AS 2809.1-2008 Road Tank Vehicles For Dangerous Goods

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AS 2809.1-2008 Road tank vehicles for dangerous goods - General requirements for all road tank vehicles
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AS 2809.1—2008
road tank vehicles

Australian Standard®
Part 1: General requirements for all

Road tank vehicles for dangerous goods
AS 2809.1—2008
This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee ME-057, Road Tankers for
Hazardous Liquids and Gases. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards
Australia on 6 March 2008.
This Standard was published on 5 May 2008.
The following are represented on Committee ME-057:
• Australasian Fire Authorities Council

• Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
•
Australian Industry Group

• Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association
• Australian and New Zealand Industrial Gas Association
• Department of Consumer and Employment Protection, WA
• Department of the Premier and Cabinet, SA
• Petroleum Industry Contractors Association
• Queensland Transport
• The Australian Gas Association
• Victorian Transport Association
• Victorian Work Cover Authority
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 05389.
Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through the public comment period.
Keeping Standards up-to-date

Australian Standards® are living documents that reflect progress in science, technology and
systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions
are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.
Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are
using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.
Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can
be found by visiting www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to

notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
mail@standards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
AS 2809.1—2008
Australian Standard®
Part 1: General requirements for all

road tank vehicles
Originated as part of AS 2016—1977.

Previous edition AS 2809.1—1999.
Third edition 2008.
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 8635 9
AS 2809.1—2008 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee ME-057, Road Tank
Vehicles for Dangerous Goods to supersede AS 2809.1—1999, Road tank vehicles for
dangerous goods, Part 1: General requirements.
This Standard specifies general requirements for all road tank vehicles. Additional specific
requirements applicable to particular road tank vehicles are detailed in the appropriate part
of the AS 2809 series of Standards. The suite of Standards for road tank vehicles comprises
six (6) Parts.
The scope of the brief given to the Committee was to review Parts 1, 2 and 3.
NOTE: Parts 4, 5 and 6 are to be reviewed at a later date yet to be determined.
The following Parts have been revised by the Committee:

Part 1: General requirements for all road tank vehicles
Part 2: Road tank vehicles for flammable liquids
Part 3: Road tank vehicles for compressed liquefied gases
This Standard is intended to serve as a reference Standard for the various statutory
authorities administering regulations for the safe transport and handling of dangerous
goods, and the wording of its title and its scope clauses have been chosen to align with the
Australian Dangerous Goods (ADG Code).
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.
Other authorities and regulations may affect the use of this Standard and users should be
aware of the possibility.
IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD MAY
NOT NECESSARILY FULFIL ALL LEGAL OBLIGATIONS.
3 AS 2809.1—2008
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 OBJECTIVE................................................................................................................ 4
1.3 APPLICATION ........................................................................................................... 4
1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 4
1.5 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 4
1.6 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS ..................................................................... 8
SECTION 2 VEHICLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

2.1 BASIC DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 9
2.2 TRAILERS AND SEMITRAILERS.......................................................................... 11
2.3 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS .......................................................................................... 11
2.4 PUMPS...................................................................................................................... 12
2.5 ENGINES .................................................................................................................. 12
2.6 SAFETY.................................................................................................................... 13
2.7 SIGNS, NOTICES AND MARKINGS ...................................................................... 13
2.8 HEATING DUCTS.................................................................................................... 13
SECTION 3 VEHICLE INSPECTION

3.1 INSPECTION ............................................................................................................ 14
3.2 ITEMS....................................................................................................................... 14
3.3 REPAIRS................................................................................................................... 14
APPENDICES
A LIST OF REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS ..................................... 15
B ROAD TANK VEHICLE STABILITY ..................................................................... 16
AS 2809.1—2008 4
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Part 1: General requirements for all road tank vehicles
SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

1.1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies general requirements for the design, construction, testing,
maintenance and inspection of road tank vehicles, irrespective of the cargo, that are
intended for the road transport of dangerous goods. The Standard deals with vehicles that
are designed and constructed specifically as road tank vehicles. It is applicable also to
conventional vehicles that are to carry portable or demountable tanks or tank containers
which are filled or emptied whilst on the vehicle and as a consequence are deemed to be a
road tank vehicle.
The general vehicle and safety requirements are regulated by the Australian Design Rules
(ADR) issued by the Department of Transport and Regional Services and these rules are
outside the scope of this Standard.
Throughout this Standard the term ‘road tank vehicle’ is used and has the same meaning as
tanker.
1.2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this Standard is to provide designers, planners, operators and regulators
with technical requirements for road tank vehicles transporting dangerous goods.
1.3 APPLICATION
Road tank vehicles intended for the transport of dangerous goods shall comply with this
Standard, and with such other Part of the AS 2809 series as is relevant to the special needs
of the particular cargo. Where a cargo has two characteristics, e.g. toxic and flammable, or
where a road tank vehicle is switched from one cargo to another, the requirements of all
relevant Parts shall apply.
1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

A list of the documents referred to in this Standard is provided in Appendix A.
1.5 DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Standard, the definitions in the Australian Code for the Transport
of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (ADG Code) and the following definitions apply.
The following definitions need to be read in conjunction with the definition in the ADG
Code:
1.5.1 ADR
Australian Design Rules.
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

5 AS 2809.1—2008
1.5.2 Approved, approval

Approved by, or approval of, the Authority.
1.5.3 Authority
The Authority having statutory (legal) control over a particular aspect of a road tank
vehicle.
1.5.4 Auxiliary engine
An engine that is additional to the main propulsion engine of the road tank vehicle.
1.5.5 Baffle
A device which is not liquid-tight, which limits the surge of contents.
1.5.6 Bitumen based products
Residual bitumen, polymer modified bitumen, cutback bitumen and bitumen emulsion.
1.5.7 Bulkhead
A transverse closure forming a liquid-tight division between adjacent compartments of a
tank.
1.5.8 Calculation pressure
The pressure (internal or external) used in conjunction with the design temperature to
determine the minimum thickness or dimensions of the vessel part under consideration.
1.5.9 Capacity (of a tank)
The total volume of the space enclosed within the tank (including the ullage), expressed in
cubic metres or litres. It has the same meaning as expressed in the ADG Code.
1.5.10 Cargo
The liquid or gas to be transported in the tank.
1.5.11 Centroid of the tank
A geometrical position defined by the centre of mass of the tank capacity. It is independent
of all other masses, tank weight, load and ullages.
1.5.12 Cleaning ring
A ring sometimes used in the attachment of a bulkhead to a tank shell, and having the
annular space vented and drained.
1.5.13 Combination road vehicle
A group of road vehicles consisting of—
(a) a prime mover and 2 or more trailers; or
(b) a rigid vehicle and 1 or more trailers.
1.5.14 Compartment
A liquid-tight division of a tank.
1.5.15 Competent person
A person who has acquired through training, qualification or experience, or a combination
of these, the knowledge and skills enabling that person to perform the task required.
1.5.16 Compressed gas
Any permanent gas enclosed under such conditions that its gauge pressure exceeds 170 kPa
when its temperature is 15°C, or any liquefied gas, as hereunder defined, within a closed
container.
www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia
AS 2809.1—2008 6
1.5.17 Compressed liquefied gas

A gas which on the application of pressure liquefies at normal ambient temperatures, and
which is a Class 2 dangerous goods as defined in the ADG Code.
1.5.18 Corrosive material
A Class 8 dangerous goods as defined in the ADG Code.
1.5.19 Cryogenic liquid (refrigerated)
A liquefied gas having a boiling point below −90°C at atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa
absolute).
1.5.20 Dangerous goods
Any material which complies with the definition of dangerous goods as published in the
ADG Code and/or is nominated as such by the Authority.

1.5.21 Demountable tank
A tank designed to be carried on a vehicle, but does not form part of and is not attached to
the vehicle and is designed to be removable.
1.5.22 Design pressure
The maximum allowable working pressure in a tank, pipe or component.
1.5.23 Dolly
A trailer with one axle group or single axle and a fifth wheel coupling designed to convert a
semitrailer into a dog trailer.
1.5.24 Excess-flow valve
A valve normally in the open position, which closes automatically when the flow in the
direction for which the valve was designed exceeds a predetermined limit specified by the
manufacturer, and which re-opens when the conditions which resulted in closure are no
longer present.
1.5.25 Exposed area
The area of a tank directly exposed to outside atmosphere.
1.5.26 Flammable liquid
A Class 3 liquid dangerous goods as defined in the ADG Code.
NOTE: The preferred reference source for the flammability characteristics of materials is NFPA
325M.
1.5.27 ‘g’
The acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2).
1.5.28 Head
Relates to the liquid-tight transverse closure at the end of a tank.
1.5.29 Hot work
Grinding, welding, thermal or oxygen cutting or heating, and other related heat-producing
or spark producing operations.
1.5.30 Intermediate bulk container (IBC)
As defined in the ADG Code.

7 AS 2809.1—2008
1.5.31 Internal safety control valve

A combination of an excess-flow valve and a quick-closing internal valve, used on
compressed liquefied gas road tank vehicles.
1.5.32 International Gas Union (IGU) standard conditions
15°C and 101.325 kPa absolute.
1.5.33 Mass-filling ratio
The ratio of the maximum mass of a liquefied gas permitted in a container to the mass of
water which that container would hold at 15°C.
1.5.34 Prime mover
A vehicle that is designed to tow a trailer or trailers.
1.5.35 Quick-closing internal valve

A valve designed to be closed both automatically by the operation of one or more sensing
devices (which may be fusible links), and manually from a remote position by the release of
the means of holding the valve open.
1.5.36 Road tank vehicle
A road vehicle of which a tank forms part or to which a tank is attached.
1.5.37 Safe fill level
The capacity less the ullage.
1.5.38 Standard filling level
The highest liquid surface level permitted in a tank for a specific liquefied gas assuming a
liquid temperature of 5°C. It represents a safe but conservative filling level provided that
the liquid temperature at the time of filling is not less than 5°C. It provides the location
point for the fixed liquid level gauge, and a calibration check point for any variable liquid
level gauge that may be provided.
1.5.39 Tank
A container that is used for transporting the cargo, and is mounted permanently or
temporarily on a vehicle, and which is not a gas cylinder within the scope of AS 2030
Parts 1, 2 and 4, or a liquid container having a capacity of 450 L or less, or the fuel tank for
the vehicle. The term ‘tank’ embraces the container and all parts which affect its structural
integrity.
A tank for liquid transport may be one of the following:
(a) A small-compartment tank—a tank having one or more compartments, none of which
exceeds 8600 L capacity.
(b) A large-compartment tank—a tank having one or more compartments, any of which
exceeds 8600 L capacity.
(c) A tank with a non circular cross section and having one or more compartments that
exceed 8600 litres and are specific to AS 2809.2 and designed for vapour pressure of
20 kPa.
NOTE: It is recognized that a high degree of precision cannot be expected in relation to
compartment volume. Accordingly, a compartment that exceeded the nominal limit of 8600 L by
anything up to 3% would be considered acceptable on the basis of manufacturing tolerance. This
should not be taken to imply acceptance of oversizing of all the compartments of the one tank.

AS 2809.1—2008 8
1.5.40 Tank container

A container as referred to in AS/NZS 3711.2, which is designed for repeated use in the
transport of goods in bulk by one or more modes of transport. If the tank container is filled
or discharged while on the vehicle, it shall be deemed to be a road tank vehicle.
1.5.41 Toxic material
A Class 6 Dangerous Goods as defined in ADG Code.
NOTE: Such materials are classified into further grades in AS 2809.4.
1.5.42 Ullage
A vapour space which is left above the liquid surface after filling, to permit a degree of
thermal expansion of the liquid without loss of cargo. It is expressed as a percentage of the
capacity of the tank.
The percentage of ullage required per compartment is defined in the ADG Code.
The maximum allowable ullage when in use in tanks or compartments with a capacity
greater than 8600 litres is defined in the ADG Code.
1.6 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS

This Standard does not prevent the use of materials, methods of assembly, procedures and
the like that do not comply with the specific requirements of this Standard, or are not
mentioned in it, provided the minimum dimensional and performance requirements
specified herein are met.

9 AS 2809.1—2008
SECT ION 2 VEH I C L E DES IG N AND

C O N ST RU CT I O N
2.1 BASIC DESIGN

2.1.1 Stability
The ADG Code permits a stability angle of 64 degrees for tank containers, which are
outside the scope of this Standard. If a tank container is used as a road tank vehicle, the
stability angle shall comply with the requirements of this Clause.
The stability angle shall be calculated when the road tank vehicle is loaded to no more than
maximum legal loading with manufacturer's allowable spring and tyre deflection, and shall
comply with either (a) or (b) as appropriate.

(a) For rigid road tank vehicles, designed in accordance with AS 2809.3 and AS 2809.6,
the maximum allowable stability angle shall be 64 degrees.
NOTE: It is essential that the stability angle of the total fully–loaded vehicle be as low as
possible.
(b) For all other road tank vehicles, the maximum allowable stability angle shall be 62
degrees.
The stability angle shall be calculated as the base of an isosceles triangle. The base length
of the isosceles triangle shall be calculated at ground level to be equal to the overall width
between the outside walls of the outside tyres of the major load axle or axles. The height of
the apex of the isosceles triangle shall be the height from ground level to the geometric
centre of the tank cross-section at tank half-length.
NOTE: Although the height of the centre of gravity is the most important factor affecting
stability, a number of other design aspects need to taken into account in order to maximize safety.
Appendix B gives guidance on those design features which require particular attention.
2.1.2 Road clearance
The clearance between the outside edge of any component and the road shall comply with
the following requirements:
(a) The ground clearance for tank components and protection devices shall be not less
than 250 mm within 1 m of any axle, or 350 mm for any other location, when the
vehicle is unladen.
(b) Tank filling and discharge connections that are rigidly attached to the tank shall not
extend lower than 40 mm below the plane through the centre-line of the axles.
2.1.3 Tank attachment
The means of attachment of a tank to a vehicle shall be treated for design purposes as a tank
support. Reference shall also be made to the truck manufacturer’s body building guide to
ensure the attachment of the tank to the vehicle results in a safe installation.
2.1.4 Attachments
Any item that is attached to the road tank vehicle which is left unsecured or projecting from
the tank has the potential to be a hazard that can cause structural damage to the tank. These
items require an interlock with the vehicle braking system to prevent the vehicle from
operating in the event the items are not stowed and secure in the designed position.
2.1.5 Cabin-to-tank clearance
A clearance of not less than 75 mm shall be provided between the back of the cabin and the
closest point of the tank. For an articulated vehicle refer to AS 2174, Parts 1 and 2.

AS 2809.1—2008 10
2.1.6 Rear impact protection

Each road tank vehicle shall be provided with a system of bumpers and/or barriers to
protect the tank from rear impact in accordance with the following requirements:
(a) The impact surface shall be not less than 150 mm behind the rearmost vertical
projection of the tank and the inner face of the bumper bar shall allow at least
150 mm clearance from the tank or any component or fitting.
(b) The width of the impact surface shall be not less than the width of the vehicle.
(c) The system shall be attached to the subframe of the road tank vehicle or the chassis of
the vehicle. It shall not be attached directly to the tank.
(d) The design of the bumper system shall be calculated, using as the basis for the
calculation a design load equal to 40 t or twice the gross vehicle mass of the fully
loaded road tank vehicle, whichever is the lesser, uniformly distributed over the
bumper bar, and a stress equal to the yield stress of the material.
(e) If the rear tyres are more than 600 mm from the impact surface of the bumper, and if
the clearance under the bumper exceeds 600 mm, an under-run protection shall be
provided.
NOTES:
1 Where a tank is carried on a tray type vehicle, the tray may be taken into account as a
possible bumper.
2 Design information on under-run protection is given in ADR 42 Section 8.
2.1.7 Guarding
Power-driven rotating machinery which operates while the road tank vehicle is stationary
and which, by reason of its location, constitutes a potential hazard to personnel shall be
guarded adequately.
2.1.8 Tail shafts
Provision shall be made to protect the vehicle, tanks or other liquid carrying component
from damage in the event of failure of the vehicle’s tail shaft.
2.1.9 Battery
The battery shall be firmly secured to prevent movement in the event of vehicle overturn,
and shall be ventilated. It shall be in an accessible position, and shall have a substantial and
secured acid-resistant cover, electrically insulated on the side adjacent to the battery
terminals.
2.1.10 Battery isolation switch
A battery isolation switch shall be provided which shall shut down the engine and all power
sources. The means of operating the isolating switch shall be located on the driver’s side
and to the immediate rear outside of the cabin, in such a position that is clearly visible and
easily accessible to a person outside the vehicle, and shall be clearly labelled. The battery
isolation switch shall be of EX or equivalent rating (see AS/NZS 2381.1).
NOTE: Where an engine is fitted with an alternator, and the battery is isolated before the engine
is stopped, damage to the alternator is likely unless its field coils have been first disconnected.
2.1.11 Vehicle rollover device
Where a road tank vehicle is to carry flammable dangerous goods in bulk, a rollover cut out
device shall be fitted. This device shall be designed to automatically shut down the engine
and all power sources in the event of a rollover, by activating the battery isolation switch.
This device shall activate at all angles where the normal vertical plane of the tank truck is
greater than 45 degrees to the vertical and within 3 seconds of reaching an angle of more
than 45 degrees. The rollover device shall be able to be readily self tested.
11 AS 2809.1—2008
2.1.12 Drive away protection

A means shall be provided to ensure that the road tank vehicle is immobilized whenever any
transfer to or from the road tank vehicle is undertaken. Wheel chocks or other external
wheel locking devices shall not be used as a primary method of immobilization.
The means of immobilization shall be constructed and installed such that it cannot operate
whilst the road tank vehicle is being normally driven.
2.1.13 Spillage hazards
Shields or diverters shall be provided where potential spillage or leakage could create a
hazard. In addition to other considerations, specific attention shall be paid to the following:
(a) The effect of corrosion or deterioration on important safety components, e.g. brake
piping.
(b) The possibility of a flammable liquid spillage contacting an ignition source, a hot
engine or exhaust component, or the like.
(c) The possibility that some hot engine or exhaust component may cause the warming of
some cargo-carrying component to an undesirable degree.
(d) The likely pattern of movement of any spillage, i.e. surges due to dynamic effects,
tracking or flowing along vehicle components, spraying from spinning shafts,
couplings or failed seals, etc.
2.2 TRAILERS AND SEMITRAILERS

2.2.1 Attachments
All attachments shall comply with the Australian Design Rules for motor vehicles and
trailers and the following requirement:
The trailer shall incorporate provisions to support a fully loaded road tank vehicle (as per
Commonwealth and State/Territory Road Regulations) safely when disconnected from the
prime mover. Such provisions shall comprise either permanently fitted landing legs or
provision in the structure for an external support.
2.2.2 Trailers
A trailer (excluding semitrailers) shall be provided with –
(a) at least two axles and at least four wheels;
(b) the separation between the foremost and rearmost axles shall be not less than 0.6
times the overall trailer length excluding the drawbar; and
(c) when standing unattached, the trailer shall remain stable under all conditions of
loading.
2.3 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

2.3.1 Requirements for fire extinguishers
Fire extinguishers shall comply with AS/NZS 1841.1, AS/NZS 1841.4, AS/NZS 1841.5,
AS/NZS 1841.7, and AS/NZS 1850 as appropriate.
2.3.2 Installation
Fire extinguisher(s) shall be installed so that—
(a) they are mounted securely by means of a quick-release attachment;
(b) they are located so as to be readily accessible for use; and

AS 2809.1—2008 12
(c) where two fire extinguishers are required for any road tank vehicle, one is located on
the left side rear of the road tank vehicle, with the other on the right side towards the
front, wherever practicable.
(d) where one fire extinguisher is required, it shall be located on the discharge side of the
road tank vehicle wherever practicable.
2.3.3 Number and types
Each road tank vehicle (see Note) shall be provided with fire extinguishers in accordance
with the following requirements:
(a) The type and number of fire extinguishers shall comply with Table 2.1 for the
particular application.
(b) Where different types of extinguishing agents are provided, and hence may be used
together in an emergency, they shall be of types that are compatible.

(c) The extinguishing agents shall be compatible with the intended actual cargo.
NOTE: For the purposes of this Clause, an additional towed tank trailer, each B-double tank
trailer and each road tank vehicle of a combination vehicle is treated as being an individual
vehicle and thus requires an additional complement of fire extinguishers.
TABLE 2.1
TYPE AND NUMBER OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Application Minimum requirement
A road tank vehicle up to and including 10 000 L One 60B dry-powder type; or two 30B dry-powder type
capacity for flammable cargo, or a road tank vehicle
of any size for non-flammable cargo
A road tank vehicle exceeding 10 000 L capacity, for Two 60B dry-powder type; or one 80B dry-powder type
flammable cargo and one 20B foam type
In every vehicle cabin One 1A 10B(E) extinguisher
2.4 PUMPS
2.4.1 General
A pump intended for handling the road tank vehicle’s cargo shall be suitable for use with
that cargo, and for the required pumping flow rates and pressures.
2.4.2 Pressure regulation
A pumping system shall be provided with an automatic means to ensure that the design
pressure of any component is not exceeded.
2.5 ENGINES
2.5.1 General
A compression engine or a spark ignition engine may be used for propulsion. The
propulsion engine of the road tank vehicle and or an auxiliary engine may be used as the
pump driver engine. The engine shall be provided with a shutdown system which shall be
easily identified.
2.5.2 Engine intake and exhaust
The exhaust of the propulsion engine of the road tank vehicle and, where the product is
flammable, the intake and exhaust of an auxiliary engine shall terminate at a level not lower
than the top of the road tank vehicle cabin.
NOTE: For exhaust systems on flammable liquids road tank vehicles, see AS 2809.2.

13 AS 2809.1—2008
2.6 SAFETY
2.6.1 Safety equipment
The road tank vehicle shall incorporate provision for the storage of such safety equipment
as may be necessary for the particular cargo. The storage shall be in a readily accessible
location which is not in proximity to the discharge connections. Any breathing apparatus or
other personal protection equipment shall be in the cabin. The method of stowing and
securing shall be such as will minimize any hazard from loose equipment in an accident.
NOTE: The need for safety equipment and the nature of the equipment will depend on the nature
of the road tank vehicle’s cargo. Details of the necessary equipment can be obtained from the
relevant storage and handling Standard or the road tank vehicle operator or see the requirements
of the ADG Code.
2.6.2 Operator instructions
Provision shall be made in the cabin for the storage of operator instructions and the display
of the emergency information necessary for the particular cargo. (Refer to appropriate Part
of AS 1678 or HB 76.)
NOTE: Details of stowage and securing provisions, markings, etc. are provided in the ADG Code.
2.6.3 Pressure testing
Tanks, piping systems and valves shall be tested according to the appropriate clauses in the
various parts of this Standard. Some tests may include high pressure and the following
warning should be heeded.
WARNING: WHEN THE PRESSURE TESTS ARE IN PROGRESS, THERE IS
THE POTENTIAL FOR THE SUDDEN RELEASE OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF
ENERGY WITH POSSIBLE INJURY TO PERSONNEL. EXERCISE EXTREME
CARE TO AVOID OVERPRESSURIZATION.
2.7 SIGNS, NOTICES AND MARKINGS

2.7.1 Placarding
Each road tank vehicle shall be provided with signs in accordance with the requirements of
the ADG Code.
2.7.2 Valve operation
At each point from which a valve may be operated remotely, manual top operators
excepted, a sign shall be provided to make clear the direction and type of movement
required to close the valve.
2.8 HEATING DUCTS

Operation of heating ducts shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations. The ducts shall be clearly labelled with maximum operating temperatures
and pressures. Each system shall be adequately protected by the installation of suitably
sized pressure relief valves. Valve material shall be suitable for the product being used.

AS 2809.1—2008 14
S E C T I O N 3 V E H I C L E I N SPE CT I O N
3.1 INSPECTION
The vehicle owner shall instigate an inspection scheme to determine the safety of the road
tank vehicle with a frequency on distance travelled or time, but in any case, the inspection
intervals shall not exceed three months.
Records of the inspection shall include the items inspected, identity of the competent person
carrying out the inspection and the inspection date. These inspection records shall be kept.
3.2 ITEMS
The items subject to inspection shall include, but not be limited to:
(a) Tanks, tyres, wheels and brakes.
(b) Suspension.
(c) Chassis.
(d) Steering.
(e) Fifth wheel coupling(s).
(f) Engine.
(g) Lights, conduits, batteries and battery switch.
(h) Rollover shutdown switch.
(i) Electronics, including recorders and transmission.
(j) Fire extinguishers.
(k) Signs of cargo leaks.
(l) Stowed safety gear.
(m) Drive away protection.
(n) Subframe.
(o) Tank barrel.
3.3 REPAIRS
Any necessary repairs arising from the items inspected shall be completed and checked by
the competent person before entry back into service.

15 AS 2809.1—2008
APPENDIX A
LIST OF REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
(Normative)
A1 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
AS
1678 Emergency procedure—Transport (series)
2030 The verification, filling, inspection, testing and maintenance of cylinders for
storage and transport of compressed gases
2030.1 Part 1: Cylinders for compressed gases other than acetylene

2030.2 Part 2: Cylinders for dissolved acetylene
2030.4 Part 4: Welded cylinders—Insulated
2174 Heavy road vehicles—Mechanical coupling between prime movers and
semitrailers—Interchangeability requirements
2174.1 Part 1: Non-dedicated vehicle combinations
2174.2 Part 2: Dedicated vehicle combinations
2809 Road tank vehicles for dangerous goods
2809.2 Part 2: Road tank vehicles for flammable liquids
2809.3 Part 3: Road tank vehicles for compressed liquefied gases
2809.4 Part 4: Tankers for toxic and corrosive cargoes
2809.5 Part 5: Tankers for bitumen-based products
2809.6 Part 6: Tankers for cryogenic liquids
AS/NZS
1841 Portable fire extinguishers
1841.1 Part 1: General requirements
1841.4 Part 4: Specific requirements for foam type extinguishers
1841.5 Part 5: Specific requirements for powder type extinguishers
1841.7 Part 7: Specific requirements for vaporizing-liquid type extinguishers
1850 Portable fire extinguishers—Classification, rating and performance testing
2381 Electrical equipment for explosive gas atmospheres—Selection, installation and
maintenance
2381.1 Part 1: General requirements
3711 Freight containers
3711.2 Part 2: Terminology
HB 76 Dangerous goods—Initial emergency response guide
NATIONAL TRANSPORT COMMISSION
Australian Dangerous Goods Code (ADG Code)
Australian design rules for motor vehicles and trailers (ADR)
NFPA
325M Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids
A2 RELATED DOCUMENTS
AUSTRALIAN TRANSPORT ADVISORY COUNCIL
Guide to heavy vehicle suspension systems and acceptable axle loads for road tank vehicles
Regulations on axle loads and load sharing

AS 2809.1—2008 16
APPENDIX B
ROAD TANK VEHICLE STABILITY
(Informative)
B1 INTRODUCTION
The factors that collectively govern the stability of a vehicle are extremely complex and the
field is subject to intensive investigation. This Appendix has therefore been written to the
form of a set of guidelines, which list those features that should be kept in the forefront of
any design considerations and that include the latest research findings.
Electronic stability control systems are now being used to effect better vehicle stability and
should be considered.
B2 CENTRE OF GRAVITY
It is essential that the stability angle of the total fully-loaded vehicle mass be as low as
possible.
B3 TYRE TRACK
It is essential that the tyre track be as wide as possible. Wide single tyres are the most
effective means of achieving this provided that wide base axles are used.
B4 TYPE OF SUSPENSION
A stiff suspension is less roll-prone than one which is soft. The selection of a suspension
should take the following into consideration:
(a) Spring rate. (A high spring rate improves roll stiffness.)
(b) Transverse distance between springs, which should be maximized. Wide single tyres
permit the greatest increase in spring base.
(c) Suspension spring slack between tension and compression should be eliminated.
(d) Anti-roll devices incorporated in the suspension, which improve roll stiffness.
(e) Shock absorbers, whose effect is to improve stability mainly by damping any
oscillations which may cause swaying or difficulties in corners.
B5 EFFECT OF PRIME MOVER

The stability of an articulated combination is strongly affected by the balance between the
trailer and prime mover suspension roll stiffnesses. Stiff four-spring and walking beam
suspensions on the prime mover are needed to get the full benefit of a roll-resistant trailer
design.
The fifth wheel coupling fitted to the prime mover should have minimum flexibility in its
mounting, and should permit minimum vertical separation between the fifth wheel and
trailer skid plate.

17 AS 2809.1—2008
B6 STEERING GEOMETRY AND AXLE ALIGNMENT

Care is necessary during construction to ensure correct alignment, not only of the steering
wheels, but also of the rear axle or axles. ‘Tracking-in’ or ‘tracking-out’ of the trailer due to
misalignment of rear wheels is a common problem. Rear alignment should be checked
carefully by the triangulation method, or any other proved method having adequate
accuracy.
B7 TYRES
Tyres are important, not only because of the obvious aspect of contributing to a roll
tendency because of softness, but more importantly because of the need to maintain good
adhesion with the road surface, particularly when wet. Sideways slide is commonly the
initial occurrence in a subsequent roll-over.
Tyres with tread patterns having a high lateral adhesion that resists side slide are preferred.
Profile stiffness is important, as is the selection of the correct inflation for the particular
vehicle.
Steel-cord radial tyres are preferred, especially on trailer axles.
B8 BRAKES
Besides the basic matter of effectiveness in stopping the road tank vehicle, any design of
brakes or their control systems should feature the following:
(a) Balanced braking between axle groups.
(b) Sequencing the application of brakes so as to inhibit jack-knifing.
(c) Any other effective anti-jack-knife arrangement.
(d) Compatibility with the brakes of the prime mover.
These features are important irrespective of whether the road tank vehicle is a rigid vehicle,
a semitrailer, or a trailer.
Refer to the ADRs for requirements for brakes for most types of vehicles and trailers.

AS 2809.1—2008
18
NOTES
19
NOTES
AS 2809.1—2008
AS 2809.1—2008
20
NOTES
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LICENCE

Licensee: mrs Karren Wylde

Date: Wednesday, December 16, 2009 11:19 AM

1. Definitions and Interpretations

Licence means the right to access and use the Product.

Licensee means the purchaser and user of the Product.

2.1. The Product is available Click

3.2. The Licensee is granted a non-exclusive and non-assignable

3.3. Licensees are permitted to use the Product

road tank vehicles

Part 1: General requirements for all

The following are represented on Committee ME-057:

• Australasian Fire Authorities Council

Australian Industry Group

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 05389.

Keeping Standards up-to-date

Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to

Road tank vehicles for dangerous goods

Part 1: General requirements for all

Originated as part of AS 2016—1977.

The following Parts have been revised by the Committee:

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

SECTION 2 VEHICLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 3 VEHICLE INSPECTION

Part 1: General requirements for all road tank vehicles

SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

1.5.2 Approved, approval

1.5.17 Compressed liquefied gas

ADG Code and/or is nominated as such by the Authority.

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

1.5.31 Internal safety control valve

1.5.35 Quick-closing internal valve

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

1.5.40 Tank container

1.6 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

SECT ION 2 VEH I C L E DES IG N AND

2.1 BASIC DESIGN

comply with either (a) or (b) as appropriate.

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

2.1.6 Rear impact protection

2.1.12 Drive away protection

2.2 TRAILERS AND SEMITRAILERS

2.3 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

together in an emergency, they shall be of types that are compatible.

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

2.7 SIGNS, NOTICES AND MARKINGS

2.8 HEATING DUCTS

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

2030.1 Part 1: Cylinders for compressed gases other than acetylene

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

B5 EFFECT OF PRIME MOVER

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

B6 STEERING GEOMETRY AND AXLE ALIGNMENT

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

For further information visit www.standards.org.au

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