LAMPROPHYRE –

ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS

RIO CENDRAJAYA
Lamprofir adalah batuan beku ultrapotasik yang tidak biasa
dan terbentuk sebagai dike, lopolit, lakolit, stok, dan intrusi-intrusi kecil.
Mereka adalah batuan mafik atau ultramafik silika-tak jenuh dengan
magnesium oksida yang tinggi, >3% oksida kalium, serta tinggi akan oksida natrium, nikel, dan kromium
Mafic dykes (hornblende lamprophyre) intruding Vredenburg Granite, Groot Paternoster Point
(http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/geolsci/dlr/dyke2k/gallery/pat10.jpg)
LAMPROPHYRE
A thin section of minette from the Colorado Plateau. Magnesium-rich biotite
(P, phlogopite) and clinopyroxene (C) phenocrysts in a groundmass of
alkali feldspar, pyroxene, and iron-titanium oxides (Field of view: 2 mm).
 Minette showing euhedral phlogopite phenocryst with thin overgrowth of darker biotite.
The groundmass of this minette is composed of smaller dark micas, alkali feldspars,
plagioclase (andesine), carbonates, chlorites, opaques and apatite (Awdankiewicz, 2007).
Photomicrograph of minnete showing alteration of biotite megacryst along the rim (XPL., 50x).
LAMPROPHYRE
Spessartite composed of larger, euhedral kaersutite (Krs) crystals in a groundmass
of feldspars (sericitized plagioclase, minor alkali feldspars), diopside (Di), chlorite
pseudomorphs (Chl) and ilmen ite (Ilm) (Awdankiewicz, 2007).
Vogesite composed of euhedral, brown amphiboles (mainly kaersutite),
alkali feldspars (Af) and sericitized plagioclase (Pl).
The texture is inequigranular and in places poikilitic, with larger alkali
feldspar enclosing the other minerals ( Awdankiewicz, 2007).
 Amphibole

Typical camptonite sample from Griswold Crushed Stone Quarry showing

fine grained rock with large amphibole phenocryst
Camptonite sample showing amphibole phenocrysts in a plagioclase -amphibole groundmass (PPL)
(Whitehead, 2008)
Photomicrograph of camptonite showing porphyritic texture with biotite and
pyroxene phenocrysts set in a fine-grained groundmass (Whitehead, 2008).
Photomicrograph of camptonite showing typical panidiomorphic texture depicted by
clinopyroxenes set in a feldspars-rich groundmass (XPL., 50x).
Photomicrograph of monchiquite with olivine phenocryts set in a finer-grained groundmass (XPL).
Photomicrograph of monchiquite intrusion from Golden Hill, near Usk, containing altered and
fragmentary material. The large crystal is clinopyroxene. ©National Museum of Wales. (XPL).
(http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/835/)
 MELILITIC ROCKS

* Melilite: (Ca,Na) 2(Al,Mg,Fe++)(Si,Al) 2O7

* Environments: igneous rocks that are poor in silica and alkali s
* SiO 2 : 30 – 35%
* Devoid of feldspar or feldspathoids
Melilite (mineral)
Olivine Melilitite
Alnöites

SiO2 < 25%

Occur as dikes

Clinopyroxenes,
few olivines and
biotite phenocrysts
in a fine-grained,
biotite and melilite-
rich groundmass.
 CARBONATITES

Anatoly Zaitsev

Freshly erupted natrocarbonatite lava (black) at one of the hornitos in the crater of
Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania (http://umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/arc/carbonatite.html)
CARBONATITES
 CARBONATITES

Forsterite-phlogopite-calcite carbonatite from Kovdor (Kola, Russia) as seen under the optical
microscope (in crossed polars). This rock consists of calcite (Cal), zoned phlogopite (Phl) and
resorbed crystals of forsterite (Fo) and fluorapatite (FAp).
(http://umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/arc/carbonatite.html)
KIMBERLITES
 KIMBERLITES

The three major kimberlite facies: hypabyssal kimberlite containing numerous olivine
macrocrysts, Lac de Gras kimberlite field, NWT (left); diatreme-facies tuffisitic kimberlite breccia
containing abundant xenoliths of sedimentary country-rock, "Triple B" diatreme, Ontario
(middle); resedimented volcaniclastic kimberlite (right) with abundant macrocrysts of
serpentinized olivine, diopside and pyrope in a clay-rich matrix, Lac de Gras, NWT.
 KIMBERLITES

Hypabyssal-facies kimberlite from the Lac de Gras kimberlite field (NWT). Note the presence
of xenoliths (X) and olivine macrocrysts (M). Xenolith CX is of crustal origin, whereas MX is a
fragment of harzburgite from the Earth's upper mantle. The field of view is ~4 mm acros s
 KIMBERLITES

E: Hypabyssal kimberlite with olivine macro- and microcrysts in fine-grained dark matrix
(XPL); F: Crater-facies kimberlite with juvenile lapilli and olivine macrocrysts (PPL).
(Lehmann et al., 200..)
PERIDOTITES, DUNITES, etc
Dunite
Pyroxenite
Peridotite (Harzburgite)
Garnet (pyrope)-bearing Peridotite
 Komatiite

Bladed olivine spinifex, Widgiemooltha Komatiite, Western Australia. The olivine

crystals form sheafs or booklets of plated crystals within glass.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KomatiiteA3.jpg)
Komatiite
Komatiite
 Komatiite

Komatiite showing spinifex texture (Barbeton, South Africa)

http://f10.aaa.livedoor.jp/~dunite/3nenjpeg/v8-1_spinifex1_5.JPG
http://f10.aaa.livedoor.jp/~dunite/3nenjpeg/v8-1_spinifex2_5.JPG
Serpentinites
Serpentinites
Serpentinites
 Serpentinites

Olivine: (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 Antigorite: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4

Serpentinites