United

Kingdom
pátek 26. listopadu 2021 22:07

THE SYMBOLS
- The national flag
- Coats od arms
- The national anthem (God saves the queen/king)

THE AREA
- 250 000 km2
- Political parts: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern
Ireland

THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

- Parliamentary democracy under a constitutional
monarchy
- Elizabeth II.
- Boris Johnson
- Two houses:
○ House of Commons
§ Lower house
§ Membership based on elections
○ House of Lords
§ Upper house
§ Membership hereditary
- Two parties:
○ The Conservative party
○ The Labour Party

CAPITAL CITIES
- England- London
- Scotland - Edinburgh
- Wales - Cardiff
- Northern Ireland - Belfast

INDUSTRY
- Energy
- Mining
- Manufacturing
- Construction

AGRICULTURE
- 69% of the country’s land area
- Arable farming (crops)
- Livestock farming (animals)
- Mixed farming (both)

WATERS
- Longest rivers:
○ England - Severn, Thames
○ Scotland - Tay
○ Wales - Towi
○ Northern Ireland - Bann
- Biggest lakes
○ Lough Neagh - Ireland
○ LochNess - Scotland
○ Loch Lomond - Scotland
○ Windermere - England
○ Lough Erne - Northern Ireland
- Seas and oceans
○ South - English Channel
○ East - North Sea
○ West - Irish sea, Atlantic Ocean

THE MOUNTAIN RANGES

- Ben Nevis (1345 m, Scotland)
- Scarfell Pike (978 m, England)

CLIMATE AND WEATHER

- Mild and variable
- Temperate climate - warm, wet summers and cold dry
winters
- Warmest months: July and August
- Coldest months: January and February

NATURE
- National parks in the UK:
○ Calingorns (Scotland)
○ Lake District (England)
○ Snowdonia (Wales)
○ Yorkshire dailies
London
Saturday 27 November 2021 20:31

- Capital and largest city in the UK

- Stands on the River Thames
- Total population: 9 000 000
- Ceremonial country and local government district
- Governed by the mayor of London
○ Currently: Sadiq Khan
URBAN AREAS
- Identified using district names - Wembley,
Whitechapel
- The city of London
○ The main financial district
- The West End London
○ Entertainment and shopping district
- The East London
○ High immigrant population
○ Poorest areas in London
HISTORY
- Londinium
○ London’s ancient core
○ Founded by Romans
○ Now only small part of London
○ Forms one of the 33 local authority districts
○ Rebellion of the Iceni led by Queen Boudicca
○ Burnt to the ground
○ After regaining it, it had prospered
○ Population: 60 000
○ After Romans Londinium abandoned
- Ludenwic
○ Anglo-Saxon settlement
○ One mile west of Londinium
○ London trading town
○ From mid 6th century under the kingdom of
Essex
○ Viking attacks - camped in the old Romans walls,
built a defense-ditch
○ Ealdwich - old settlement
- Ludenburg
○ Alfred the Great defeated Vikings +
reestabilished the settlement inside old Roman
walls
○ Roman walls and defense ditch repaired
○ Beginning of the present City of London
- By 11th century the biggest town in England
- Rebuilt Westminster Abbey - one of the largest
churches in Europe
- Previous Anglo-Saxon England capital was Winchester
- Early modern history
○ Gradual shift to Protestantism
○ Civil war (majority of Londoners supported the
Parliamentary cause)
○ London surrounded by a defensive parameter
wall known as the Lines of Communication
○ Great Plague (1665-1666) - over 100 000 victims
○ The great fire of London broke out in 1666 - 10
years of rebuilding
○ 18th century - lots of crime- Bow street runners
- Late modern history
○ World’s largest city from 1831-1925
§ Overcrowded
§ Cholera epidemic
○ Traffic congestion
§ The World’s first local urban rail network
○ One of the most diverse cities Worldwide

MAJOR SIGHTS
- The Tower of London - Her Majesty’s royal Palace and
Fortress of The Tower of London
- Trafalgar Square
- Bank of England
- Gherkin
- The Shard
- London Bridge
- China Town

CULTURE
- Royal opera house
- University of London
- The British museum
- The Natural History museum
- The National Portrait Gallery
- Tate Britain
- Philharmonic Orchestra

FAMOUS PEOPLE
- Charlie Chaplin
- Alfred Hitchcock
- Benedict Cumberbatch
- The Beatles
- Queen
- Pink Floyd
- Tom Holland
Interesting places in the UK
Saturday 27 November 2021 21:00

BIRMINGHAM
- The second largest city of UK
- Near the geographic center of England
- Grew during the Industrial Revolution
- The word’s first manufacturing town -
- The largest center of higher education in the
- country outside London
- Jewelers Quarter
- J.R.R Tolkien

MANCHESTER
- Northwestern England
- Manufacturing and distribution for cotton and textiles
- Manchester United and Manchester City - Premier
League football clubs

LIVERPOOL
- Major seaport in northwestern England
- The Beatles
- Football

LEEDS
- On the river Aire in the eastern foothills of the
Pennines
- The largest city in West Yorkshire
- A major center for the production and trading of wool
in the 17th and 18th century
- Industrial revolution

EDINBURGH
- The capital of Scotland and Scotland’s second most
populous city
- The seat of the Scottish government
- Palace of Holyroodhouse - the official residence of the
monarch in Scotland

STONEHENGE
- Prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England
- Outer ring of vertical; Saracen standing stones
- UNESCO

EDINBURGH CASTLE
- On the highest point of the city Edinburgh
- Built on an extinct volcano
- One of the oldest fortified places in the Europe
- Royal residence, military

WINDSOR CASTLE
- founded by William the Conqueror in the 11th century
- Has been the home of 39 monarchs
- The longest-occupied place in Europe

ROMAN BATHS
- In the city Bath
- Thermae - large imperial bath complexe
- UNESCO

HADRIAN’S WALLS
- Frontier
- Built by Roman army on the orders of the emperor
Hadrian
- Crossed northern Britain from Wallsend on the River
Tyne