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lUns” k 9
10
Qkm.Vsuisu
XkSYosusehVj
&
&
ysfol okVjeSu
,.Mªs&esjh&,fEi;j
1 Exam Tonic
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33 VªkaftLVj & tkWu cjMhu] fofy;e crZuksa esa dybZ djus esa veksfu;e DyksjkbM dk
“kkdys o iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
okYVj cVZu d`f=e lqxfU/kr inkFkZ cukus esa ,fFky ,lhVsVa
34 FkekZehVj & Msfu;y xScfj;y dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
QkWjsugkbV fljds ds ,lhfVd vEy ( CH3COOH ) ik;k
35 Okkf”kxa e”khu & gkysZ eh”ku dEiuh tkrk gSA
36 iuMqCch & MsfoM cqlusy ,slhfVyhu dk iz;ksx izdk”k mRiUu djus esa
37 fo|qr~ ia[kk & Oghyj fd;k tkrk gSA
38 e”khu xu & lj tsEl idy jDr ds izokg dks jksdus ds fy, Qsfjd
2 Exam Tonic
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yqbl czkÅu dks tUe fn;k A Hkkjr esa tUe vYVhehVj (Altimeter) & bldk mi;ksx
ysus okys izFke ij[kuyh f”k”kq fookfnr gSA mM+rs gq, foeku dks Å¡pkbZ ukius ds fy,
1953 bZ0 esa loZizFke ckbZikl ltZjh dk fd;k tkrk gSA
iz;ksx ;w0,l0,0 eas gqvk FkkA vehVj (Ammeter) & bldk mi;ksx fo|qr~
ekSle lEcU/kh ifjorZuksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh /kkjk dks ekius ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
izkIr djus fy, ghfy;e xSl ls Hkjs xqCckjs vksfM;kehVj (Audiometer) & ;g midj.k
iz;ksx esa yk;s tkrs gSA /ofu dh rhoarz k ekius ds dke esa vkrk gSA
19 fnlEcj] 1945 bZ0 esa eqEcbZ ls VkVk
cSjksxzkQ (Berograph) & blds }kjk
bULVhV~;wV vkWQ Q.MkesUVy fjlpZ dh
ok;qe.My ds nkc esa gksus okys ifjorZu dks
3 Exam Tonic
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ueuekih & ;g midj.k fdlh LFkku ij jsuxst & ;g o’kkZ ukius ds dke esa vkus
ueu dks.k ekius ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk okyk midj.k gSA
gSA flleksxzkQ & ;g HkwdEi dk irk yxkus
QSnksehVj (Fathometer) & ;g ;a= leqnz okyk midj.k gSA
dh xgjkbZ ukius ds dke vkrk gSA ls¶Vh ysEi & ;g izdk”k ds fy, [kkuksa esa
XkSYosuksehVj (Galvanometer) & bl ;a= dk mi;ksx gksus okyk mnkgj.k gSA bldh
mi;ksx NksVs fo|qr~ ifjiFkksa esa fo|qr /kkjk dh lgk;rk ls [kkuksa esa gksus okys foLQksV dks
fn”kk ,oa ek=k Kkr djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA cpk;k tk ldrk gSA
Xkkbxj ewy dkm.Mj (Geiger-Muller LihMks ehVj & ;g xfr dks iznf”kZr djus
4 Exam Tonic
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tM+Ro ds dqN mnkgj.k & ¼i½ Bgjh gqbZ dh vksj dk;Z djrk gSA bl cy dks gh
eksVj ;k jsyxkM+h ds vpkud py iM+us ij vfHkdsUnzh; cy dgrs gSA
mlesa cSBs ;k=h ihNs dh vksj >qd tkrs gSA vidsUnzh; cy (Centrifigal force) -
¼ii½ pyrh gqbZ eksVjdkj ds vpkud :dus vtM+Roh; Ýse (Non-inertial frame) esa
ij mlesa cSBs ;k=h vkxs dh vksj >qd tkrs U;wVu ds fu;eksa dks ykxw djus ds fy,
gSA ¼iii½ dEcy dks gkFk ls idM+dj M.Ms dqN ,sls cyksa dh dYiuk djuh gksrh gS]
ls ihVus ij /kwy ds d.k >M+dj fxj iM+rs ftUgs ifjos”k esa fdlh fi.M ls lEcfU/kr
gSA ugh fd;k tk ldrkA ;s cy Nn~e cy ;k
laosx (momentum) & fdlh oLrq ds tM+Roh; cy dgykrs gSA vidsUnzh; cy
5 Exam Tonic
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ftl fLFkfr esa j[kh tk,A oLrq dk Hkkj u’V dh tk ldrh gSA ÅtkZ dsoy ,d
xq:Ro dsUnz ls Bhd uhps dh vksj dk;Z :i ls nwljs :i esa ifjofrZr dh tk ldrh
djrk gSA vr% xq:Ro dsUnz ij oLrq ds Hkkj gSA
ds cjkcj mifjeq[kh cy yxkdj ge oLrq ÅtkZ :ikUrfjr djus okys dqN midj.k
dks larqfyr j[k ldrs gSA
midj.k ÅtkZ dk :ikUrj.k
Lkarqyu rhu izdkj ds gksrs gS& LFkk;h]
Mk;useksa ;kaf=d ÅtkZ dks
vLFkk;h] mnklhuA
fo|qr ÅtkZ esa
LFkk;h larqyu dh “krsZ & fdlh oLrq ds
Ekksecrh jklk;fud ÅtkZ dks
LFkk;h ds fy, nks “krksZ dk iwjk gksuk
izdk”k ,oa Å’ek ÅtkZ
6 Exam Tonic
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& vkuqoaf”kd vfHk;kfU=dh (Genetic vkuqoaf”kd vfHk;kafU=dh eas lgk;rk djus okys
Enginneering) }kjk cSDVhfj;k dk ;qXe gS&
loZizFke i`FFkd`r ,UVhck;ksfVd gS& & bf”pfj;k o ,xzkscsDVhfj;e
& isfyflfyu IYkSfTeM gS&
,ysDts.Mj ¶ysfeax us isfuflfyu izkIr fd;k& & cSDVhfj;ksQst
& isfuflfy;e uksVsjVe (Pevicillium ,d ikni dksf”kdk esa lEiw.kZ ikni dk fodkl
notatum) }kjk djus dh {kerk ik;h tkrh gSA ;g y{k.k gS&
pht o ;ksXgVZ (Cheere and Yoghurt) mRikn & iw.kZ”kDrrk
gS& Ikkni Ård loa/kZu dk lQyrkiwoZd mi;ksx
12 Exam Tonic
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fdl la;kstu esa rqY; izfrjks/k dk eku rFkk mudh chp dh nwjh ds oxZ ds
vf/kdre gksxk& O;qRØekuqikrh gksrk gS** ;g fu;e gS&
& Js.khØe eas & dwykEc dk fu;e
nks pkyd rkj ftuds inkFkZ yackbZ rFkk O;kl fdlh fo|qr ifjiFk esa bdkbZ /ku vkos”k dks
leku gS] fdlh fo|qr ifjiFk esa igys Js.khØe ,d fcUnq ls nqljs fcUnq rd ys tkus esa fd,
esa vkSj fQj ik”oZØe esa la;ksftr fd, tkrs gSA x;s dk;Z }kjk ekik tkrk gS] mu fcUnqvksa dh
Js.khØe rFkk ik”oZØe la;kstu esa mRIkUu chp ds&
Å’ekvksa dk vuqikr D;k gksxk \ & foHkokUrj dks
&1%4 fo|qr dk lcls vPNk pkyd gS \
14 Exam Tonic
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,aV vehck fgLVksy kbfVdk }kjk QSyk;k tkus & lw{ e tho (Microorganism)
okyk jksx gS& Xywdkst dk tc ;hLV dh lgk;rk ls
& isf p”k ¼ vehck;ksfll ½ fd.kou (fermentation) gksrk gS] rks fufeZr
“kjhj esa fcfy:fcu dh ek=k c<+us ls gksus gksr k gS&
okyk jksx gS& & bFksu kWy $ CO2
& ihfy;k ,UVhck;ksfVDl (Antibiotics) }kjk o`f)
nkn ¼ fjaxoeZ ½ jksx dk dkjd gS& fujksf/kd gksrh gS&
& dod & CkSDVhfj;k] dod o ok;jl dh
Okk;jl tfur jksx gS& Iksfuflfyu dk [kkstdrkZ gS&
& iksfy;ks & ,ysDts.Mj ¶ysfeax
fgisVkbVl ch uked fo’kk.kq }kjk QSy kus º;wE;wfyu gS&
17 Exam Tonic
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& vory niZ.k /kq¡, ds vkj&ikj fdlh nwj fLFkr izdk”k L=ksr
Okg xksyh; niZ.k ftldk ijkorZd i`’B ckgj dks ns[kus ij mlds f>yfey djrs gq,
dh vksj ofØr gS& fn[kkbz nsus dk dkj.k gS&
& mŸky niZ.k & viorZu
Xkksyh; niZ.k ds ijkorZd i`’B ds dsUnz dks Lkkcqu ds cqycqys dk jaxhu fn[kkbZ nsus dk
dgrs gS& dkj.k gS&
& /kzqo & O;frdj.k
Lksyj dwdj esa mi;ksx ysrs gS& Ikrys ySalksa esa ls vkifrr fdj.k vius ekxZ ls
& vory niZ.k fopfyr gq, fcuk lh/ks mlh fn”kk esa fudy
19 Exam Tonic
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Lkw;ksZn; ls dqN le; igys o lw;ksnZ ; ls iw.kZ vkUrfjd ijkorZu gksrk gS] tc izdk”k
dqN le; ckn rd gesa lw;Z fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] tkrk gS&
dkj.k gS& & ghjs ls dk¡p esa
& viorZu vkdk”k dk jax uhyk izrhr gksrk gS&
Tkc ,d lhMh lw;Z ds izdk”k esa ns[kh tkrh gS & izdh.kZu ds dkj.k
rks bUnz/kuq’k ds leku jax fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSA Okk;qe.My esa izdk”k ds folj.k dk dkj.k gS&
bldh O;k[;k dh tk ldrh gSA & /kwyd.k
& viorZu] foorZu ,oa ikjxeu dh ?kVuk ds leqnz uhyk izrhr gksrk gS&
vk/kkj ij & vkdk”k ds ijkorZu rFkk ty ds d.kksa
20 Exam Tonic
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izdk”k dh fdj.k ,d ek/;e ls nwljs ek/;e Ckktjk “kq’d ,oe~ v/kZ”kq’d tyok;q okys {ks=ksa
esa tkrh gS rks osx esa o`f) gksrh gS] vr% nwljk esa vflfpar [kjhQ Qly ds :Ik esa cks;k
ek/;e gksxk& tkrk gSA
& fojy eDdk ,d ek= ,slk /kU; gS ftldh mRifr
dkSu&lk izdk”k lcls de dks.k ij >qdrk gS uohu fo”o ¼vesfjdk }hi½ esa gqbZ gSA
\ “kdZjk mRiknu dh n`f’V ls xUuk ¼LraHk½ rFkk
& yky izdk”k pqdUnj ¼ewy½ O;kikfjd ikni gSA
ifjrkfjdk fdlds ihNs fLFkr gS & [kk| rsy jklk;fud n`f’V ls fXyljhu rFkk
& dkWfuZ;k olh; vEyksa ds la;ksx ls curs gSA dqN rsy
22 Exam Tonic
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izkIr fd, tkrs gSA rsy ds gkbMªkstuhdj.k ls [kjrokj dks viuk Hkkstu cukus okyh eNyh
ouLifr ?kh dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA gS&
lkxoku ds o`{k dh lkekU; vk;q 200 o’kZ & xzkl dkiZ
gksrh gSA js”ke dhV ikyu esa dkSuls o`{k dh vko”;drk
lkxoku dh dk’B vius xq.kksa ds vk/kkj ij gksrh gS&
fo”o ij esa izFke LFkku ij ekuh tkrh gSA & “kgrwr dh
Mwxa jiqj ftys ds lkxokM+k dLcs dk uke ;gk¡ js”ke gS& ,d izksVhu ls cuk mRikn
ij lkxoku dh cgqrk;r dk ifjpk;d gSA dSVjfiyj gS&
Ykglqu esa rhoz xa/k ,fyflu uked inkFkZ ds & ykokZ
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gksrk gS rFkk j[kh xbZ xeZ oLrq xeZ izdhf.kZr gksrk gS RkFkk QSy tkrk
o B.Mh oLrq B.Mh cuh jgrh gSA gSA
dk¡p ds fxykl esa dkQh rst xeZ ge niZ.k esa vius vki dks ns[k ikrs
ikuh Mkyus ij ;g VwV tkrk gS] gS] D;ksfa d niZ.k esa vius vki dks
D;ksfda xeZ gksus ds dkj.k vUnj dh ns[k ikrs gS] D;ksafd niZ.k ls izdk”k
lrg QSyrh gSA dk ijkorZu gksrk gSA
lfnZ;ksa esa gS.MiEi dk ikuh xeZ o i`Foh ds ok;qe.My ls viorZu ds
xfeZ;ksa esa B.Mk eglwl gksrk gS] dkj.k gh gesa rkjs fVefVekrs izrhr
D;ksfd lfnZ;ksa esa ckgj dk rkieku gksrs gSA
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