TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES-MANILA

PROBLEM SET NO.1

FLUID MACHINERIES
ME319-ME32S2

SUBMITTED BY:
CASUSI, RHEA DAN RUTH B.
1812284

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. KIMBERLY MAE DANTES

May 15, 2021

A 45 KG STUDENT STARTING FROM REST, SLIDES DOWN AN 11.9-METER-HIGH
SLIDE. HOW FAST IS SHE GONG AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SLIDE?

Given:
m=45 kg
h=11.9 m

Requested:
v=?

Solution:

ME=mgh

m
(
ME=( 45 kg ) 9.8066
s2)(11.9 m )

ME=5251.4343 J ;K E=5251.4343 J

1
KE= mv 2
2

2 KE
v=
√ m

2 ( 5251.4343 J )
v=
√ 45 kg
m
v=15.2773
s
AS WE ALL KNOW, A LOCUST IS AN EXCELLENT JUMPER. SUPPOSED 2.5 g
m
LOCUST LEAPS STRAIGHT UP, LEAVING THE GROUND AT 3.5 , A SPEED THAT
s
A DESERT LOCUST CAN EASILY REACHED.
A) IF WE IGNORE THE DRAG FORCE, HOW HIGH WILL THE LOCUST JUMP?

Given:
m=2.5 g
m
v1 =3.5
s

Requested:
y f =?

Solution:
K f + ( U g )f + ∆ Eth=K i + ( U g )i

∆ E th =0

1 1
m v f 2 +mgy f = m vi2 +mgy i
2 2
y i=0 ; v f =0

1
gy f = v i2
2

v i2
yf =
2g
2
m
yf =
( 3.5
s )
m
(
2 9.8066
s
2 )
y f =0.6246 m
THE SUMMIT PLUMMET IS AN EXTREME WATER SLIDE. ONE PF THE STEEPEST AND
FASTEST IN THE WORLD. RIDERS DROP 40m FROM THE START UNTIL THEY HIT AND
RUN OUT AT THE BOTTOM. IF YOU GIVE YOURSELF A GOOD PUSH AT THE START, SO
THAT YOU BEGIN YOUR PLUNGE MOVING AT 2.5 m/s, HOW FAST ARE YOU MOVING
WHEN YOU GET TO THE BOTTOM? HOW FAST WOULD YOU BE MOVING IS YOU
SKIPPED THE PUSH? THE SLIDE IS STEEP AND SLIPPERY, SO ASSUME OF THE SLIDE;
THE FINAL STATE IS AT THE BOTTOM.

Given:
∆ y =40 m

m
vi =2.5
s

Requested:
v f =?

Solution:

K f + ( U g )f + ∆ Eth =K i + ( U g )i

K f =K i + ( ( U g )i −( U g )f ) =K i +∆ U g=K i+ mg∆ y

Rewrite the kinetic energy in terms of speed and then solve for final speed.
1 1
m v f 2 = mv i2 +mgy f
2 2

v f = √ v i2+2 g ∆ y

m
√ (
v f = ( 2.5 )2 +2 9.8066
s2 )
( 40 m )

m
v f =28.1208
s
A PIPE WITH A DIAMETER OF 2cm IS ATTACHED TO A GARDEN HOSE WITH A
m
NOZZLE. IF THE VELOCITY OF FLOW IN THE PIPE IS 2 , WHAT IS THE
s
VELOCITY OF THE FLOW AT A NOZZLE WHEN IT IS ADJUSTED TO HAVE A
DIAMETER OF 8mm.

WHAT IS THE EXPECTED HEAD LOSS PER MILE FOR A CLOSED CIRCULAR PIPE WITH A
15 INCHES INSIDE DIAMETER AND A FRICTION FACTOR OF 0.032 DURING A 3500
GAL/MIN OG WATER FLOW UNDER PRESSURE?

Given:

D=15 inches
f =0.032
gal
Q=3500
min

Requested:
h2 =?

Solution:

Q
V=
A

gal 1 min 1 ft 3
V=
3500 (
min 60 secs )(
7.481 gal )
2
π 1 ft
4 (
( 15 inches )
12inches )

ft
V =6.3540
s

WATER DISCHARGES THROUGH AN ORIFICE IN THE SIDE OF A LARGE TANK. THE

ORIFICE IS CIRCULAR IN CROSS SECTION AND 55 mm IN DIAMETER. THE JET IS THE
SAME DIAMETER AS ORIFICE. THE LIQUID IS WATER, AND THE SURFACE ELEVATION
IS MAINTAINED AT A HEIGHT H 4 m ABOVE THE CENTER OF THE JET.
Compute the discharge: (a) neglecting loss of head
Given:
h=4 m
1m
D=55 mm × =0.055 m
1000 mm

Requested:
Discharge Neglecting head loss

Solution:

E1=E 3

v 12 p 1 v 3 2 p3
+ + z 1= + + z 3
2g γ 2g γ
8 Q2
0+ 0+4 m= 2 +0+ 0
π g D3 4

8 Q2
=0.4 m
m
2
( )
π 9.81 2 ( 0.055 m )
s
4

m 3 100 L L
Q=0.0210472 × 3
=21.0472
sec 1 m sec

L
Q=21.0472
sec

A SMALLER PIPE IS CUT OFF A SHORT DISTANCE PAST THE REDUCER SO THAT THE
JET SPRINGS FREE INTO THE AIR. COMPUTE THE PRESSURE AT 1 IF Q= 5 cfs OF
WATER. D1=12 inches AND D2=4 inches. ASSUME THAT THE JET HAS THE DIAMETER D 2,
THAT THE PRESSURE IN THE JET IS ATMOSPHERIC AND THAT THE LOSS OF HEAD
FROM 1 POINT TO POINT 2 IS 5ft OF WATER.
Given:
ft
Q=5 cfs D1=12 inches D2=4 inches Q 1=Q 2=5
sec

Requested:
p1=?

Solution:
Velocity Head

v2 8 Q2
=
2 g π 2 g D4

ft 2
v12

=
8 5
sec( ) =0.6293 ft
4
2g ft
2
(
π 32.2 2 ( 1 )
s )
ft 2
v22

=
( )8 5
sec
=50.9753 ft
2g ft 4 4
2
( )( )
π 32.2 2
s 12
E1−H L =E2

v 12 p 1 v 2 2 p2
+ + z 1−HL= + + z2
2g γ 2g γ
p1
0.6293 ft + + 0−5=50.9753 ft +0+ 0
γ
p1
=55.346 ft
γ
p1=55.346 ( γ )=55.346 ft ( 62.4 psf )=3453.5904 psf

lb 1 ft 2
p1=3453.5904 × =23.9833 psi
ft 2 12 ¿2
p1=23.9833 psi

SUPPOSE THAT A HUGE TANK 55m HIGH AND FILLED WITH WATER IS OPEN TO THE
ATMOSPHERE AND IS HIT WITH A BULLET THAT PIERCES ONE SIDE OF THE TANK,
ALLOWING THE WATER TO FLOW OUT. THE HOLE IS 2.5m ABOVE THE GROUND. IF THE
HOLE IS VERY SMALL IN COMPARISON WITH THE SIZE OF TANK, HOW QUICKLY WILL
THE WATER FLOW OUT OF THE TANK?

Given:
H1=55m
H2=2.5m

Requested:
v 2=?

Solution:
1 1
P1 + pv 12 + p gh1 =P 2+ pv 22+ p gh2
2 2
1
p gh 1=P2+ pv 22+ p gh2
2
1
p gh1=P2 + pv 22 + p gh2
2
p
1
gh1=P2 + v 22 + gh2
2
Rearrange:
1 2
v =gh1−gh2
2 2
1 2
v =g (h¿¿ 1−h¿ ¿2) ¿ ¿
2 2

m
√(
v 2= 2 9.8066
s2)( 55 m−2.5 m )
 m
v 2=32.0888
s

A KITE BOARDER IS USING KITE TO GENERATE A FORCE ON A WINDY DAY. THE AREA
m
OF THE KITE IS A=6 m 2. THE WIND SPEED IS v=10 . THE DENSITY OF AIR IS
s
kg
p=1.29 . IF THE KITE IS DESIGNED SUCH THAT THE AIR IS STATIONARY ON THE
m3
INNER SURFACE, HOW MUCH FORCE CAN THE KITE BOARDER EXPECT THE KITE TO
GENERATE?

Given:

A=6 m2
m
v=10
s
kg
p=1.29
m3

Requested:

F=?

Solution:
1 1
P1 + pv 12 + p gh1 =P 2+ pv 22+ p gh2
2 2
2
1 1 kg m
2 2 m (
P1−P2= pv 22= 1.29 3 10
s )( )
P1−P2=64.5 Pa

F=∆ PA

F=64.5 Pa ( 6 m2 )
F=387 N

WATER IS FLOWING THROUGH A HOSE. IT COMES OUT OF THE TAP AT A PRESSURE

m
OF P=130 kPa , v=8 , AND HEIGHT OF 1m. IT LEAVES THE NOZZLE AT A VELOCITY OF
s
m
v=5 AND A HEIGHT OF h=2 m. WHAT IS THE PRESSURE OF THE WATER WHEN IT
s
LEAVES THE HOSE?

Given:
P1=130 kPa

m
v1 =8
s
h1 =1m

m
v 2=5
s
h2 =2m

kg
pwater =1000
m3

Requested:
P2=?

Solution:
 1 1
P1 + pv 12 + p gh1 =P 2+ pv 22+ p gh2
2 2

1 kg m 2 kg m 1 kg m 2 kg m
2 m ( )
130 kPa ( 1000 ) + 1000 3 8
s m s( ) 2 ( )
+1000 3 9.8066 2 ( 1 m )=P2 + 1000 3 5
m s m ( s )
+1000 3 9.8066 2 (2 m)

171806.6 Pa=P2 +32113.2 Pa

P2=171806.6 Pa−32113.2 Pa=139693.4 Pa

1 kPa
P2=139693.4 Pa ( 1000 Pa )
=139.6934 kPa

P2=139.6934 kPa

gal
WATER FLOWS AT 6500 THROUGH A CAST IRON PIPE. THE COEFFICIENT FRICTION
min
IS f =0.0175 , AND THE PIPE IS 2 ft . WHAT IS THE HEAD LOSS OVER A 120 ft PIPE
LENGTH?

Given:
gal
Q=6000
min
D=1 ft
f =0.0175
L=120 ft

Requested:
h2 =?

Solution:
 Q
V=
A

gal 1 min 1 ft 3
V=
6000 ( )(
min 60 sec 7.481 gal )
π
(1 ft )2
4
ft
V =17.0196
sec

fLV 2
h2 =
2 gD
2
ft
h2 =
(
(0.0175)(120 ft ) 17.0196
sec )
ft
(
2 32.174
s
2 )
(1 ft )

h2 =9.4533 ft

kg
SUPPOSE THAT A FLUID WITH A DENSITY OF1500 FLOWING THROUGH A
m3
m
HORIZONTAL PIPE AT A SPEED OF 5 HAS A PRESSURE OF 150000 Pa. IF THIS FLUID
s
m
THEN STARTS FLOWING THROUGH THE PIPE AT A SPEED OF 10 , WHAT IS THE NEW
s
PRESSURE THAT THIS FLUID EXERTS?

Given:
kg
p=1500
m3
m
v1 =5
s
P1=150000 Pa

m
v 2=10
s

Requested:
P2=?

Solution:
1 1
P1 + pv 12 + p gh1 =P 2+ pv 22+ p gh2
2 2
1 1
P1 + pv 12=P2 + pv 22
2 2
1 1
P2=P1 + pv12− pv 22
2 2
1
P2=P1 + p(v ¿ ¿1 ¿ ¿ 2−v 22) ¿ ¿
2

m 2 2
1 kg m
P2=150000 Pa+
2 (
1500 3
m )(( ) ( ) )
5
s 2
− 10 2
s

P2=93,750 Pa

A HOUSE IS TO BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND HURRICANE-FORCE WINDS. THE

m
MAXIMUM WIND VELOCITY IS 86 . THE SURFACE AREA OF THE ROOF IS A=500 m2 . IF
s
kg
THE DENSITY OF AIR IS p=1.031 3 , HOW MUCH FORCE MUST THE ROOF SUPPORTS
m
BE ABLE TO WITHSTAND?
Given:
m
v=86
s

A=500 m2
kg
p=1.031
m3

Requested:

F=?

Solution:
1 1
P1 + pv 12 + p gh1 =P 2+ pv 22+ p gh2
2 2
1
pv12=0
2
1
P1−P2= pv 22
2

1 kg m 2
P1−P2=
2( m )( )
1.031 3 86
s
=3812.638 Pa

F=∆ P∗A
2
F=3812.638 Pa ( 500 m )
F=1906319 N
 L
GIVEN WITH A 35 OF SEA WATER WITH A SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF 1.03 FLOWING FROM
s
POINT 1 TO 2, THE PRESSURE AT 1 IS 100 kPa AND AT 2 IS −15 kPa . POINT 2 IS 6 m
HIGHER THAN POINT 1. COMPUTE THE LOST ENERGY IN kPa BETWEEN 1 AND 2.

Given:

m3
Q 1=Q 2=0.035
s

Velocity Heads

v2 8 Q2
= 2
2 g π g D4
2
m3
v1 2

=
(
8 0.035
s )
=0.0125 m
2g m
2
(
π 9.8066 2 0.3
s
4
)
2
m3
v22

=
(
8 0.035
s )
=1.0122 m
2g m
2
(
π 9.8066 2 0.1
s
4
)
Energy equation between 1 and 2
E1−HL=E 2

v 12 p 1 v 2 2 p2
+ + z 1−HL= + + z2
2g γ 2g γ
100 15
0.0125 m+ +0−HL=0.0122m− +6 m
1.03 ( 9.8066 ) m
(
1.03 9.8066 2
s )
HL=4.3855 m

m
[ (
HL=4.3855 m 1.03 9.8066
s2 )]
HL=44.2970 kPa