VIVA On Dynamic Marketing

Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Introduce Yourself
Thank u sir. It is a great pleasure to me to introduce myself in front of you. My name is Md.
Emran. I’m currently enrolled as a 4th year student in Comilla University, majoring in marketing.
I’m interested in Sales & Marketing field and seeking opportunities related to the same. I’m
always curious about things and enjoy learning. I am detailed oriented person and keep my
goals and task oriented to maintain productivity. I develop communication skill, computer
programs (worksheet, database, Words processing software), and Customer services and so on.
My hobbies are reading newspapers, traveling. My strengths are positive attitude, quick and
self learner, friendly and confident. My weakness is that I feel uncomfortable until finishing the
work assigned to me tongue emoticon and I couldn’t hurt anyone easily. That’s all about me.
Thank you for listening with patience and giving me your valuable time.

Business is engage in making product or providing services for profits.

Business portfolio is the collection of business and products that make up the company.
Marketing is delivery of customer satisfaction at profit. Marketing is managing profitable
customer relationships. Marketing is nothing, just a process of activities which start before
needs identification & continue after sales service.
Marketing Philosophy is a fundamental idea that guides a company effort to
satisfy customer and achieving organizations goals.
Marketing Channel is the bridge between the manufacture and consumer.
Marketing research is the systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting of
data relevant to specific marketing situation facing an organization.
Marketing Management is the art and science of choosing target market and
building profitable customer relationships.
Marketing Management Philosophy means used the business to guide their marketing efforts.
Needs are states of felt deprivation. Actually needs are basic human requirement.
Example- People needs air, food, clothing, safety, educations and so on.
Wants are the form of human needs takes as shaped by culture and individuals personality.
Demands are human wants that depend on buying power or financial ability of the
products.
Market is place where buyer & seller exchange each others. Market is the set of actual and
potential buyers of goods & services.
Market penetration is a strategy for company growth by increasing sales of current
products to current market segments without changing the product.
Market development is a strategy for company growth by identifying and
developing new market segments for current company products.
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Customer is a person who is actually makes decision for purchasing the products.
Consumer is a person who is finally consumed the products.
Business Market is buy goods & services for further processing or for use in their
production process.
Consumer Market consists of individuals and households that buy goods and services
for personal consumptions
Product is anything which can be satisfied customer needs and wants.
Level of products includes core customer value (consumer seek from the product),
Actual product (brand name, features, design, packaging, quality level etc), Augmented product
(delivery and credit, after sales service, product support, warranty etc.)
New product is a goods, services or idea that is perceived by some potential customer as new.
Strategies of new product development includes idea generation idea
screeningconcept development and testing marketing strategy developmentBusiness
AnalysisProduct developmentTest marketing Commercialization
Consumer products are products and services bought by the final consumer for
personal consumption. Convenience product (toothpaste, magazines etc), shopping
product (furniture, clothing etc), specialty (Luxury goods such as Rolex watches,
refrigerators, televisions etc), Unsought (life insurance, red-cross blood donations)
Industrial Products is a product bought by the individuals or organizations for further
processing or for using conducting business.
Product development is a strategy for company growth by offering modified or new
products to current market segments.
Product Life cycle involves five distinct stages like as product development (develop
new product idea), introduction (a period of slow sales growth- hybrid autos), growth (a period
of rapid market acceptance and increasing profits- TVs), maturity (a period of slowdown of sales
growth- DVDs players), Saturation ( digital cameras) and decline (the period when sales fall off
and profit drop- CDs).
Marketing Strategy
Segmentation is dividing the total market into small market.
Targeting is the process of evaluating each market segments which is achievable.
Positioning is to write the brand name into heart of customers.
Differentiation is actually differentiating the market offering to create superior
customer vale.
Distribution Channel includes wholesaler, retailer, distributors and even the internet.
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Marketing Mix (4p’s) includes Product (quality, features, design, brand name,
packaging, services), Price (list price, discounts, allowances), Place (channels, locations,
inventory), Promotion (advertising, sales promotions, personal selling)
Environment is surrounding factors like as family, friends, Parents.
Marketing environment is an environment that’s affect marketing management’s
ability to build and relationships with target customer.
Micro-environment includes the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries
(firms that helps the company to promote, sell and distribute its products to final buyers),
company, competitors, publics, customers.
Macro-environment includes demographic, economic, natural, technological,
political, and cultural.
Firm is an individual company and Industry is group of firm which offer similar product.
Price is amount of money (exchange of payment) charged for products or services.
Price Elasticity is the measure of change in price for a given product.
Reference price is price that buyers carry in their minds and refer to when they look at
a given product
Dynamics Price is adjusting prices continually to needs of individual customers and
situations.
Promotional Pricing is temporally reducing price to increase short-run sales.
Value based pricing is setting price based on buyers perception of value, not sellers
cost. Example- Purchasing medicine for serious moment.
1. Good Value pricing is offering the right combination of quality and good service at
fair price. Example- Shopno, Bigbazar, Walmart, etc.
2. Value added pricing is added benefit with original products. Ex- laptop with free bag.
Cost based pricing is setting price based on the cost for producing, distributing, and
selling the product plus at a fair rate of return.
Pricing Strategy
Market- Skimming pricing is setting high price for new product to skim maximum
revenues. The company makes fewer but more profitable sales. The people’s think the quality
& good products like as Sony.
Market-penetration pricing is setting low price for new product in order to
attract a large number of buyers and a large market share. Setting the product prices based on
customer mind like as Dell computer.
Work Mood is employees feeling about jobs can change within a day/hours/minutes.
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Product mix pricing Strategy

Product mix or product portfolio is the set of all product lines and items that a
particular sellers offers for sale.
Product line Pricing is setting price steps between product line items such as all
product of RFL where different products are different prices.
Optional product Pricing is pricing optional product sold with the main product such as
ice maker with refrigerator, GPS navigation and Bluetooth wireless system with buying car.
Captive product pricing is pricing products that must be used with the main
products such as blades with razor, film with camera, batteries with phone, software with
computer.
By- product pricing is pricing low value by products to get of them such as petrol
industry, sugar industry.
Product bundle pricing is pricing bundle of products sold together such as
computer with installed original windows and others software, fast food restaurants bundle.
Odd Pricing means sets prices that end odd numbers to create the psychological
impression of low prices.
Pricing in Market Competition
Perfect or Pure Competitions are very large number of buyers and sellers. (Ex-farmer)
Oligopoly Competitions are umbers of few sellers market. Example-: Large chain
stores, Wholesalers.
Monopoly Competitions are number of single buyers (Monopsony), single sellers
(Monopoly) market. (Example: public utilities).
Monopolistic Competition refers many sellers and buyers of market. (Ex-restaurants)
Marketing Concept means is the marketing management philosophy and holds
integrated marketing (all communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public
relation, direct marketing online marketing, and digital marketing),
It’s focused on brand image) and focused customer needs.
Selling Concept means the idea that consumers will not buy the firms products unless
it’s large scale selling and promotion effort. It’s focused existing products.
Products concept means the idea that consumer will favor products that offer the most
quality, performance, and features of products.
Productions concepts means the idea that consumer will favor the product that available
and highly affordable and focus on improving production and distribution efficiency.
Exchange is a desired object from someone by offering something in return.
Promotional Mix or Marketing communication Mix includes
advertising (any paid form of non-personal presentation), sales promotion (short-term incentives
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch
of buy or sales of products or services, personal selling (personal presentation by the firm’s sales
force for making sale and build up customer relationships), public relations (building good
relation with the companies various publics by building up a good corporate image, direct
marketing (direct connections with carefully targeted individual customers & cultivate lasting
customer relationships.
Promotional mix strategies includes Push strategy (calls for using the sales force
& trade promotion to “push” the product through channels), Pull strategy (creating a demand
vacuum that “pulls” the product through the channel).
Branding is a name, term, sign, symbols, design that identifies the products or services of
the one seller or group sellers.
Packaging is the activities of designing and producing the container or wrapper for a
product.
Lifestyle is a person’s pattern of living as expressed in his or her activities, interests, and
opinions.
Learning means changing in an individual behavior arising from experience.
Belief is a descriptive thought that a person holds about something.
Merchandiser is a dealer where own the product they handle.
Retailer means purchase and merchandise products for final consumers.
Wholesalers means sell to retailer, or other wholesalers & industrial user but not to final
consumer.
Agent means the representatives of their clients but do not handle the products.
Commission man is a person who takes over the physical handling of the product.
Broker is a person who do not physical handle of the product.
Organizational behavior is the systematic study and careful application of
knowledge about how people as individuals as group act within organizations.
Organizational citizenship behavior is discretionary actions that promote
the organizations success or goes beyond the basic requirement of the job.
Communication is the transfer of information and understanding from one person to
another person.
Attitudes are the feeling and beliefs that largely determine how employees will perceive
their environment, commit themselves to intended actions, and ultimately behave.
Motivation is the reason for people’s actions willingness and goals.
Conflict is an interpersonal process that arises from disagreement over the goal to attain.
Power is the ability to influence the other person.
Culture is daily activities that idea, custom and social behavior of particular people.
Leader is person who leads or commands a group, organizations or a country.
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Activity/task/Job is any portion of a project which consumes time or resources and

has a definable beginning and ending.
Job analysis is the process of studying a job determine in which activities and responsibilities.
Job rotation means employees are moved between two or more jobs in a planned manner.
Job involvement means employee immerse themselves in their jobs, invest time and energy.
Job enrichment is a policy of adding motivation to a job.
Job enlargement is a policy of workers a wider variety of duties.
Job satisfaction is a set of favorable and unfavorable feeling and emotions where
employees view their work.
Planning is the process of thinking about activities required to achieve a desired goal.
Leadership is the ability to influence other people.
Group is a number of people that are put together as a unit.
Team is a number of people who do something together as a group.
Committee is a group of people appointed for specific functions a large group.
HRM is to carry out personnel aspects of management jobs.
Finance is a management of money and others values, which can be easily converted into
cash.
Financial management is the managerial activities which concerned with planning
and controlling of the firm’s financial resources.
Financial manager is a person who responsible and carry out the finance functions.
Financial analysis is the process of identifying the financial strength and weakness of the firm.
Insurance is a contract which protection from financial loss.
Stock market is the place where buying and selling of stock takes the places.
Demand is the relationships between price and quantity of demand.
Supply is the relationships between price and quantity of supply.
Capital means any form of wealth employed to produce more wealth. (inventory, plant etc)
Source of finance includes equity, debt, debentures, retained earnings, term loans, L/C etc.
Funds include equity funds (share) and borrowed funds (debts).
Shares represent ownership rights of their holders (Equity share, Preference share).
Debenture is a one kind of interest tax shield (Borrowed funds, loans, bonds).
Debt financing is the amount of money borrowed by one party from another.
Ratio analysis is powerful tool of financial analysis in financial management.
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Risk is uncertain situation which is measurable, avoidable and controllable.

Return means the income received on an investment.
Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating long term investment proposals.
Quick ratio means the firm ability to meet current obligations. It is also called Acid ratio.
Activity Ratio means the firms efficiency in utilizing its asset inventory turnover,
working capital turnover, No of days inventory etc. it is denoted by days/times.
Consumer Behavior is the dynamic interaction of affect, cognition, behavior, and
environmental events by which human being conduct the exchange aspects of their lives.
Affect is the feeling level of consumer, Cognition means thinking power and judgment
capacity, Behavior is final actions level of consumer, environment is a surrounding factors.
Overt behavior means directly observable and measurable response or action of the
consumer Attribute is the physical characteristics or nature of the products.
Product knowledge is one kind of idea and knowledge that you will gather from products
Family is a combination of some people.
as a consumer.
Reference group refers the different types of elite people exists in our society, these
elite peoples attitude influence normal people. Ex- I follow Mohammad (s) character so He (s)
will be my reference group.
Personality means inner psychological characteristic by which we can differentiate people
from one person to another. ( Ex- one person attitude, perception ,learning , judgment capacity,
thinking power, motivational factor always different from another)
Perception means the explanation patterns of five sense organs. (5 sense organs like eyes,
ears, nose, tongue and skin). Ex- I like burger but someone does not like it. That’s why our
perceptions varied person to person.
Dynamic Perception means changeable of perceptions but not fixed. Ex- May be I
choose red color but some days later I will not choose it.
Consumer Imaginary When the consumer perceives the product positively.
Motivation means driving force which influence on us to do perform some activities like
as physiological arousal, emotional, cognitive, environment arousal.
Decision means to take the corrective course of action to solve the problem.
The Export/Import Management course imparts knowledge in such a way
that one can identify foreign markets, product development, payments, financial processes and
documentation.
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Export indicates supplying goods or items from own country to other countries and
import deals with the buying or getting in goods and products from different countries to
one own country.
Letter of credit is often use to protect the interest of both buyer and seller, when importer do
not prefer to pay in advance then exporter may ask them to get L/C opened by well known bank.
Back to Back L/C means two letter of credit which secured financing for a niche trans.
Bill of exchange is the form of demand. It is a sight bill or Usance bill. It is also called drafts.
Bill of entry is the basic document required for customs clearance (packing list, bill of
landing, airway bill, GATT declaration form, etc)
Holistic Marketing includes internal marketing, integrated marketing,
relationship marketing, and social responsible marketing.
The holistic marketing concept, based on development, design, and implementation
of marketing programs and processes.
Export marketing means exporting goods to other country of the world.
Logistics refers to the overall process of managing how resources are acquired, stored,
and transported to their final destination.
Marketing Logistics includes warehousing, distribution, and information management.
Export expansion/ promotion is looking outward and seeing trade barrier
(expanding manufactured goods exports)
Export substitution means looking inward but still paying outward. (Tariffs, Protections).
Export panning/Strategy include the ownership advantage of the firms, the
location advantage of the market and the international experience of the firms.
Export behavior refers to varied between innovating and non- innovating firm.
Export Destination is the economic and political environment.
Counter Trade means exchanging goods or services which are paid.
Buyback occurs when a firms builds a plant in a country and agrees to take a certain
percentage of the plants outputs.
Economic Zone is an area in which the business and trade laws are different from the
rest of the country.
Tariff barriers are the tax or duty imposed on the goods which are traded to/from abroad.
A nontariff barrier is a way to restrict trade using trade barriers in a form other than
a tariff. Nontariff barriers include quotas, embargoes, sanctions, and levies.
A specific duty is a levy of a given amount of money per unit of the import, such as $1
per yard or per pound.
An ad valorem duty is calculated as a percentage of the value of the import.
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Customs Duty is an important source of government’s revenues.

Operation research is a scientific method of providing executive department with a
quantitative basis for regarding the operations under their control.
Linear programming is a powerful quantitative technique which is design to
solve allocation problem.
Assignment problem is a special type of linear programming problem where the
objective is to minimize the cost of completing a number of jobs by a number of persons.
Transportation problem is a special type of linear programming problem
where the objective is to minimize the cost of distributing product from a number of sources to a
number of destinations.
Decision theory is a statistical tool which used to an organization find out the best
decision from various kinds of decisions.
Game represents a conflict of interest between two or more parties.
Game theory is a mathematical model that is used by the organization to make decisions.
CPM means a network is a graphical representation of a project.
Network is a series of inter dependent related activities..
Event/node/connector is the starting and finishing point of group of activities.
E-commerce refers to the online commercial activities, transaction over internet. (B2C)
E-Business refers to performing all types of business activities, through internet. (B2B)
Business model is set of planned activities design to make profit in market place.
Business plan is a document that describes the business model o a firm.
System development life cycle is a methodology for understanding the
business objectives of a system and designing and appropriate solution.
B2C (online delivery site like as HungryNaki, Foodpanda), B2B (Amazon, Xerox, Samsung,
Microsoft, Address Bazar bd). C2C (Bikroy.com, clickbd.com, ekhaney.com). P2P (Skype,
Imo, BitTorrent). M-commerce (Bkash, Nagad, Rocket, Upay)
Portal is a web site that offers variety of internet services (Google, Amazon, Yahoo Go.com).
Revenue model indicates how the company plans to make money from its operstions.
Social Network involves a group of people, shared social interaction, common ties
among members. (Ex- Linkedin, Facebook, Myspace etc)
Online Social Network as an area online where people who share common ties can
interact with one another. (Top-- Facebook-2.74 billion active user, YouTube, Whatsapp etc).
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Online Advertising means paid message on website, online service or other

interactive media.
Intellectual property includes intangible creations of human intellect (Ex- copyright,
Patents, trademark, trade secrets etc)
Trademark includes logo, symbol, word or word regally registered by use as represents a
company or product.

80-20 rules means 80% sales from 20% existing customer.

Competitive edge is crucial for business success.
Customer relationships management (CRM) is the process of
developing, maintaining and managing long term relationship with customers.
Guerilla marketing is a marketing tactic that a company uses surprise and/or
unconventional interaction in order to promote a product or services.
Guerilla marketing objectives includes pinpointing the target market, determining
customer needs and wants, analyze the firms competitive advantage, to create a marketing mix.
Market research is the vehicle for gathering the information that serves as the
foundation for the marketing plan.
Primary research includes customer surveys & questionnaire, focus group, daily transaction
Secondary Research includes market research, the web, articles, direct mail list, local
data, census data, demographic data, business directories etc)
Franchising is an arrangement where franchisor licenses some rights and authorities to
franchisee. (EX- KPC, McDonalds, Pizza-Hut, Coca-Cola, Aarong, Shawpno etc)
Trade name franchising involves a brand name in where the franchisees only use the
franchisors trade name without distributing particular products. (Ex- true value hardware,
Western Auto etc).

Product distribution Franchising involves the franchisees only use the franchisors
trade name with distributing particular products. (soft drinks like coca-cola etc)
Pure/comprehensive/ business format franchising includes franchisees use a
complete business format and system of franchisors. (Ex- hotels, fast food restaurant etc.)
Corporation is a separate legal entity apart from its owners which receives the right to
exist from the state in which it is incorporate. (21.2%)
Limited Partnership includes at least one general partner and at least one
limited partner. (1.9%)

Partnership is an association of two or more people that the purpose of making a

profit. (8.3%)
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Sole proprietorship is a business owned and managed by one individual. (73.1%)

Feasibility Analysis is the process of determining whether an entrepreneur’s
idea’s a viable foundation for creating a successful business. (Industry & market, product or
services, financial)
For industry E. porter 5 force models includes bargaining power of
suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threats of new entry, threats of substitute product or
services, rivalry among existing firms).
Business Plan is a written summary of an entrepreneur’s proposed business venture.
Strategic Management is the developing a game plan to guide a company’s
vision, mission, goals and objectives.
Competitive advantage is the aggregation of factors that sets a small business apart
from its competitors and gives it’s a unique position in the market superior to its competition.
(EX- Blockbuster video)
Entrepreneur is person who creates a new business in the face of risk and uncertainty
for the purpose of achieving profit and growth by identifying significant opportunities.
Money is any object or record that accepted as payment and payment for goods and
services and repayment of debts.
Functions of money means medium of exchange like as budgeting, measurement,
a store of value, easy to carry, used to compare goods in money etc.
Money laundering is any action taken to conceal, arrange, use or possess the
proceeds of any criminal conduct. (Fraud, Terrorism, Corruption, Bribery etc.)

Interest is an amount of money paid for the use of someone else’s money.
Bank is any organization, institution, corporation that deal with money both domestic and
foreign and collects the deposits and loan it to 3rd parties.
Banking is an industry that handles cash, credit, and others financial transactions.
Banker is a person who conducts the business of banking or receiving other person
money in deposits.
Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people cannot repay debts to creditors.
Central Bank is a bank in which controls a country activities like monetary system, credit
system, money supply of a country, administration of commercial bank etc.
Functions of Central Bank includes issue of note, credit control, foreign
exchange, reserve funds, maintain the govt. account, clearing house, proving loans etc.
Credit control refers the development of standard of living, stabilization of foreign
exchange rate, checking inflation, and stabilization of price level.
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Credit creation is the separates a bank from other financial institutions. It is the
expansion of deposits. (Primary deposit- passive, derivative deposit- active)
Open market operation implies the sales and purchase of govt. securities.
Commercial Bank is a profit- seeking business firm, dealing in money and credit.
Functions of C/B includes advance loans, creation of credit, financing of foreign
trade, overdraft, cash credit, agency services, remittance of funds, acceptance of deposits etc.
A cheque, or check is a document that orders a bank (or credit union) to pay a
specific amount of money from a person's account to the person in whose name.
Foreign exchange is the exchange of one currency into another currency.
Forex market is the market in which participants are able to buy, sell, exchange on
currencies. It is opened for 24 hours a day (24/7).

Liability includes capital, reserves fund, deposits, borrowing from other bank, bills
payable, profit and loss account, bills for collection etc.

Asset includes cash, bills discounts, investment, loans and advances, fixed assets etc.
Current account is an account in which generally have no interest and withdraw
anytime and low primary deposits (100tk).
Saving account is account in which have minimum interest and withdraw two times
in a week and minimum primary deposit (500tk).
Fixed account is a account in which have high interest and no primary deposit just
only payment of installment and withdraw after expiration date (5/10 years).
Image result for risk credit
Credit risk is the possibility of a loss resulting from a borrower's failure to repay a
loan or meet contractual obligations.
Credit risk management is a process that has long been a challenge for financial
institutions.
Risk Management is process of identifying, monitoring, and managing potential risk.
FDI is short form of Foreign Direct investment, GDP is short form of Gross Domestic product.
A tax is a compulsory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed on a taxpayer (an
individual or legal entity) by a governmental organization.
Income tax is the tax which is levied on taxable income of a person.
Income is a sum that includes any wage, salary, profit, interest payment, rent etc.
Income year is the period beginning with the 1 st
day of July.
Assessment year means period of 12 months commencing on the 1st day of the July every year.
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Assessee is a person who is liable to pay any sum under the income tax ordinance.
Salary includes any pay, wages, annuity, pension, fees, allowance, profit etc.
Employee is a person who works for an employer. Employer is a person who
appoints or recruit employee to work for him.
Provident Fund is the fund where funds are accumulated during the active period
of employees for his financial protection at end of his service life.
Business Environment includes both internal and external factors influencing
the operations of a business.
Marketing Environment refers to all the forces outside an organization
that directly or indirectly influences its marketing activities.
Micro-environment includes company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries,
competitors, public, customer,
Macro-environment includes demographic, economic, natural, political, and social
environment.
Society means human beings and social structure they collective create.
General system theory is known by different names - systems theory, theory of
open systems, systems model, and family systems theory.
Stockholder/shareholder/investor is a person who legal owners of the business
corporation.
Stakeholder refers to person and group that affected by an organizations, decision,
policies and operations. (Ex-manager, customer, stockholder, suppliers, retailers etc.)
Market stakeholder means engage in economic transactions with company like as
wholesaler, retailers, and distributor etc.
Non-market stakeholder means do not engage in economic transactions with
company like as non-govt. organization, business support group, competitor, general public.
Public issue/social/political issue is any issue that is mutual concert to an organization.
Performance expectations gap is the between what the firm want to do and
what stakeholder expect.
Boundary-Spanning department is a department within an organization that
reach across the driving line that separates the company from groups and people in society.
Environmental analysis is a method manager use to gather information about
external issue and trends.
Environmental intelligence is the acquisition of information gain from
analyzing multiple environment affecting organizations.
 VIVA On Dynamic Marketing
Powered by Marketing 12th Batch

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) means the corporation should act in

a way that’s increase society and inhabitants.
Globalization refers to increasing movement of the goods, service, and capital across
the national borders.
Ethics is a conception of right or wrong conducts.
Business ethics is the application of general ethical idea to business behavior.
Sustainable development is about fairness that a central tenet of ethics.
Consumer protection is a concept in which are designed to ensure fair competition.
The consumer movement is an effort to promote consumer protection through an
organized social movement, which is in many places led by consumer organizations.
Technology is the sum of any techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the
production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives.
Computer is an electronic device in which controlled by program.
Data means piece of information. In which computer organized.
Database is an organized collection of information which controlled by DBMS.
DBMS means a Software to store, access and process of users data.
Storage device is a piece of computer hardware used for carrying, saving and pulling
out data. (Diskette is a storage media and diskette drive is a storage device).
Monitor is also known as a screen or visual display unit which most output device.
Agricultural marketing covers the services involved in moving an agricultural
product from the farm to the consumer.
Food marketing is the physical handling, storage, processing and transfer of raw
and finished goods as they move producer to consumer.
Price discovery is a process which determines market prices, mostly through
interactions between buyers and sellers.

Confession: Since no human being is above mistakes, we

too may have some unintentional mistakes. We sincerely
apologize for all those mistakes and should be
correction as much as possible. Thank you!