Module 5 Final Teaching Prof First Sem 2021-2022

FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev.
0 10-July-2020
Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5
STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 5
Module 5 – The Teacher as a Professional
“Professionalism: It’s not the job you do, it’s how you do the job” - Anonymous
MODULE OVERVIEW
PD 1006 and RA 7836 professionalized teaching. While laws on the professionalization of

teaching could be legislated, we cannot legislate professionalism, which is the end goal of the
professionalization law. Although the professionalization law can help professionalism,
professionalism is, in the ultimate analysis, the choice, the decision, and the action of every
professional teacher (Corpuz, 2007).
In this Module you will learn what it meant to be a professional teacher. Lesson I discusses
the legal bases of the professionalization of teaching. It includes discussion of different laws
promulgated to help the future teachers become truly professional teachers. Lesson II deals on the
professional ethics for professional teachers; and public officials and employees. The lesson refers
us also to the ethical standards to be upheld by professional teachers, public officials and
employees. Lesson III focuses on the teachers’ welfare and privileges, particularly those provided for
in the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers. Lesson IV dwells on the teachers’ rights, duties and
responsibilities as stipulated in BP 232. Lastly, Lesson V gives an overview of the provisions of CA
578, empowering teachers as persons in authority.
MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. explain the meaning of profession and professional

2. compare PD 1006 and RA 7836, laws that professionalized teaching
3. clarify professional teachers’ rights, duties and responsibilities
4. enumerate professional teachers’ welfare and privileges
5. explain teachers as persons of authority
6. describe how the professional teacher conducts himself/herself in the practice of his/her
profession
7. demonstrate deep appreciation for the professionalization of teaching and for the teaching
profession itself
LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)
Lesson I. The Professionalization of Teaching

A. Decree Professionalizing Teaching (PD 1006)
In the last four decades, we have seen favorable developments in the teaching profession to
ensure “that all children have access to skillful teachers to make the teaching profession more
attractive to talented young adults, and to produce humane and intellectually lively learning
communities for both students and teachers” as Hammond, Professor of Education at Stanford
University says. What are some of these developments in support of the teaching profession?
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020
On January 1, 1977, Presidential Decree 1006, entitled Providing for the Professionalization
of Teachers, Regulating Their Practice in the Philippines, otherwise known as the Decree
Professionalizing Teaching was proclaimed. With this presidential proclamation, teaching became
professionalized in the Philippines. The proclamation of PD 1006 was premised on the following:
1. “The institutions of the country have relied upon . . . teachers whose direct and continuing
interaction with the young people and the children make them potent forces for the
development of proper attitudes among the citizenry;
2. There is a tremendous growth of the teaching population, comprising in the civil service
sector alone more than 300,000 teachers deployed all over the country;
3. To ensure that the immediacy and urgency of teacher recruitment, qualitative requirements
are not overlooked, it has become necessary to regulate the teaching profession;
4. Teaching requires a number of years of collegiate study, it is the only course that it is not yet
considered a profession; and
5. In recognition of the vital role of teachers in nation-building and as an incentive to raise the
morale of teachers, it is imperative that they be considered as professionals and teaching be
recognized as a profession” (PD 1006).
PD 1006 declared a policy that teacher education be of the highest quality, and strongly
oriented to Philippine conditions and to the needs and aspirations of the Filipino people. Along with
the policy that teacher education be of the highest quality, the Civil Service Commission and the
Department of Education and Culture jointly gave examination for teachers. Passers in the teachers’
examination were qualified for registration as professional teachers and were given the Professional
teacher Certificate. PD 1006 made a teacher’s license a requirement for teaching. The decree states:
“Three years after the effectivity of this Decree, whether in the public or private elementary or
secondary school, unless he is holder of a Professional Teacher Certificate or is considered a
Professional Teacher under this Decree. “ The question raised was, was the Professional Teacher
Certificate really made a requirement for entry into the teaching profession, three years after 1977?
The professionalization of teachers makes a difference for students' productivity, belief in the
norms of appropriate conduct, professional activity, self-confidence, and satisfaction with graduate
school. Through the professionalization process, graduate students also develop shared norms of
science that transcend any one discipline.
Despite the professionalization of teaching in 1977 by virtue of PD 1006, the quality of

education in the country appeared not to have improved. The findings of the 1991 Congressional
Commission affirmed the continuously deteriorating quality of education in the country. The
Congressional Commission to Review and assess Philippine Education (EDCOM) came out with the
finding that the “quality of Philippine education is declining” and that the teachers are “at the heart
of the problem.” The EDCOM found, among others, that:
- teachers are poorly trained;

- there is low quality of students enrolled in teacher training; and
- teaching is perceived as a poorly esteemed profession.
These show that teaching does not attract the best as mandated in the Philippine
Constitution that “teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents
through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment Article XIV,
Section 4(5).

B. The Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994 (RA 7836)

The government has long recognized the vital role of teachers in the development of the
nation. However, it was only when then President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Presidential Decree
1006 on September 22, 1976 when the National Board for Teachers was formally organized. This was
the first board to supervise the teaching profession in the country. All teachers back then have to
take the Professional Board Exam for Teachers (PBET).
On December 16, 1994, through the enactment of Republic Act 7836, a law entitled “An Act
to Strengthen the Regulation and Supervision of the Practice of Teaching in the Philippines and
Prescribing a Licensure Examination for Teachers and for Other Purposes,” otherwise known as the
“Philippine professionalization Act of 1994,” dictated that regulation and licensing of teachers was
transferred to the jurisdiction of the Professional Regulations Commission (PRC). This made the
teaching profession or teachers equal or at par with other professionals such as medical doctors,
engineers, lawyers, and nurses, among others.
R.A. 7836 (see Appendix C) also includes the supervision and regulation of the Licensure
Examination for Teachers (LET). It covers all teachers in all levels of education, from preschool to
secondary, whether part-time or full-time.
1. Article I provides the statement of policy, objectives, and definitions of important terms used
in the law.
2. Article II discusses the composition and functions of the board for professional teachers. It
also includes necessary qualifications of the members qualifications of the board.
3. Article III explains the examination and registration rules and procedures. It provides
information on the following areas:
a. Scope and Examination
b. Qualification Requirements of Applicants
c. Report of the Results of the Examination
d. Issuance of Certificate of Registration and Professional License
e. Oath Before Practice
f. Periodic Merit Examination of Teachers
g. Failure to Pass the Merit Examination
h. Incentives for Passing the LET
i. Integration of the Teaching Profession
j. Revocation of the Certificate of Registration, Suspension from the Practice of the
Teaching Profession, and Cancellation of Temporary or Special Permit
k. Registration Procedures
This Law recognizes the vital contributions of teachers in nation building and development.
Teachers are responsible for the development of good and literate citizens. It is the role of the state
to ensure quality education among all its citizens by professionalizing the practice of the teaching
profession in the whole country.
C. Amendments to Certain Sections of R.A. 7836 (RA 9293)

This Law is an amendment of certain sections of RA 7836 (Philippine Teachers
Professionalization Act of 1994). The Congress enacted this amendment on April 21, 2004. The
following are the amendments done:
Section 15, (e) of Republic Act 7836

“Sec 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants – No applicant shall be admitted to

take the examination unless, on the date of filing of the application, he shall have complied
with the following requirements:
(e) A graduate of a school, college, or university recognized by the government and possess
the minimum educational qualifications, as follows:
1. For teachers in preschool, a bachelor’s degree in early childhood education (BECED) or its
equivalent;
2. For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor’s degree in elementary education
(BSEED) or its equivalent;
3. For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor’s degree in education or its equivalent
with a major and minor, or a bachelor’s degree in arts and sciences with at least eighteen
(18) units in professional education; and
4. For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a bachelor’s degree in the field
of specialization or its equivalent, with at least eighteen (18) units in professional
education.”
SEC. 2 Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

“SEC. 26. Registration and Exception – No person shall engage in teaching and/or act
as a professional teachers as defined in this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or
secondary level, unless the person is a duly registered professional teacher, and a holder of a
valid special/temporary permit.
Upon approval of the application and payment of the prescribed fees, the certificate
of registration and professional license as a professional teacher shall be issued without
examination as required in this Act to a qualified applicant, who is:
(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil Service Commission
and the Department of Education (Culture and Sports); or
(b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the
Department of Education, (Culture and Sports) pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1006.
Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past five (5)
years shall take at least twelve (12) units of education courses, consisting of at least six (6)
units of pedagogy and six (6) units of content courses, or the equivalent training and number
of hours, to be chosen from a list of courses to be provided by the Board and the
Department of Education, before they can be allowed to practice their profession in the
country.
Those who have failed the licensure examination for professional teachers, with a
rating of not lower than five percentage points from the passing general average rating, shall
be eligible as para-teachers upon issuance by the Board of a two-year special permit,
renewable for a non-extendible period of two (2) years. The para-teachers shall be assigned
to areas where there is a shortage or absence of a professional teacher, as identified and
provided by the Department of Education and the Autonomous Region for Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM) education department to the Board for professional teachers and to the
Commission. The special permit shall indicate the area of assignment of the para-teacher.

A special permit may also be issued by the Board to a person who has excelled and
gained international recognition and is a widely acknowledged expert in his or her respective
field of specialization.”
SEC. 3. Section 31 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

“Sec. 31. Transitory Provision. – Special permits, with a validity of three (3) and five (5)
years, issued to para-teachers by the Board for professional Teachers before the
effectivity of this Act shall be allowed to expire based on the period granted therein:
Provided, that only special permits with a validity of three (3) years may be renewed upon
expiration for a non-extendible period of two (2) years.”
“Sec. 4. References to the term “Department of Education, Culture and Sports,” in Section
4 (a) and section 25, and the term “DECS” in section 20, of the same Act, are hereby
amended to read as “DepEd,” respectively.
LEARNING
LEARNING CONTENTS
CONTENTS (title
(title of theof the subsection)
subsection)
Lesson II. Professional Ethics

A. Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
In 1997, the Board of Professional Teachers adopted the Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers in the Philippines. This is to implement certain provisions of R.A. 7836, otherwise known as
the Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994 and paragraph (a), section 6, P.D. No. 232, as
amended. This Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers is essential in mentoring new teachers and
in ensuring that all members should practice their profession with utmost dedication and
professionalism.
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers

Preamble
Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possess dignity and reputation with high moral
values as well as technical and professional competence. In the practice of their noble profession,
they strictly adhere to, observe, and practice this set of ethical and moral principles, standard, and
values.
Article I
Scope and Limitations
Section I. The Philippine Constitution provides that all educational institutions shall offer
quality education for all Filipino citizens, a vision that requires professionally competent teachers
committed to its full realization. The provision of this Code shall apply, therefore, to all teachers in
all schools in the Philippines.
Section 2. This Code covers all public and private school teachers in all educational
institutions at the preschool, primary, elementary, and secondary levels whether academic,
vocational, special, technical, or non-formal. The term “teacher” shall include industrial art or
vocational teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in
all schools at the aforesaid levels, whether on full-time or part-time basis.
A review of the Preamble and Article I tells that teachers who have no license are not
included in the group of professional teachers.

All teachers both public and private in all levels from preschool to secondary whether they
are academic, vocational, special, technical or non-formal – are included in the definition of
professional teachers and are therefore required of a professional license and are subject to the
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
1. As a group, answer the following questions.

- Are teachers who have no license considered professional?
- What does technical and professional competence mean? (You may refer to the Lesson on the
Teacher as a Professional).
- Are private school teachers required of a license? What about pre-school teachers, vocational
teachers, ALS teachers, school heads, Education Supervisors and Schools Division
Superintendents?
2. By means of a graphic organizer present the various groups that are included in the word
“teachers” in the Code of Ethics.
Article II
The Teacher and the State
Section I. The schools are the nurseries of the citizens of the state. Each teacher is a trustee
of the cultural and educational heritage of the nation and is under obligation to transmit to learners
such heritage as well as to elevate national morality, promote national pride, cultivate love of
country, instill allegiance to the Constitution and respect for all duly constituted authorities, and
promote obedience to the laws of the state.
Section 2. Every teacher or school official shall actively help carry out the declared policies
of the state, and shall take an oath to this effect.
Section 3. In the interest of the State of the Filipino people as much of his own, every
teacher shall be physically, mentally and morally fit.
Section 4. Every teacher shall possess and actualize full commitment and devotion to duty.
Section 5. A teacher shall not engage in the promotion of any political, religious, or other
partisan interest, and shall not, directly, or indirectly, solicit, require, collect, or receive any money,
service, other valuable material from any person or entity for such purposes.
Section 6. Every teacher shall vote and shall exercise all other constitutional rights and
responsibilities.
Section 7. A teacher shall not use his position or official authority or influence to coerce any
other person to follow any political course of action.
Section 8. Every teacher shall enjoy academic freedom and shall have the privilege of
sharing the product of his researches and investigations, provided that, if the results are inimical to
the declared policies of the State, they shall be drawn to the proper authorities for appropriate
remedial action.
The Cambridge English Dictionary defines a “nursery” as a “place where babies and young
children are cared while their parents are somewhere else.” In horticulture, a nursery is a place where
young plants and trees are cultivated and grown.
Both definitions may apply to the statement in the Code of Ethics: “schools are the nurseries
of the citizens of the state.” Indeed parents leave their children in schools under the care of teachers

while they work. Like nurseries where young plants are cultivated and grown, schools through
teachers are entrusted with the noble task of instilling pride in learners one’s cultural and
educational heritage, love of country and in sowing the seeds of national morality.
These are many things in our Filipino culture that we can be proud of and are therefore
worth preserving and passing on to maintain Filipino identity, promote national pride and cultivate
love of country.
Every teacher is expected to be fit or else cannot perform his/her function. Pursuant to Sec.
22 (Medical Examination and Treatment) of RA 4670 otherwise known as the Magna Carta to Public
School Teachers, teachers shall undergo annual physical examination free of charge not less than
once a year during the teacher’s professional life.
As a professional, the teacher is expected not to take advantage of his/her position or power
to promote his/her own interest whether political nor religious, nor to solicit, require or collect any
money, service or material from any person.
A professional teacher violates Section 6 of Article II if he/she fails to vote for no justifiable
reason. Voting is teacher’s participation in the affairs of the state.
He/She also violate Section 7 of Article II if he/she engages in partisan politics. Teachers have
to preserve the dignity of the education sector by not engaging directly or indirectly in
electioneering except to vote. Engaging in partisan politics is teacher’s abuse of authority.
The professional teacher shall enjoy academic freedom so he/she can share the product of
his/her researches and investigations in support in the endless search for truth. However, this
academic freedom is not absolute. It has limits. If the research findings are damaging to the state,
the research results shall be submitted to the proper authorities for appropriate action.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
As a group, answer the following questions.
Article II
1. The schools are the “nurseries of the citizens of the state.” What are nurseries for? Why are
schools called the nurseries of the citizens of the state?”
2. “Each teacher is a trustee of the cultural and educational heritage of the nation and is under
obligation to transmit to learners such heritage.” In what ways can teachers do this?
3. In what ways can the professional teacher help elevate national morality, promote national pride
and cultivate love of country?
4. What steps do employers take to ensure that a teacher is physically, mentally and morally fit?
5. Cite actions of a professional teacher that violates Section 5, article II.
6. How can a professional teacher violate Sec. 6 and Sec. 7 of Article II?
7. Every teacher shall enjoy academic freedom. What does academic freedom mean? Is this
academic freedom absolute?
What is the professional thing to do?

1. Teacher B has a brother candidate for the mayoralty race in their hometown. The brother’s
opponent has very good chances of winning and so teacher B starts secretely campaigning for
his brother. Is this Professional?
Article III

The Teacher and the Community
Section I. A teacher is a facilitator of learning and of the development of the youth; he shall
therefore, render the best services by providing an environment conducive to such learning and
growth.
Section 2. Every teacher shall provide leadership and initiative to actively participate in
community movements for moral, social, educational, economic and civic betterment.
Section 3. Every teacher shall merit reasonable social recognition for which purpose he shall
behave with honor and dignity at all times and refrain from such activities as gambling, smoking,
drunkenness and other excesses, much less illicit relations.
Section 4. Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in the community, and shall,
therefore, study and understand local customs and traditions in order to have a sympathetic
attitude, therefore, refrain from disparaging the community.
Section 5. Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in the community informed
about the school’s work and accomplishments, as well as its needs and problems.
Section 6. Every teacher is an intellectual leader in the community, especially in the
barangay, and shall welcome the opportunity to provide such leadership when needed, to extend
counseling services, as appropriate, and to actively be involved in matters affecting the welfare of
the people.
Section 7. Every teacher shall maintain harmonious and pleasant personal and official
relations with other professionals, with government officials, and with the people, individually or
collectively.
Section 8. A teacher possesses freedom to attend church and worship, as appropriate, but
shall not use his position to proselyte others.
As a professional teacher, he/she is familiar of learning by ensuring that he/she provides a

favorable environment for learning. He/She acts as a leader by initiating and participating in
community activities for the benefit of the community members and the community as a whole. As
a community leader, he/she deals with other professionals and community officials harmoniously
and professionally. Because he/she wants to work with the community, he/she keeps people
informed of the developments in school. He/She does not take advantage of his/her position as a
professional teacher to proselyte. Neither does he/she criticize community customs and traditions.
Instead, he/she exerts efforts to understand them with sympathetic attitude. Above all, to be a
credible community leader, he/she earns the respect of the community by behaving with dignity at
all times and so will not engage in vices such asa gambling, smoking, drunkenness, and illicit
relations.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
LEARNING ACT
1. Below are key words which you have to locate in Article III of the Code of Ethics. Find them
and identify the section that contains the word/words.
- facilitator of learning - conducive environment
- leadership - harmonious official relations
- not use position to proselyte - disparaging the community
- social recognition - community informed

Article IV
The Teacher and the Profession
Section I. Every teacher shall actively help insure that teaching is the noblest profession,
and shall manifest genuine enthusiasm and pride in teaching as a noble calling.
Section 2. Every teacher shall uphold the highest possible standards of quality education,
shall make the best preparation for the career of teaching, and shall be at his best at all times in the
practice of his profession.
Section 3. Every teacher shall participate in the continuing professional education (CPE)
program of the Professional Regulation Commission, and shall pursue such other studies as will
improve his efficiency, enhance the prestige of the profession, and strengthen his competence,
virtues and productivity in order to be nationally and internationally competitive.
Section 4. Every teacher shall help, if duly authorized, to seek support for the school, but
shall not make improper misrepresentations through personal advertisements and other
questionable means.
Section 5. Every teacher shall use the teaching profession in a manner that makes it a
dignified means for earning a decent living.
Here are quotes on teaching profession which relates to the different sections of Article IV.
1. I wish I could persuade every teacher, to be proud of his occupation – not conceited or
pompous, but proud. People who introduce themselves with the shame remark that they are
“just teachers” give despair in my heart. Did you ever hear a lawyer say depreciatingly that he
was only a patent attorney? Did you ever hear a physician say “I am just a brain surgeon? I beg
of you to stop apologizing for being a member of the most important profession in the world.
Draw yourself up to you full height; look at anybody squarely in the eye and say, “I am a
Teacher.” – Will
2. “Good, better, best. Never let it rest until you good are better and your better is best.
- Tim Duncan
3. ”There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work and learning from
failure.” - Colin Powell
4. “Success is where preparation and opportunity meet.” - Bobby Unser
5. ”Self-respect is the fruit of discipline; the sense of dignity goes with the ability to say no to
oneself.” - Abraham Joshua Heschel
6. “There are two kinds of pride both good and bad. Good pride represents our dignity and self-
respect. Bad pride is the deadly sin of superiority that reeks of conceit and arrogance.”
- John C. Maxwell
The first quote relates to Section I, professional teachers should introduce themselves with
pride as professional teachers not a “just” professional teachers.
The second and fourth quotes relate to Section 2, making the best preparation for the
teaching career.
The fifth and sixth quotes in essence talk about self-respect which is the essence of Section 4
and 5 of Article IV, The Teacher and the Profession. The Code of Professional Conduct for Public
School Teachers cited in Section 7 of RA 4670 states: It (referring to the work of the teacher in the
development of the young) is a trust of which every teacher should strive to be worthy. Who uses
his position for an unworthy purpose betrays the trust.”

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
1. Develop an essay of at least 300 words which could convince the youth that teaching is the
noblest profession and being so deserves the best preparation and the best candidates.
Article V
The Teacher and the Teaching Community
Section I. Teacher shall, at all times, be imbued with the spirit of professional loyalty, mutual
confidence, and faith in one another, self-sacrifice for the common good, and full cooperation with
colleagues. When the best interest of the learners, the school, or the profession is at stake in any
controversy, teachers shall support one another.
Section 2. A teacher is not entitled to claim for work not of his own, and shall give due
credit for the work of others which he may use.
Section 3. Before leaving his position, a teacher shall organize and leave to his successor
such records and other data as are necessary to carry on the work.
Section 4. A teacher shall hold inviolate all confidential information concerning associates
and the school, and shall not divulge to anyone documents which have not yet been officially
released, or remove records from the files without official permission.
Section 5. It shall be the responsibility of every teacher to seek correctives for what may
appear to be an unprofessional and unethical conduct of any associate. This may be done only if
there is incontrovertible evidence for such conduct.
Section 6. A teacher may submit in the proper authorities any justifiable criticism against an
associate preferably in writing, without violating any right of the individual concerned.
Section 7. A teacher may apply for a vacant position for which he is qualified, provided that
he respects the system of selection on the basis of merit and confidence, provided, further, that all
qualified candidates are given the opportunity to be considered.
A professional teacher should work in collaboration with his/her fellow teachers. Gossip
destroys collegial relationships. It has no place in a professional community. A brotherly/sisterly
correction for what may appear to be unprofessional and unethical of an associate is an act that is
unbecoming of a professional.
Should there be justifiable criticism against a fellow teacher, the right resource is to submit
to proper authorities any justifiable criticism.
It is unprofessional for a teacher to apply for a position for which he is not qualified.
Professionalism demands that selection is based on merit and competence. It is likewise
unprofessional to divulge confidential information concerning associates and the school.
Give credit to whom credit is due. A professional teacher will not claim credit for work not of
his/her own.
In order not to jeopardize office operation or work, a teacher before leaving position, shall
organize records for his/her successor. Many a time a turn-over ceremony is well done but up to
ceremony only because records are ot organized and so hampers the continuity of operation.
In short, at all times, professional teachers shall be loyal to and trust and support one
another for the common good.
Article VI

The Teacher and Higher Authorities in the Philippines
Section 1. A teacher shall make it his duty to make an honest effort to understand and
support the legitimate policies of the school and the administration regardless of professional
feeling or private opinion and shall faithfully carry them out.
Section 2. A teacher shall not make any false accusation or charges against superiors,
especially under anonymity. However, if there are valid charges, he should present such under oath
to competent authority.
Section 3. A teacher shall transact all official business through channels except when special
conditions warrant a different procedure, such as when reforms are advocated but are opposed by
the immediate superior, in which case the teachers shall appeal directly to the appropriate higher
authority.
Section 4. A teacher, individually or as part of a group, has a right to seek redress against
injustice and discrimination and, to the extent possible, shall raise his grievance within democratic
processes. In doing so, he shall avoid jeopardizing the interest and welfare of learners whose right
tolearn must be respected.
Section 5. Every teacher has a right to invoke the principle that appointments,
promotions, and transfer of teachers are made only on the basis of merit and needed in the interest
of the secrvice.
Section 6. A teacher who accepts a position assumes a contractual obligation to live up to
his contract, assuming full knowledge of the employment terms and conditions.
It is unprofessional for a teacher to campaign against legitimate policies of the school and
administrations with which he/she disagrees. In contrast the professional thing to do is to support
the legitimate policies even though as a professional teacher one is personally against it. One must
exert effort to understand the wisdom of the policies of the administration. In the first place they
may not have become policies if they are not for the good of teachers.
It is likewise unprofessional to file charges against superiors undercover of anonymity. If
there is truth in the charges files against superiors, one should not be afraid to come into the open.
“The truth shall set you free.”
To transact official business through proper channels is the professional and ethical thing to
do. There are exceptions, however. When the reforms advocated are opposed by the immediate
supervisor, the teacher shall appeal directly to the proper higher authority.
To go on strike is unprofessional. True, professional teachers have a right to seek redress
against injustice and discrimination but should do it in a manner that does not jeopardize the
welfare of learners whose right to learn must be respected. Teachers going on strike adversely
affect learners.
Appointments, promotions are based only on merit and need in the interest of service in the
profession. Likewise, transfer of professional teachers is done on the basis of merit and need.
Transfer of teacher made because of school head’s prejudice towards the teacher is unprofessional.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
1. Let’s have a posttest. Do this individually. Answer with a check or an X. Is it unprofessional for a
teacher:
___ 1. to complain against transfer of teachers with whom the school head has prejudice?
___ 2. to be promoted based only on years of service?

___ 3. to transact official business through proper channels, no exception?

___ 4. to go on strike with his group to seek redress against injustice?
___ 5. to file charges against superiors under anonymity to protect himself/herself?
___ 6. not to support a legitimate policy with which he/she disagrees?
___ 7. to campaign against legitimate policies of the school and administration with
which he/she disagrees?
2. Come up with a ten-item True-False test on Article VI of the Code of Ethics. Provide a key
answer.
Article VII
School Officials, Teachers, and Other Personnel
Section 1. A school officials shall at all times show professional courtesy, helpfulness and
sympathy towards teachers and other personnel, such practices being standards of effective school
supervision, dignified administration, responsible leadership and enlightened directions.
Section 2. School officials, teachers and other personnel shall consider it their cooperative
responsibility to formulate policies or introduce important changes in the system at all levels.
Section 3. School officials shall encourage and attend to the professional growth of all
teachers under them such as recommending them for promotion, giving them due recognition for
meritorious performance, and allowing them to participate in conference and training programs.
Section 4. No school official shall dismiss or recommend for dismissal a teacher or other
subordinates except for cause.
Section 5. School authorities concern shall ensure that public school teachers are employed
in accordance with pertinent civil service rules, and private school teachers are issued contracts
specifying the terms and conditions of their work; provided that they are given, if qualified,
subsequent permanent tenure, in accordance with existing laws.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
Answer the following questions:

1. What must a professional teacher manifests as standards of good conduct?
2. How must a candidate for a teaching position be assessed for employment?
3. How do school officials promote the professional growth and recognition among teachers?
Article VIII
The Teacher and the Learners
Section I. A teacher has the right and duty to determine the academic marks and the
promotion of learners in the subjects they handle. Such determination shall be in accordance with

generally accepted procedures of evaluation and measurement. In case of any complaint, teachers
concerned shall immediately take appropriate action, observing the process.
Section 2. A teacher shall recognize that the interest and welfare of learners are his first and
foremost concern, and shall handle each learner justly and impartially.
Section 3. Under no circumstance shall a teacher be prejudiced nor discriminatory against
any learner.
Section 4. A teacher shall not accept favors or gifts from learners, their parents or others in
their behalf in exchange for requested concessions, especially if under served.
Section 5. A teacher shall not accept, directly or indirectly, any remuneration from tutorials
other than what is authorized for such service.
Section 6. A teacher shall base the evaluation of the learner’s work on merit and quality of
academic performance.
Section 7. In a situation where mutual attraction and subsequent love develop between
teacher and learner, the teacher shall exercise utmost professional discretion to avoid scandal,
gossip, and preferential treatment of the learner.
Section 8. A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment on offending learners nor make
deductions from their scholastic ratings as a punishment for acts which are clearly not
manifestations of poor scholarship.
Section 9. A teacher shall ensure that conditions contributive to the maximum development
of learners are adequate, and shall extend needed assistance in preventing or solving learners’
problems and difficulties.
Perhaps the teacher’s traits that are wished by most can be summed up in the words
“Caring,” “Compassionate” and “Fair.” Article VIII, The Teacher and Learner” of the Code of Ethics
describes the professional teacher to be such. Fair because he/she “bases the evaluation of the
learner’s work on merit and quality of academic performance;” shall not “make deductions from
learners such scholastic ratings, as primary scholastic” and “determine academic marks… in
accordance with generally accepted procedures of evaluations and measurements” and shall handle
each learner justly and impartially.
Should love develop between teacher and student, the professional teacher is expected to
be fair because he/she shall “exercise utmost professional discretion to avoid… preferential
treatment of the learner.” Teacher fairness is assured when a teacher does not accept favors or gifts
from learners or their parents in exchange for requested concessions.
The professional teacher is likewise described as “caring and compassionate.” Article VIII,
points out that the professional teacher has the “interest and welfare of learners” as his/her “first
and foremost concern” and “under no circumstance shall a teacher be prejudiced nor discriminatory
against any learner.” The professional teacher is also seen to be caring and compassionate when
he/she does not inflict corporal punishment on offending learners.”
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
1. How do you want your teacher to be? What are your WISHES for your teacher? Write them
down.
2. Based on Article VIII, The Teacher and Learners of the Code of Ethics, find out if your wishes
are those or not those that you read in Article III.
Article IX
The Teacher and Parents

Section I. A teacher shall establish and maintain cordial relations with parents and shall
conduct himself to merit their confidence and respect.
Section 2. A teacher shall inform parents, through proper authorities of the progress or
deficiencies of learners under him, exercising utmost candor and tact in pointing out learners’
deficiencies and in seeking parent’s cooperation for the proper guidance and improvement of
learners.
Section 3. A teacher shall hear parent’s complaints with sympathy and understanding, and
shall discourage unfair criticism.
Teacher needs to connect with parents, his/her partners in the education of the learner. For
the partnership to flourish, teacher shall maintain cordial relations with parents. This relationship
remains cordial if a teacher is sincere and tactful in reporting child’s progress.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
1. View How to: A teacher’s Guide to Parent Teacher Conferences at YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?video.
Do you agree with everything that was shared in the video? If yes, give at least 2. If not, state
that or those that you do not agree with and explain why you do not agree?
2. State 5 DO’s and 5 DON’Ts on how you should relate to parents for the sake of the learners.
Make sure your DO’s and DON’Ts are concrete.
Article X
The Teacher and Business
Section I. A teacher has a right to engage, directly or indirectly, in legitimate income
generation, provided that it does not relate to or adversely affect his work.
Section 2. A teacher shall maintain a good reputation with respect to financial matters such
as in the settlement of his just debts, loans and other financial affairs.
Section 3. No teacher shall act, directly or indirectly, as agent of, or be financially interested
in, any commercial venture which furnish textbooks and other school commodities in the purchase
and disposal of which he can exercise official influence, except only when his assignment is
inherently related to such purchase and disposal, provided that such shall be in accordance with
existing regulations.
Consider the findings of the study on teacher’s borrowing as shared by DepEd Secretary
Leonor Briones:
1. The propensity of public school teachers to borrow is 50% higher compared to other
employees of the government such as the police and nurses.
2. Aside from the possibility of not receiving any pay once they retire, public school
teachers may also suffer sanctions – from mere reprimand to revocation of licenses to
teach due to their unpaid loans. There are more than 500 pending cases versus teachers
filed by various lending institutions in the past 3 years. (Source: Merlinda Hernando-
Malipot, Why Public School Teacher Tend to Borrow. Oct 31, 2017. –
http://news,mb.com.ph

3. Teachers owe PHp 70 billion from legitimate lending institutions. (DepEd Sec. Leonor
Briones, https://www.sunstar.comph)
“Man does not live by bread alone,” says the Bible. Understandably, the professional teacher
need money to satisfy his/her bodily need. Article X, Sec. 1 of the Code of Ethics allows the
teacher to “engage in legitimate income generation provided that it does not relate to or adversely
affect his work or a teacher.” Section 3 also states:
No teacher shall act directly or indirectly, as agent of, or be financially interested in, any
commercial venture which furnish textbooks and other school commodities in the purchase and
disposal of which he can exercise official influence, except only when his assignment is inherently
related to such purchase and disposal, provided that such shall be in accordance with existing
regulations.
As said in the previous lessons, the teacher should live with dignity at all times and at all
places and be a model for all. So a teacher must… maintain a good reputation with respect to
financial matters such as in the settlement of his debts and loans in arranging satisfactorily his
private financial affair.”
If teachers live by the principles of self-respect and self-discipline as cited in the Code of
Ethics, there will no problem on teacher indebtedness and teachers’ unfavorable reputation of not
paying their debts. If a teacher lives simply, he/she will not be that indebted. To live simply, the
professional teacher must distinguish between his needs and wants.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
1. To counter teachers’ problem of indebtedness, cite proverbs (in Mother Tongue, highly
encouraged) that can serve as reminders for professional teachers not to live beyond their
means. Explain each and relate it to Article X of the Code of Ethics.
e.g. Hangga’t makitid ang kumot, matutong mamaluktot.

“Debt is a heavy burden to an honest mind, but thievish borrowers make light of it.”
“Spending is quick, earning is slow.”
Article XI
The Teacher as a Person
Section I. Every teacher shall with dignity in all places at all times.
Section 2. A teacher shall place premium upon self-respect and self-discipline as the
principle of personal behavior in all relationships with others and in all situations.
Section 3. A teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified personality which could serve as a
model worthy of emulation by learners, peers, and others.
Section 4. A teacher shall always recognize the Almighty God or Being as guide of his own
destiny and of the destinies of men and nations.
So much is demanded on the teacher as a person. He/She is looked up to as a model and

therefore walk her talk or ends up like a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. This is a big challenge.
His/Her highest obligation is to live with dignity in all places at all times, so 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week, 31 days a month, 365 or 366 days a year. He/She will never regret if he/she has made self-
respect and self-discipline as the governing principle in his/her relationships with all people in all
situations. With the Almighty God at the center of his/her life, the professional teacher will be
resolute in his/her intent to maintain a dignified personality and so can serve as a model for
learners, peers and all others.

The Code of Professional Conduct for Public School Teachers cited in Section 7 of RA 4670
puts it succinctly:
INTEGRITY: Since the teacher’s work is not confined merely to the development of certain
fundamental skills and abilities encompassed by the teaching of the 3 Rs but also includes the
development of desirable habits and attitudes that go into the formation of character, his manner of
living should provide a worthy example for his pupils and students to emulate, for his fellow
teachers to be proud of and for the community to feel as being enriched by it.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
1. Answer the following questions:

- What is the big challenge for a teacher?
- Are you ready to face the challenge?
2. There are more women than men in the teaching profession. Does this indicate that less men are
able to face the challenge of the teaching profession? Prepare a short essay for your answer.
3. Describe the teacher as a person based on Article XI of the Code of Ethics by way of a cinquain.
A cinquain is a five-line poetry composed of:
Line 1 – 1 one word
Line 2 – 2 adjectives that describe Line 1
Line 3 – 3 actions words that relate to Line 1
Line 4 – 4 words (feelings) that relate to Line 1 or a complete sentence
Line 5 – 1 word, a synonym of Line 1 or a word that sums it up.
Example:
Teacher.
Caring, compassionate
Questioning, listening, responding
I love her dearly
Idol.
Article XII
Disciplinary Actions
Section 1. Any violation of any provision of this code shall be sufficient ground for the
imposition against the erring teacher of the disciplinary action consisting of revocation of his
Certificate of Registration and License as a Professional Teacher, suspension from the practice of
teaching profession, or reprimand or cancellation of his temporary/special permit under causes
specified in Sec. 23, Article III of R.A. 7836, and under Rule 31, Article III, of the Rules and
Regulations Implementing R.A. 7836.
Article XIII
Effectivity
Section 1. this Code shall take effect upon approval by the Professional Regulation
Commission and after sixty (60) days following its publication in the Official Gazette or any
newspaper of general circulation, whichever is earlier.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

- Interview (through online or chat) some public and private school teachers. What are the usual
violations of the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers committed by some teachers?
- Considering the enormous expectations and responsibilities of teachers, what can the schools
and community members do to help and support them.
- What can teachers do to improve their working relationship with others?
B. Code of Conduct for Public Officials and Employees (RA 6713)

Republic Act No. 6713, also known as the “Code Of Conduct And Ethical Standards For Public
Officials And Employees, To Uphold The Time-Honored Principle Of Public Office Being A Public
Trust, Granting Incentives And Rewards For Exemplary Service, Enumerating Prohibited Acts And
Transactions And Providing Penalties For Violations Thereof And For Other Purposes was approved
on February 20, 1989 by then President Corazon C. Aquino.
It is an act establishing a code of conduct and ethical standards for public officials and
employees, to uphold the time-honored principle of public office being a public trust, granting
incentives and rewards for exemplary service, enumerating prohibited acts and transactions and
providing penalties for violations thereof ...
R.A. 6713 was a product of People Power. It ushered in a clamor for the restoration of clean
and honest government. It was also the time when Tita Cory was catapulted to the Presidency who
carried her fight by restoring Democracy in the country and advocating greater transparency and
accountability in public service.
Declaration of Policy
Public office is public trust. It is the policy of the state to promote a high standard of ethics
in public service. Public officials and employees shall at all times be accountable to the people and
shall discharge their duties with utmost responsibility, integrity, competence and loyalty; act with
patriotism and justice; lead modest lives; and uphold public interest over personal interest.
(Section 2, RA No. 6713) Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public officials and Employees and
Article XI, Section I of the 1987 Constitution.
Ethics in General – its meaning and application

Meaning
- investigates morality of human conduct to ensure adherence with accepted norms or standard
of behavior
- it is concerned with the righteousness or wrong doings of any individual manifested by his
actions and this is called morality
- thus, ethics and morality have the same application and meaning
Application
- If applied, anything that is right or wrong, in knowing whether our action is moral or ethical,
shall depend on a particular motive, the circumstances or the nature of the act itself e.g.
kindness
- It means, it is not only knowing what is right (morally upright), it is also in doing it (action).
- Ethical or Moral principles = (individual goodness + action).

- In essence, ethics and morality deal with the completeness of human self (self-respect) and
consciousness of human life (moral regard for the value of others. Simply stated, it is the
process of acknowledging one’s responsibility towards fellow workers.
When applied to government service, ethics seeks to achieve the core values, norms,
principles as part of a human discipline. It prescribes rules for human conduct bearing in mind our
roles and responsibilities as public servants.
Observance of Principles and Norms of Conduct for

Government Officials and Employees
_ Observance of Fairness – by respecting the rights of others and act with courtesy,
consideration, sensitivity, fairness and equity;
- Avoiding wastage of public funds and revenues – by using all government resources and
facilities efficiently, honestly and economically to avoid wastage of public funds and revenues;
- Desisting from taking advantage of one’s official duty – by not obtaining personal gain or for
any other person;
- Desisting undue favors on account of one’s office – by abstaining favors to family or relatives;
- Maintaining principles of accountability – by committing to the democratic way of life and
values;
- Upholding to Constitution and laws of the Republic of the Philippines – by outing loyalty to
country above persons or party;
- Upholding public interest – by upholding public interest over and above personal interest; and
- Utmost dedication to duty – by performing one’s duties with utmost dedication to duty with
the highest degree of integrity, honesty, excellence and professionalism.
RA 6713 encompasses the ethical norms/standard on how accountability in the service shall
be measured. The salient point of the law includes:
Section 4. Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees.

Commitment to public interest: Employees and Officials should put the public interest above their
own, that means honesty in usage of government funds and property and to be used for office
purposes only.
Professionalism: Government employees and officials should do their duty in a competent manner
just like in the private industry, as the general public would be the ones that would benefit from
the services offered.
Justness and sincerity: Public Officials and Employees are expected to have good morals. They are
also not allowed to discriminate by wealth.
Political neutrality: Public Officials and Employees are not allowed to discriminate by political beliefs
or ideology
Responsiveness to the public: Just like Professionalism, government employees should provide the
best service that they can provide to the public and assist them with any concerns that they
have. They should provide info that the public can understand clearly.
Nationalism and patriotism: Government officials and employees are required to be loyal to the
state, obviously since it is the state itself who is paying the salary. It is a crime to change
nationalities or apply for immigration during his tenure.
Commitment to democracy: As the Philippines itself has a democratic form of government where
authority is derived from the voting populace. Officials and Employees are expected to uphold

the constitution, recognize the superiority of civilian authority to military and put the country
above party lines or persons.
Simple living: As public servants generally receive lower salaries than private companies (Although
retirement benefits for retiring government officials are much, much better), they are expected
to live a lifestyle in proportion to their salary and not engage in extravagance like some
“instagram influencers”. This is why they need to submit Statements of Assets, Liabilities and Net
Worth, to check if there are any discrepancies.
These norms are enforced by the Constitutional office of the Civil Service Commission, the ones
who are in charge of the Civil Service Exams.
Section 5. Duties of Public Officials and Employees.

Act promptly on letters and requests: Government employees are required within 15 working
days to reply to letters, emails, phone calls, etc. Must contain the action taken on the request.
Submit annual performance reports: 45 working days from the end of the year, government
offices are required to submit annual performance reports as a basis to check the performance
of each office and to select outstanding officials and employees. These reports are available for
public viewing.
Process documents and papers expeditiously: All official documents and papers must be
processed and completed at a reasonable timeframe. No more than 3 signatories are required
and if that signatory is absent. The next officer would sign on his behalf.
Act immediately on the public’s personal transactions: Government employees must attend to
the public at all times.
Make documents accessible to the public: Non confidential documents should be available for
inspection by the public within working hours.
Section 6. System of Incentives and Rewards

The government offers incentives and rewards to performing government officials and
employees. This is based on the submission of Annual Performance Reports after the end of the
year. This is stated in of the act. The committee supervising this is the Committee on Awards to
Outstanding Public Officials and Employees. They are composed of the following;
Ombudsman and Chairman of the Civil Service Commission as Co-Chairmen. Chairman of the
Commission on Audit and 2 Government employees selected by the President of the Philippines
as Members.
Conferment of awards shall take into account the following:

Years of service
Quality and consistency of performance
Obscurity of the position
Level of salary
Unique and exemplary quality of a certain achievement
Risks or temptations inherent in the work
Incentives and rewards may take the form of the following:
Bonuses
Citations
Directorships in Government Owned and Controlled Corporations
Local and Foreign scholarship grants
Paid Vacations

The awardees are automatically promoted to the next higher rank with an upgraded salary.
In case there is no next higher position or it is not vacant, said position shall be included in the
budget of the office in the next General Appropriations Act.
Section 7. Prohibited Acts and Transactions

Doing these prohibited acts and transactions are considered unlawful under the law:
1. Financial and material interest: Public officials and employees cannot have financial or
material interest in their office, whether directly or indirectly
2. Outside employment and other activities related thereto: These are divided into 3 separate
parts. These acts are prohibited during their incumbency
a. Having a stake or ownership of a private enterprise that is handled by their office
b. Cannot practice their profession unless allowed by the law which should not conflict with their
current functions and duties
c. Refer any person to a private enterprise to any position which has pending or regular
transactions with their office.
These restrictions continue for 1 year after leaving the public office (for appointed public
officers only, not employees).
3. Disclosure and/or misuse of confidential information: Self-explanatory. If it is confidential info, it
is not to be disclosed.
4. Solicitation or acceptance of gifts: Officials and Employees cannot accept gifts during working
hours and if it involves their office. It is considered a form of bribery.
Section 8. Statements and Disclosure

As specified in section 8, the public has the right to know the following under oath.
1. Assets
2. Liabilities
3. Net worth
4. Financial and Business interests
They also have to include these four (4) of their spouses and unmarried children 18 years of age in
their SALNs. Those who are exempt from filing SALNs are:
1. Serving in a honorary capacity
2. Laborers
3. Casual or Temporary workers
Remember, SALNs and Financial Disclosure is two (2) separate documents that a public servant must
file. These 2 documents must contain:
1. Real property, its improvements, Acquisition Costs, Assessed value and Fair Market Value. —
Real property is your owned land plus house and any structure that you cannot move, or
whatever improvements made in that land that can increase its value
2. Personal property and acquisition cost — Personal property is the things that you own that you
have bought with your own money or assets. You have to file the acquisition cost, not current
value whether it appreciates or depreciates.
3. All other assets such as investments, cash on hand or in banks, stocks, bonds, and the like ; —
Self explanatory
4. Liabilities — Your debts or obligations owed.
all business interests and financial connections — All Business activities have to be disclosed

These documents must be filed:

1. Within 30 days of assumption of office
2. on or before April 30 of every year thereafter
3. Within 30 days from the separation of office
NOTE: Husbands and Wives who are both public officials or employees may file jointly or separately
SALNs and Financial Disclosure must be filed by these persons:
1. Constitutional and National elective officials, with the Office of the Ombudsman
2. Senators and Congressmen
3. Secretaries of Senate and the House of Representatives
4. Justices
5. Clerk of Court of the Supreme Court
6. Judges
7. Court Administrator
8. National executive officials under the Office of the President
9. Regional and Local officials and employees, along with the regional deputy ombudsman
10. Officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, with the Office of the
President, and those below said ranks, with the Deputy Ombudsman in their respective regions.
11. All other public officials and employees, defined in Republic Act 3019 (ANTI-GRAFT AND
CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT), as amended, with the Civil Service Commission.
As stated in Article 11 Section 16 of the constitution, these are the officials that would disclose their
SALNs publicly:
1. President
2. Vice President
3. Cabinet Members
4. Philippine Congress
5. Supreme court
6. Constitutional Commissions (CSC, COMELEC, COA)
7. Constitutional Offices
8. AFP officers with general or flag rank
Identification and disclosure of relatives. — You must disclose your relatives in the government.
Accessibility of documents. — The documents mentioned should be made available for inspection
at reasonable working hours.
They must be available for copying and reproduction after 10 working days from the time of filing
Any person requesting a copy of a statement shall be required to pay a reasonable fee to cover
the cost of reproduction and mailing of such statement, as well as the cost of certification.
SALNs and Financial Disclosures have a retention rate of 10 years, after that, they can be destroyed
unless needed in an ongoing investigation.
These documents cannot be used for any purpose contrary to morals or public policy or for
commercial purposes other by media for purpose of dissemination.
Section 9: Divestment
According to this Act, a public official or employee shall not have conflicts of interest. If it arises, he
should resign from his position within 30 days from assumption and 60 days for his shareholdings or

interest. Those who are exempted from this are the same as those exempted from filing SALNs and
Financial Disclosure.
Section 11. Penalties
1. Any public official or employee, whether or not currently employed who commits any violation of
this act will be subjected to a fine not exceeding 6 months salary or suspension not exceeding 1
year or removal, depending on the gravity of the offense after hearing. If the violation is
punishable under another law, if it has a heavier penalty, that would be charged and persecuted
under that law.
2. Violations of Sections 7, 8 and 9 (Prohibited acts and transactions, Statements and Disclosures
and Divestment respectively) are subjected to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not
exceeding 5000 pesos or both, and by the discretion of the court, disqualified from holding
public office.
3. Any violation proven in a proper administrative proceeding shall be sufficient cause of removal,
even though no criminal charges will be filed.
4. Private individuals who participate with these charges would be tried jointly along with the public
officer or employee, with the same penalties.
5. If any official or employee would bring a complaint to a person who violates the prohibited acts
regarding SALNs and Financial disclosures (Section 8D) will be fined not more than 25000 pesos.
6. The Civil Service Commission will be the ones responsible for enacting this law, while relevant
committees in the Senate and House of Representatives will review SALNs and Financial
Disclosures to ensure compliance.
Accountability of Public Officers

Article 11 of the Philippine Constitution contains the ways that public officials can be held
accountable. It also states the nature of public office in the constitution
Section 1. Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must, at all times, be
accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act
with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives.
As such, public officers and employees need to be accountable. Impeachment is one of the
methods in the constitution to remove an official from his position as high ranking officials are
immune to criminal charges and potential conflicts of interest may arise as the persecution answers
to the Department of Justice which is under the Office of the President. The Ombudsman may file
charges to a special court called the Sandiganbayan which handles cases of Graft and Corruption or
Municipal Trial Courts for other charges outside of the jurisdiction of Sandiganbayan.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

- What is the importance of RA 6713?
- What are the 8 norms of conduct?
- How does public officials and employees will perform and discharge their duties with their
highest degree of excellence professionalism intelligence and skill?
- How do you develop integrity and accountability?

REFLECTION
Self-Reflect
1. Why ethics is also called moral philosophy? Write your answer on the space provided below.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson III. Teacher Welfare and Privileges

A. The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers (RA 4670)
Former President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Republic Act 4670 during the first part of his
term as president of the Philippines. This law is very important in the history of the teaching
profession in the Philippines. As stipulated in Section 1 of this Law, this Act aims:
To promote and improve the social and economic status of public school teachers; their
living and working conditions; their terms of employment and career prospects in order that
they may compare favorably with existing opportunities in other walks of life; attract and
retain in the teaching profession more people with the proper qualifications, it being
recognized that advances in education depends on the qualifications and ability of the
teaching staff and that education is an essential factor in the economic growth of the nation
as a productive investment of vital importance.
Source: Section 1, R.A. 4670
Special provisions in this Act include the following:
1. Sec. 5. Tenure of Office. Stability on employment and security of tenure shall be assured of
teachers as provided under existing laws. Subject to the provisions of Section three hereof,
teachers appointed on a provisional status for lack of necessary civil service eligibility shall be
extended permanent appointment for the position he is holding after having rendered at least
ten years of continuous, efficient, and faithful service in such position.
2. Sec. 6. Consent for Transfer Transportation Expenses. Except for cause and as herein otherwise
provided, no teacher shall be transferred without his consent from one station to another, the
school superintendent who shall previously notify the teacher concerned of the transfer and
the reason or reasons therefore may affect such transfer. If the teacher believes there is no
justification for the transfer, he may appeal his case to the Director of Public Schools or the
Director of Vocational Education, as the case may be. Pending his appeal and the decision
thereon, his transfer shall be held in abeyance: Provided, however, that no transfers whatever
shall be made three months before any local or national election. The Government shall pay
for necessary transfer expenses of the teacher and his family if his transfer is finally approved.
3. Sec. 7. Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers. Within six months from the approval of this
Act, the Secretary of Education shall formulate and prepare a Code of Professional Conduct for
Public School Teachers. A copy of the Code shall be furnished each teacher: Provided,

however, that this is not possible by reason of inadequate fiscal resources of the Department
of Education, at least three copies of the same Code shall be deposited with the office of the
local school principal or head teacher where they may be accessible for use by the teachers.
4. Sec. 8. Safeguards in Disciplinary Procedure. Every teacher shall enjoy equitable safeguards at
each stage of any disciplinary procedure and shall have;
a. The right to be informed, in writing, of the charges;
b. The right to full access to the evidence in the case;
c. The right to defend himself and to be defended by a representative of his choice and/or by
his organization, with adequate time being given to the teacher for the preparation of his
defense; and
d. The right to appeal to clearly designated authorities.
e. No publicity shall be given to any disciplinary action being taken against a teacher during
the pendency of his case.
5. Sec. 9. Administrative Charges. Administrative charges against a teacher shall be heard initially
by a committee composed of the corresponding School Superintendent of the Division or a
duly authorized representative who should at least have the rank of a division supervisor,
where the teacher belongs, as chairman, a representative of the local or, in its absence, any
existing provincial or national teacher’s organization and a supervisor of the Division, the last
two to be designated by the Director of Public Schools. The committee shall submit its findings
and recommendations to the Director of Public Schools within thirty days from the termination
of the hearings: Provided, however, that where the school superintendent is the complainant
or an interested party, all the members of the committee shall be appointed by the Secretary
of Education.
6. Sec. 10. No Discrimation. There shall be no discrimination whatsoever in entrance to the
teaching profession, or during its exercise, or in the termination of services, based on other
than professional consideration.
7. Sec. 11. Married Teachers. Whenever possible, the proper authorities shall take all steps to
enable married couples, both of whom are public school teachers, to be employed in the same
locality.
8. Sec. 12. Academic Freedom. Teachers shall enjoy academic freedom in the discharge of their
professional duties, particularly with regard to teaching and classroom methods.
9. Sec. 13. Teaching Hours. Any teacher engaged in actual classroom instruction shall not be
required to render more than six hours of actual classroom teaching a day, which shall be so
scheduled as to give him time for the preparation and correction of exercises and other work
incidental to his normal teaching duties: Provided, however, that where the exigencies so
require, any teacher may be required to render more than six hours of actual classroom
teaching a day upon payment of additional compensation at the same rate as his regular
remuneration plus at least twenty-five percent of his basic pay.
10. Sec. 14. Additional Compensation. Notwithstanding of any provision of existing law to the
contrary, co-curricula and out of school activities and any other activities outside of what is
defined as normal duties of any teacher shall be paid an additional compensation of at least
twenty-five percent of his regular remuneration after the teacher has completed at least six
hours of actual classroom a day. In the case of other teachers or school officials not engaged
in actual classroom instruction, any work performed in excess of eight hours a day shall be
paid an additional compensation of at least twenty-five percent of their regular remuneration.

The agencies utilizing the services of teachers shall pay the additional compensation required
under this section. Educational authorities shall refuse to allow the rendition of services of
teachers for other government agencies without the assurance that the teachers shall be paid
the remuneration provided for under this section.
Source: Sections 5 to 12, R.A. 4670
Section 15 to Section 19 discuss the criteria for salaries and other benefits or allowance for
teachers. These allowances include Cost of Living Allowance (COLA) to help teachers augment their
income and cope up with the increasing cost of living. Also included is a Special Hardship
Allowances for teachers assigned in areas where they are exposed to hardships such as difficulty in
commuting to their place of work or other hazards peculiar to their place of employment.
In section 22 of this Act, a compulsory annual medical examination is required and it shall be
provided free of charge for all teachers before they take up teaching, and once a year during the
teacher’s professional life. An important provision was also stipulated in Section 23 whereby all
teachers are protected against the consequences of employment injuries which include the effects
of physical and nervous strain on the teacher’s health.
R.A. 4670 also provides opportunities for teachers to avail and enjoy study leave for those
who wish to pursue graduate studies and special trainings in the country or abroad (Section 24). The
law also provides indefinite leave for teachers who may be required to take long treatment for some
serious illness (Sec. 25). The law also stipulates that all public school teachers, having fulfilled the
age and service requirements of the applicable retirement laws, shall be given one-range salary raise
upon retirement, which shall be the basis of the computation of the lump sum of their retirement
and the monthly benefits thereafter (Section 26).
As professional, teachers are free either to form an organization or to join any local, national,
or international organization (Sec. 27). Their choice of organization may vary based on their interests
and specialization. Section 28 protects public school teachers from any form of discrimination such
as the following:
a. Make the employment of a teacher subject to the condition that he/she shall not join an
organization, or shall relinquish membership in an organization;
b. Cause dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a teacher by reason of his/her membership in an
organization or because of participation in organization activities outside school hours, or
within the consent of the proper school authorities, within school hours; and
c. Prevent him/her from carrying out the duties laid upon him/her by his/her position in the
organization, or to penalize him/her for an action undertaken in that capacity.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

- Do you think the provisions in RA 4670 are observed in all public schools in the country?
- What are the positive and negative practices on the systems of hiring, promotion, and tenure
of public school teachers?

- Interview a public school teacher (through online or chat). What are the benefits that he/she is
enjoying from RA 4670?
Lesson IV. Teachers’ Rights, Duties and Responsibilities

A. The Education Act of 1982 (BP 232) An Act Providing for the Establishment and maintenance of
an Integrated System of Education
Republic Act 232, otherwise known as the Education Act of 1982, was signed into law by the
then President Ferdinand E. Marcos. Sections 10, 11, and 16 of this law are helpful in understanding
the rights and duties of teachers.
Section 10. Rights of all School Personnel. In addition to other rights provided for by law, all
school personnel shall enjoy the following rights:
1. The right to free expression of opinion and suggestions, and to effective channels of
communication with appropriate academic and administrative bodies of the school or
institution.
2. The right to be provided with free legal service by the appropriate government office in the
case of public school personnel, and through the school authorities concerned in the case of
private school personnel, when charged in an administrative, civil and/or criminal
proceedings by parties other than the school or regulatory authorities concerned for actions
committed directly in the lawful discharge of professional duties and/or in defense of school
policies.
3. The right to establish, join, and maintain labor organization and/or professional and self-
regulating organizations of their choice to promote their welfare and defend their interests.
4. The right to be free from involuntary contributions except those imposed by their own
organizations.
Section 11. Special Rights and/or Privileges of Teaching or Academic Staff. Further to the
rights mentioned in the preceding Section, every member of the teaching or academic staff shall
enjoy the following rights and/or privileges:
1. The right to be free from compulsory assignments not related to their duties as defined in
their appointments or employment contracts, unless compensated therefore, conformably to
existing law.
2. The right to intellectual property consistent with applicable laws.
3. Teachers shall be deemed persons in authority to choose alternative career lines either in
school administration, in classroom teaching, or others, for purposes of career advancement.
Section 16. Teacher’s Obligations. Every teacher shall:
1. Perform his duties to the school by discharging his responsibilities in accordance with the
philosophy, goals, and objectives of the school.
2. Be accountable for the efficient and effective attainment of specified learning objectives in
pursuance of national development goals within the limits of available school resources.

3. Render regular reports on the performance of each student and to the latter and the latter’s
parents and guardians, with specific suggestions for improvement.
4. Assume the responsibility to maintain and sustain his professional growth and advancement
and maintain professionalism in is behavior at all times.
5. Refrain from making deductions in students’ scholastic rating for acts that are clearly
not manifestations of poor scholarship.
6. Participate as an agent of constructive social economic, moral, intellectual, cultural,

and political change in his school and the community within the context of national
policies.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

- How does the state protect the rights of teachers?
- Interview teachers (through online or chat). How do they perform their duties in the school and
in their specific community?
Lesson V. Teachers as Parents in Authority Commonwealth Act No. 578

Commonwealth Act No. 578 - An Act To Amend Article One Hundred Fifty-Two Of The Revised Penal
Code, So As To Include Teachers, Professors, And Persons Charged With The Supervision Of
Public Or Duly Recognized Private Schools, Colleges, And Universities, Within The Term "Persons In
Authority"
Persons in authority. ... "In applying the provisions of articles one hundred forty-eight and one
hundred fifty-one of this Code, teachers, professors, and persons charged with the supervision of
public or duly recognized private schools, colleges, and universities, shall be deemed persons in
authority."
Section 1. Article one hundred fifty-two of Act numbered three thousand eight hundred and
fifteen, known as the Revised Penal Code, is amended to read as follows:
"ARTICLE 152. Persons in authority. – Who shall be deemed as such. – In applying the
provisions of the preceding and other articles of this Code, any person directly vested with
jurisdiction, whether as an individual or as a member of some court or governmental corporation,
board or commission, shall be deemed a person in authority.
"In applying the provisions of articles one hundred forty-eight and one hundred fifty-one of this
Code, teachers, professors, and persons charged with the supervision of public or duly recognized
private schools, colleges, and universities, shall be deemed persons in authority."
Section2. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Enacted, without Executive approval, June 8, 1940

What does teachers are person in authority mean?
Deemed Persons. Teachers are Deemed Persons In Authority. Teachers, professors, and persons
charged with the supervision of public or private schools, colleges and universities, and lawyers in
the actual performance of their professional duties or on the occasion of such performance are by
law deemed as persons in authority.
Why teachers are considered as person in authority?

“Teachers shall be deemed persons in authority when in the discharge of lawful duties and
responsibilities, and shall, therefore, be accorded due respect and protection
Who is person in authority and agent of person in authority?

And since under Article 152 of the Revised Penal Code, an agent of person in authority is defined as
"one who is charged with the maintenance of public order, and protection and security of life and
property", it is therefore proper, if not imperative, to include security guards on official duty among
the “Agents of person in authority.”
What does person in authority imply?

Persons in Authority and agents of persons in authority Any person directly vested with jurisdiction,
whether as an individual or as member of some court or governmental corporation, board, or
commission, shall be deemed a person in authority.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

- How does the state protect teachers as persons in authority?
- What is assault upon a person in authority?
REFLECTION
Self-Reflect
1. What is the implication of the phrase, “person in authority” in the discharge of lawful duties and
responsibilities of a teacher? Write your answer on the space provided below.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMARY

So much is demanded of the professional teacher as a person. He/she is looked up to as

model and therefore must walk her talk or ends up like a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. This is a
big challenge. His/her highest obligation is to live with dignity in all places at all times so 24 hours a
day, 7 days a week, 31 days a month, 365 or 366 days a year. He/she will never regret if he/she has
made self-respect and self-discipline as the governing principle in his/her relationships with all
people in all situations. With the almighty God at the center of his/her life, the professional teacher
will be resolute in his/her intent to dignified personality and so can serve as a model for learners,
peers and all others.
Other laws, especially RA 4670, the Magna Carta for Public School teachers, give in detail
teachers’ rights, priveleges and bebefits. Likewise, Sections 10, 11, and 16 of RA 232, the Education
Act of 1982, are helpful in understanding the rights and duties of teachers.
The welfare of the teachers has been given much attention in the past years. The Philippine
Constitution guarantees that the State shall “enhance the right of teachers to professional
advancement;” and “ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best
available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment.
Commonwealth Act 578 amended the Revised Penal Code to include teachers, professors,
and persons charged with the supervision of public or duly recognized private schools, colleges, and
universities, within the term “persons in authority.”
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
Bilbao, P.P. et. al., The Teaching Profession. Third Edition. Lorimar Publishing. Quezon City 2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YjZqks7yDnA
Bilbao, P.P. et.al., The Teaching Profession. Fourth Edition., Quezon City. 2018
Ramos, P. Research and Teacher Education: A Philippine Perspective. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
https./do.org10
Pawilen, Greg T. Teaching Profession: Passion and Mission, 2nd Edition (2019)
Rex Book Store, Manila
Education in the Philippines

https://wenr.wes.org/2018/03/education-in-the-philippines
Laws and Policies on Philippine Education – Prezi

https://prezi.com>laws-and-policies--on-philippines-edu...
Education in the earliest civilization

https://britanica.com/topic/education/Education-in-the-earliest-civilization
History of Education
https://en,Wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_education
Legal Bases of Philippine Educational System

https://teachjerph.com/legal-bases-of-philippine-educational-system/
Disobedience of a Person in Authority or his Agent of Authority

https://www.hglaw.ph › blog › disobedience-of-a-person-i...

Module 5 Final Teaching Prof First Sem 2021-2022

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FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev.

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 5

Module 5 – The Teacher as a Professional

PD 1006 and RA 7836 professionalized teaching. While laws on the professionalization of

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. explain the meaning of profession and professional

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Lesson I. The Professionalization of Teaching

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

Despite the professionalization of teaching in 1977 by virtue of PD 1006, the quality of

- teachers are poorly trained;

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 2

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

B. The Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994 (RA 7836)

C. Amendments to Certain Sections of R.A. 7836 (RA 9293)

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 3

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

“Sec 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants – No applicant shall be admitted to

SEC. 2 Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 4

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

SEC. 3. Section 31 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

Lesson II. Professional Ethics

Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 5

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

1. As a group, answer the following questions.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 6

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

As a group, answer the following questions.

What is the professional thing to do?

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Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

The Teacher and the Community

As a professional teacher, he/she is familiar of learning by ensuring that he/she provides a

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 8

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 9

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 10

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

The Teacher and Higher Authorities in the Philippines

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 11

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

___ 3. to transact official business through proper channels, no exception?

Answer the following questions:

2. How must a candidate for a teaching position be assessed for employment?

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 12

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 13

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

1. View How to: A teacher’s Guide to Parent Teacher Conferences at YouTube.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 14

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

e.g. Hangga’t makitid ang kumot, matutong mamaluktot.

So much is demanded on the teacher as a person. He/She is looked up to as a model and

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 15

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5

1. Answer the following questions:

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 16

Study Guide in (Prof Ed 101 Teaching Profession) Module No. 5