ASSIGNMENT ON

Three Earliest Civilizations

&

The Key Things Civilizations

Must Have
ARC 121
SUBMITTED BY,
MAHMUDUR RAHMAN SHUVRA
REGISTRATION NO-2013345027

SUBMITTED TO,
DR. MD MUSTAFIZUR RAHMAN
PROFESSOR & HEAD
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
Three Earliest Civilizations

EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
• Location- Nile river
• Social Classes- Kings, Priests, Traders, Farmers, Slaves
• Economy- Farming, Crafting, Barter system
• Religion- Polytheistic, believed in many gods
• Government- theocratic monarchy as the king ruled by a mandate from
the gods
• Writing- Hieroglyphs
• Art/architecture- Pyramids, Mastabas, Sculptures, Sphinx

MAPOF EGYPT

HIEROGLYPHS
PYRAMID
Three Earliest Civilizations

MAPOF MESOPOTAMIA

ZIGGURAT
CUNEIFORM
Three Earliest Civilizations

TOWNPLANNING

MAPOF INDUS VALLEY

THE GREATBATH

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

• Location- Indus river
• Social Classes- Caste system
• Economy- Farming, making stone querns, spinning and weaving cotton
into clothes, making pottery, making tools and weapons
• Religion- Polytheistic, made up of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism
• Government- theocratic monarchy
• Writing- Ancient Dravidian language
• Art/architecture- Urban planning, Sewage system, Great bath
The Key Things Civilizations Must Have

• GEOGRAPHICLOCATION
The first civilizations developed in river valleys where people could carry on the large-
scale farming that was needed to feed a large population. As food became abundant,
more people would live in the city.

• GOVERNMENTSTRUCTURE
Growing numbers of people, the need to maintain the food supply, and the need
for defense soon led to the growth of governments. Governments organize and
regulate human activity. In the first civilizations, governments usually were led
by monarchs.

• ECONOMY
Economy of ancient civilizations was mainly based on agriculture. a percentage of
people in civilizations do not grow their own food, they must trade their goods and
services for food in a market system, or receive food through the levy of tribute,
redistributive taxation, tariffs or tithes from the food producing segment of the
population.

• RELIGIOUSBELIEFS
Important religious developments also characterized the new civilizations. All of them
developed religions to explain the forces of nature and their roles in the world

• SOCIALSTRUCTURE
Social structure was mainly based on economic power. Rulers and an upper class of
priests, government officials, and warriors dominated society. Below this was a group
of free people - farmers, artisans, and craftspeople. At the bottom was a slave class.

• LANGUAGE
Language was an important feature these new civilizations. Rulers, priests, merchants,
and artisans used writing to keep accurate records.

• ART&ARCHITECTURE
Significant artistic activity was another feature of the new civilizations. Architects built
temples and places for worship, or for the burial of important people. Painters and
sculptors portrayed stories of nature.