STORGAE TANK

PREPARED BY ENG: RAMY EL SAEED

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 Introduction to storage Tank

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 Tank classifications

The most important factor to classified tanks are to be according

to Design code
The most major Tanks design codes are-:
1-API 650
ƒ (Welded Tanks for Oil Storage)
2- API 620
ƒ (Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-pressure
StorageTanks)
3- ASME CODE
ƒ ( high pressure tanks)

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 1- API 650 ( atmospheric tanks)
- This Standard establishes minimum requirements for material,
design, fabrication, erection, and testing for vertical, cylindrical,
aboveground, closed- and open-top, welded storage tanks in
various sizes and capacities for internal pressuresapproximating
atmospheric pressure(internal pressuresnot exceedingthe weight
of the roof plates), but a higher internal pressure is permitted
when additional requirements aremet (see1.1.12)

- Internal pressuresthat exceed the weight of the shell, roof, and

framing but do not exceed17.2 kPa(2.5 PSI(g))

- This Standard applies only to tanks whose entire bottom is

uniformly supported and to tanks in non-refrigerated servicethat
havea maximum designtemperature of 93 Cƒ(200 Fƒ)or less

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 2- API 620 ( low pressure tanks)

‡ This standard covers the design and construction of large,

welded, low-pressure carbon steel above ground storage tanks
(including flat-bottom tanks)that have a single vertical axis of
revolution . This standard does not cover design procedures for
tanks that have walls shaped in such a way that the walls cannot
be generatedin their entirety by the rotation of a suitable contour
around a singlevertical axisof revolution .

‡ The tanks described in this standard are designed for metal

temperatures not greater than 250°F and with pressuresin their
gasor vapor spacesnot more than 15PSI(g)

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‡Appendix R covers low-pressure storage tanks forrefrigerated
products at temperatures from +40°F to 60°F. Appendix Q
coverslow-pressurestoragetanks for liquefied hydrocarbon gases
at temperaturesnot lower than 270°F

‡Low pressurestoragetanks store substancesuch aslight crude oil

, light naphtha's, pentane

‡Low pressure storage tanks are usually classified by their shape

the major typesare:
- Cylindrical shell
- Hemispheroidal
- Spheroidal
- Nodded spheroidal

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 3- ASME CODE (high pressure tanks)
- Applied for storagetanks that designpressureexceed15psi (g)
and temperature exceedthat specified in 1and 2 above suchas
spherical tank store the product which areliquefied gaseswith high
pressure, designedaccording to ASMEBPVCSECVIII

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 Atmospheric storage tanks
‡Atmospheric storage tanks are designed to store liquids such as
crude oil , gasoline and water .atmospheric storage tanks are
usually classified by the type of roof that is installed . The major
types of atmospheric tanks areasfollows:

- Fixed roof
- Floating roof
- Fixed roof with internal floating roof

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 Fixed roof
‡Fixed roof tanks arethe simplest type of atmospheric storagetank.
The roof usually in the form of a cone or dome

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 Fixed cone roof

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 Fixed cone roof
‡Cone roof tanks can be used up to 90 m in diameter and 20 m in
height . In larger diameter tanks , internal structural members that
consistsof girders , rafters and columns must be used to support the
roof .the fixed roof of smaller tanks may be designed to be self
supporting

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 Fixed dome roof

‡Self Supporting Domed & Umbrella Roof As tanks get larger

using the API codes it is often less expensiveto build a self
supporting domed or umbrella roof asin the abovepicture.

‡A sphere is the most efficient container to resist pressure.

Since a Dome roof is closer to a sphere than a cone the API
codesgive the designercredit for using a dome asopposed to
a cone. In other words we can often build a tank with a Dome
roof constructed out of thinner material than acone.

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 Dome roof

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 Dome roof

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 Floating roof tanks
Floating roof tanks are another common type of atmospheric storage
tank.
‡The design of floating roof tanks minimizes breathing losses of
hydrocarbon vapor when the tank is filed and emptied.
‡The floating roof eliminates a vapor space
‡The shell and bottom of floating roof tanks are similar to a fixed roof
storage tanks.
‡The most common type of floating roof is the annular pontoon type
‡The double deck type floating roof is used for very large diameter
tanks in order to increase roof stability
‡The tank is used for storing high volatile products such as crude ,
condensate and naphtha according to API 650

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Pontoon roof type

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 Double -deck roof

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 Fixed roof with internal floating roof tanks

Fixed roof with internal floating roof tanks usually consists of a cone
roof storagetank with a floating roof located inside
‡The internal floating roof may be constructed of materials other
than carbon steel , suchasaluminum .

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 Tank
Component

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 Component of storage tanks

yThe primary component of storage tanks are : -

1- Foundation

2- Bottom

3-Shell

4-Roof

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 1- Foundation
‡The foundation under the storage tank supports the tank and its
contents and elevatesthe tank structure itself abovethe surrounding
pit grade.
‡ The foundation must provide the required support under all design
load conditions. Depending on the application, foundations may be
composed of compacted earth or sand, crushed stone, concrete, or
combinations of thesematerials.
‡A concrete ring wall foundation is used for a large capacity storage
tank that imposes large weight loads on the foundation under the
shell.
‡A concrete ring wall foundation consists of a ring of concrete that
enclosesan areaof compacted fill material (earth, sand).
‡The ring wall provides a better distribution of the concentrated load
from the shell and produces more uniform soil loading under the
tank than doesa foundation that doesnot usea ring wall. A uniform
soil loading minimizes local tank settlement and the resulting shell
distortions
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 1- Foundation (Cont.)
‡API 650 foundation type: -
- Earth foundation without ring wall
- Earth foundation with concrete ring wall
- Earth Foundations With a Crushed Stone and Graverling wall

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 Earth foundation with concrete ring wall

1y- Foundation (Cont.)

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 1- Foundation (Cont.)

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 1- Foundation (Cont.)

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