Istanbul Technical University

Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Faculty

Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Department

Ship Theory
Project II
Stability of Vessel

Prof. Dr. Metin Taylan

R.A Selahattin Özsayan

Hasan Barış Yüksel

080170151
CONTENTS
1. Introduction

2. Calculations

2.1. Mean draft and moments

2.2. Hydrostatic and Stability Characteristic Calculations

2.3. GZ Values and Curve

2.4. Dynamic Stability of the Vessel

3. IMO General Intact Stability Criteria

1. Introduction

This report’s goal is calculating stability characteristic of a vessel and checking if it is suitable
for the IMO’s rule of general intact stability. There is a given conditions of a naval vessel. We
can go through this given values:

Length overall LOA = 26.82 m.

Length between perpendiculars LBP = 24.38 m.
Breadth (max.) B = 6.10 m.
Draft (Design) T = 2.19 m.
Design trim (between draft marks) t = 1.08 m. (by stern)
LCF (design) LCF = 1.23 m. (aft of amidships)
Displacement (design) Δ = 109.73 tons
Depth D = 3.05 m.

Weight: Weight LCG (m) TCG (m) VCG (m)

Load (tons)
item
Lightship 95.83 0.71 0.00 3.31
Cargo 0.40 9.55 0.00 2.25
Crew 2.70 -3.85 0.00 3.90
Stores 0.58 3.46 0.00 2.85

Fresh Weight LCG (m) TCG (m) VCG (m) Percen- FSM
water: (ton) tage (%) (t.m)
Tank
name
Fresh 3.37 -3.181 -0.840 1.298 95 2.81
water
(port)
Fresh 3.37 -3.182 0.835 1.298 95 2.79
water
(stb)

Fuel: Weight LCG (m) TCG (m) VCG (m) Percen- FSM
Tank (ton) tage (%) (t.m)
name
Diesel 1 3.93 0.605 -0.012 1.287 95 15.72
Diesel 2 5.03 3.100 -0.005 1.269 95 8.42
Diesel 1.41 4.726 -0.150 2.566 95 0.06
service
(port)
Sign convention:
LCG from amidships (- fwd, + aft)
TCG from CL (- port, + starboard)
Hydrostatic particulars at zero trim (t = 0.0 m):

Figure 1
Cross curves of stability (KN) at t = 0.0 m. and KG = 0.0 m.:

Figure 2

The drafts for full load condition are given below:

Forward draft (at FP) TF = 2.440 m.
Aft draft (at AP) TA = 2.394 m.
2. Calculations
2.1 Mean Draft calculations and moments
Mean draft:

Drafts
Tf 2.440
Ta 2.394
Tmean 2.4147

Using trigonometry to calculate mean draft;

𝑇𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝑇𝑎𝑓𝑡 + 𝑥
𝐿𝐵𝑃
𝑥 − 𝐿𝐶𝐹
= 2
𝑇𝐹 − 𝑇𝐴 𝐿𝐵𝑃

𝐿𝐵𝑃
− 𝐿𝐶𝐹
𝑇𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝑇𝐴 + 2 𝑥 (𝑇𝐹 − 𝑇𝐴 )
𝐿𝐵𝑃

All the given loading conditions summed in table and giving the total displacement. Also on
the table there is calculation of moments and summed as well.
2.2 Hydrostatic and Stability Characteristic Calculations

In order to find vessel’s stability characteristics, using calculated mean draft to extract needed
values from hydrostatic values (Figure 1). To do so, linear interpolation method has been
applied.

Moving on, these are the formulas to continue calculations of stability characteristics:

∑𝐿𝐶𝐺𝑚 ∑𝑇𝐶𝐺𝑚 ∑𝑉𝐶𝐺𝑚

𝐿𝐶𝐺 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑇𝐶𝐺 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑉𝐶𝐺 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 𝐶𝑂𝑅 − 𝐹𝑆𝑀

𝐹𝑆𝑀
𝐶𝑂𝑅 − 𝐹𝑆𝑀 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐺𝑀𝑠 = 𝐾𝑀𝑇 − 𝑉𝐶𝐺 𝐺𝑀𝑓 = 𝐺𝑀𝑠 − 𝐶𝑂𝑅 − 𝐹𝑆𝑀

𝑇𝐹 − 𝑇𝐴 180
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = arctan ( )𝑥( )
𝐿𝐵𝑃 𝑝𝑖

𝑇𝐶𝐺 180
𝐻𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = arctan (− ) 𝑥( )
𝐺𝑀𝐹 𝑝𝑖

From above formulas, getting these values;

STABILITY CHARACTERISTIC
LCG TCG VCG COR-FSM GMs (m) GMf (m) Trim Angle (°) Heel Angle
0.5716 -0.00258 3.29178 0.2555 0.5760 0.3205 0.108 4.60949E-01

2.3 GZ Values and Curve

To be able to find GZ values, KN (cross curve stability) and KG values are needed. Since KG
value can be taken from VCG, KN must be found also doing linear interpolation in given
cross curves stability table (Figure 2).

CROSS CURVES OF STABILITY (KN)

Δ (ton) 5° 10° 15° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70°
110 0.342 0.684 1.019 1.346 1.953 2.422 2.731 2.948 3.163
120 0.336 0.672 1.005 1.332 1.947 2.404 2.71 2.936 3.155
116.62 0.3380 0.6761 1.0097 1.3367 1.9490 2.4101 2.7171 2.9401 3.1577
 π
To find GZ values, formula is 𝐺𝑍 = 𝐾𝑁 − 𝐾𝐺 𝑥 sin(∅ 𝑥 )
180

Heel (°) KN (m) KG (m) GZ (m)

0 0 3.2918 0
5 0.3380 3.2918 0.0511
10 0.6761 3.2918 0.1044
15 1.0097 3.2918 0.1578
20 1.3367 3.2918 0.2109
30 1.9490 3.2918 0.3031
40 2.4101 3.2918 0.2942
50 2.7171 3.2918 0.1954
60 2.9401 3.2918 0.0893
70 3.1577 3.2918 0.0644

Here from this table, now plotting the graph can be done. Plotted graph is GZ values against
heel degrees.
2.4 Dynamic Stability of the Vessel

Knowing that the formula of dynamic stability is 𝐷𝑆 = 𝑊 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐺𝑍 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

Since the GZ curve is plotted, area under the curve can be found by applying Simpson’s Rule.
First of all, area under the 5 degree GZ is independent from the Simpson’s Rule because there
is only 2 point that can be used. Due to that area of the triangle is sufficient enough.

Heel (°) GZ (m)

0 0
5 0.0511
Area 0.002231

Notice that area is divided by 57.3 because turning the unit to metre-radians. Also other points
common interval is divided by 57.3 to turn degrees to radiant.

Other points calculated in these tables below:

Heel (°) GZ (m) Simpson Prod. Heel (°) GZ (m) Simpson Prod.
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
5 0.0511 4 0.20452 5 0.0511 3 0.15339
10 0.1044 1 0.104444 10 0.1044 3 0.313331
∑ 0.308964 15 0.1578 1 0.157756
Area 0.008987 ∑ 0.624477
Area 0.020434

Also indicating that in 15°, Simpson’s 2nd Rule is applied because of the even number of
points.

Heel (°) GZ (m) Simpson Prod. Heel (°) GZ (m) Simpson Prod.
0 0 1 0 0 0 0.5 0
5 0.0511 4 0.20452 5 0.0511 2 0.10226
10 0.1044 2 0.208887 10 0.1044 1.5 0.156666
15 0.1578 4 0.631022 20 0.2109 4 0.843502
20 0.2109 1 0.210876 30 0.3031 1 0.303136
∑ 1.255306 ∑ 1.405564
Area 0.036513 Area 0.081766
 Heel (°) GZ (m) Simpson Prod. Heel (°) GZ (m) Simpson Prod.
0 0 1 0 0 0 0.5 0
10 0.1044 4 0.417775 5 0.0511 2 0.10226
20 0.2109 2 0.421751 10 0.1044 1.5 0.156666
30 0.3031 4 1.212544 20 0.2109 4 0.843502
40 0.2942 1 0.294166 30 0.3031 2 0.606272
∑ 2.346236 40 0.2942 4 1.176664
Area 0.136488 50 0.1954 1 0.195445
∑ 3.080809
Area 0.179221

Heel (°) GZ (m) Simpson Prod. Heel (°) GZ (m) Simpson Prod.
0 0 1 0 0 0 0.5 0
10 0.1044 4 0.417775 5 0.0511 2 0.10226
20 0.2109 2 0.421751 10 0.1044 1.5 0.156666
30 0.3031 4 1.212544 20 0.2109 4 0.843502
40 0.2942 2 0.588332 30 0.3031 2 0.606272
50 0.1954 4 0.78178 40 0.2942 4 1.176664
60 0.0893 1 0.089287 50 0.1954 2 0.39089
∑ 3.511469 60 0.0893 4 0.357149
Area 0.204274 70 0.0644 1 0.064439
∑ 3.697842
Area 0.215116

Note: Added 5° values in some tables to make odd number of points to calculate.
After calculating areas, can be multiplied by Displacement which is 116.620 tonnes. All
values are gathered in one table:
Area under the
D.S
GZ curve °
0 0 0
0.002230808 0.260156797 5
0.008986741 1.048033699 10
0.020434457 2.383066363 15
0.036512674 4.258107995 20
0.081766368 9.535593823 30
0.136488403 15.91727755 40
0.17922099 20.90075187 50
0.204273959 23.82242911 60
0.215115889 25.08681499 70

Plotting the Dynamic stability against heel degree.

3. IMO General Intact Stability Criteria
To be able to make a comparison between attained values and required values that set by IMO
and defined mandatory. Giving the rules from IMO:

According to the International Code on Intact stability, 2008, the following criteria are
mandatory for passenger and cargo ships constructed on or after 1st January 2010:

1. The area under the righting lever curve (GZ curve) should not be less than 0.055 metre-
radians up to 30° angle of heel.

2. The area under the righting lever curve (GZ curve) should not be less than 0.09 metre
radians up to 40° angle of heel or the angle of down flooding if this is less than 40°.

3. The area under the righting curve between the angles of heel of 30° and 40° or between 30°
and the angle of down flooding if this angle is less than 40°, should not be less than 0.03
metre-radians.

4. The righting lever GZ should be at least 0.20 m at an angle of heel equal to or greater than
30°.

5. The maximum righting arm should occur at an angle of heel preferably exceeding 30° but
not less than 25°.

6. The initial metacentric height GMo should not be less than 0.15 m.

7. Severe wind and rolling criterion (weather criterion)

As it can be seen from above, table made for comparison and checking given ship is suitable
for voyages.

IMO general stability criteria

Required Attained
Difference % Pass/Fail
Value Value
Area between (0-30)° (rad.m) 0.055 0.081766368 48.66612343 Pass
Area between (0-40)° (rad.m) 0.09 0.136488403 51.65378104 Pass
Area between (30-40)° (rad.m) 0.03 0.054722035 82.40678352 Pass
GZ (m) at 30° 0.2 0.303135957 51.56797873 Pass
GM (m) 0.15 0.575983074 283.988716 Pass
Φ (°) at max GZ Min 25° 34° 36 Pass

In conclusion, attained values are passing required values and according to IMO’s rules, given
ship is suitable for voyages.