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BT
600
B
BB
300
AT
600
A
AB
300
400
Z
500
Y
Figure 3.1 Column location in elevation
Solution:
3.1 Load Combinations Since the column must be designed for earthquake
Load combinations derived from in both X direction and Y direction, all 13 load
recommendations of Clause 6.3.1.2 of IS combinations as shown in Table 1.4 (Example-1)
1893(Part 1): 2002 and given in Table 1.4 of need to be considered. It is necessary to check the
Example-1 are considered for analysis. column for each combination of loads. Checking
the column for all load combinations at all the
3.2 Force Data sections is indeed tedious if carried out by hand.
Hence, a computer program is best suited for
For column AB, the force resultants for various column design. In the absence of a computer
load cases and load combinations are shown in program, one can make a judgment of which two
Tables 3.1 and 3.2. or three load cases out of the thirteen may require
In case of earthquake in X direction, column gets the maximum reinforcement and design
a large moment about Y axis and a small moment accordingly.
about X axis due to gravity, minimum eccentricity Referring to Table 3.2, it can be observed that out
and torsional effect. Similarly earthquake in Y of the various load combination, one design load
direction causes a large moment in column about combination with earthquake in either (X or Y)
X axis and a small moment about Y axis. Column direction can be identified, which is likely to be
needs to be designed as a biaxial member for critical. These critical design forces are
these moments. summarised in Table 3.3. Table 3.4 and Table 3.5
0.9DL + 1.5 EQX -898 254 0 -704 -254 0 -691 260 0 -506 -223 0
0.9DL - 1.5 EQX -832 -253 0 -671 253 0 -658 -259 0 -494 221 0
0.9DL + 1.5 EQY -865 1 -297 -688 -1 287 -674 1 -291 -500 -1 249
0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -865 1 297 -688 -1 -287 -674 1 291 -500 -1 -249
Provide 10-25Φ + 4-16Φ bars with total The constant αn which depends on factored axial
2 compression resistance Puz is evaluated as
Asc provided = 5,714 mm
0.42 − 0.2
i.e., 5,714 x100 /(400 x 500) = 2.85%. αn = 1.0 + (2.0 − 1.0) =1.367
0.8 − 0.2
Hence, p/fck provided = 2.85/20 = 0.143
Using the interaction formula of clause 39.6 of IS
(b) Checking of Section 456: 2000)
The column should be checked for bi-axial αn αn
moment. Moment about other axis may occur due ⎡ M u2 ⎤ ⎡M ⎤ ⎡ 255 ⎤
1.367
⎡ 29.5 ⎤
1.367
⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ u3 ⎥ =⎢ ⎥ +⎢ ⎥
to torsion of building or due to minimum
⎣⎢ M u 2,1 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ M u 3,1 ⎦⎥ ⎣ 280 ⎦ ⎣ 350 ⎦
eccentricity of the axial load.
= 0.88 +0.04
Checking for Critical Combination with = 0.92 < 1.00
Earthquake in X Direction (Longitudinal
Hence, ok
direction)
Checking for Critical Combination with
Width = 500 mm; Depth = 400 mm Earthquake in Y Direction (Transverse
Pu = 1,475 kN direction)
Hence, ok
reinforcement required at AB and AT, and hence
3.5 Details of Longitudinal 2.8% steel is needed. Similarly, higher of the
Reinforcement reinforcement required at BB and BT, i.e. 2.4% is
Similar to the sample calculations shown in needed in the column at joint B.
Section 3.4.1, the steel required at AT, BB and BT Figure 3.2 shows the reinforcement in the
is calculated. The Tables 3.4 and 3.5 show brief column along with the steel provided in the
calculations at AB, AT, BB and BT locations. The transverse and longitudinal beams.
column at joint A should have higher of the
Load AB AT BB BT
Combination P M2 M3 P M2 M3 P M2 M3 P M2 M3
-1,803 2 0 -1,424 -2 0 -1,401 2 0 -1,031 0 0
Gravity
Critical
comb with -1,475 255 0 -1,163 -255 0 -1,140 261 0 -840 -224 0
EQX
Critical
comb with -1,442 2 -297 -1,146 -2 287 -1,124 2 -291 -834 -2 249
EQY
Load AB AT BB BT
Comb Pu M2 p Pu M2 p Pu M2 p Pu M2 p
f ck bD 2 2 2 2
f ck b D f ck bD f ck b D f ck bD f ck b D f ck bD f ck b D
Gravity 0.45 0.00 0.8 -0.36 0.00 0.8 -0.35 0.00 0.8 0.26 0.00 0.8
Critical
comb
with
0.37 0.16 2.8 0.29 0.16 2.4 0.29 0.16 2.4 0.21 0.14 2.0
EQX
Critical
comb
0.36 0.145 2.8 0.29 0.133 1.8 0.28 0.1455 2.2 0.21 0.124 1.6
with
EQY
Note: b = 400 mm and D = 500mm
500
500
2.86%
Reinforcement 8-25Φ+ 6-16Φ
at B Steel provided= 400 400
5,134 mm2 i.e., Reinforcement at A Reinforcement at B
2.57%
V
Vs = 237 – 181 = 56 kN .
u
0.18 × S × h × f ck ⎛ Ag ⎞
⎜ ⎟
Ash = ⎜ A − 1⎟
fy ⎝ k ⎠
h = longer dimension of the rectangular link
measured to its outer face
= ((500 – 40 – 40 – 25) /3 + (8 x 2)) + 25)
≥
= 172 mm, or
((400 – 40 – 40- 25)/2 +(8 x 2) +25) =188.5
mm,
Figure 3.4 Reinforcement details for column
Whichever is higher, i.e,. h = 188.5 mm.
The comparisons of steel quantities are shown in
Ag = 400 x 500 = 2,00,000 mm2
Table 3.8 for various detailing options.
Ak = (400- 2 x 40 +2 x 8) x (500- 2 x 40 +2 x 8)
Table 3.8 Comparison of bill of quantities of
= 336 x 436 steel in column
= 1,46,496 mm2 Description Detailing Detailing Detailing as
Assuming 8Φ stirrup, Ash = 50 mm2 as per as per per
IS 13920: IS 456: IS 456:
0.18 × S × 188.5 × 20 ⎛ 2,00,000 ⎞ 1993 2000 2000
50 = ⎜⎜ 1,46,496 − 1⎟⎟
415 ⎝ ⎠ (Seismic (Seismic (Seismic
loads as per loads as loads as per
Substituting we get S = 84 mm. R = 5) per R = 5) R = 3)
Link spacing for confining zone shall not exceed: Links (kg) 25 14 Column
(a) ¼ of minimum column dimension i.e, needs to be
Main steel 128 128
redesigned.
400 / 4 =100 mm (kg)
(b) But need not be less than 75 mm nor more CAUTION
than 100 mm. (Clause 7.4.6 of IS 13920:1993).
Note, however, that the column designed above
has not been checked for requirements related to