07/05/19

Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

EFISIENSI ENERGI DAN SUMBER

ENERGI TERBARUKAN

RENCANA PROGRAM DAN KEGIATAN Jurusan

PEMBELAJARAN SEMESTER Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Minggu ke- Pokok Kompetensi

bahasan
14 & 15 Energy Use •  Mampu menjelaskan keuntungan dan kerugian
and penggunaan sumber-sumber energi yang sudah
Renewable ada saat ini
Sources •  Mampu menidentifikasi pola penggunaan energi
masyarakat dunia
•  Mampu menjelaskan konsep efisiensi energi dan
cara-cara untuk melakukannya
•  Mampu menjelaskan sumber, keuntungan dan
kerugian energi yang terbarukan

07/05/19 Dr. rer. nat. Syafrizayanti 2

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 07/05/19  

Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

1.  Sumber-sumber energi

2.  Penggunaan Energi
3.  Efisiensi energi
4.  Energi terbarukan

Jurusan
Energy Supply – Yesterday and Today Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

From the French Revolution to the Early 20th Century

1 hp 640 hp

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What Major Sources of Energy Do Jurusan

Kimia
We Use? Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Wind Solar
Nuclear power

Jurusan
Nonrenewable Sources of Energy Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

wood coal

nuclear energy

Liquid petroleum gas petroleum oil

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Jurusan
Commercial energy use by source Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Jurusan
Coal Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

•  Coal has been used as the largest energy

resource, primarily burned for the production of
electricity and/or heat

•  Estimation of total coal production in

millions of tons by 2009
China (3,050 Mt)
Underground coal mine United States (973 Mt)
India (557 Mt)
Australia (409 Mt)
Russia (298 Mt)
Indonesia (252 Mt)
South Africa (250 Mt)
Poland (135 Mt)
Kazakhstan (101 Mt)
Colombia (75 Mt)
Surface coal mine •  And also the largest worldwide anthropogenic
sources of carbon dioxide releases

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Total Petroleum and Other Liquids Jurusan

Kimia
Production Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Jurusan

Kimia
Countries Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

In May 2008, Indonesia leaved OPEC

In January 2016, It reactivated its membership

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Jurusan
World’s Oil Supplies Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC)
•  67% of the world’s oil reserves
•  Saudi Arabia : 26%
•  Kuwait, Iran, United Arab Emirates : 9-10%
•  Latin America : 9%
•  Africa : 7%
•  Former Soviet Union : 6%
•  Asia : 4%
•  US : 3%

Jurusan
The 2010s oil glut Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

a serious surplus of crude oil that started in 2014–2015 and

accelerated in 2016, with multiple causes.

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Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

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Jurusan
NUCLEAR POWER Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

•  President of USA Dwight Eisenhower, 1953:

“Atoms for Peace”

•  Nuclear-powered
electrical generators
would provide power
“too cheap to meter.”

•  Between 1970 and

1974, American
utilities ordered 140
new reactors for
power plants.

Jurusan
Nuclear Energy Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Ø Fission
reactors

Ø Uranium-235
Ø Potentially
dangerous
Ø Radioactive
wastes
Fig. 15-35 p. 366

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Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Comparison of the Net Energy Efficiency for Two Jurusan

Types of Space Heating Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

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Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

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Jurusan
Evaluating Energy Resources Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

q  Renewable energy

q  Non-renewable energy
q  Future availability
q  Net energy yield
q  Cost
q  Environmental effects

2. How Can We Use Mineral Resources Jurusan

More Sustainably? Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

■ Do not waste mineral resources.

■ Recycle and reuse 60–80% of mineral resources.
■ Include the harmful environmental costs of mining and
processing minerals in the prices of items (full-cost pricing).
■ Reduce mining subsidies.
■ Increase subsidies for recycling, reuse, and finding
substitutes.
■ Redesign manufacturing processes to use less mineral
resources and to produce less pollution and waste (cleaner
production).
■ Use mineral resource wastes of one manufacturing process
as raw materials for other processes.
■ Slow population growth.

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Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Flow of Commercial
Energy through the
U.S. Economy

We waste huge
amount of
energy !!!

Jurusan
How Can We Cut Energy Waste? Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

1) Industry
2) Transportation
3) Buildings

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Jurusan
More Energy Efficient Kimia
Vehicles are on the
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Way

Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

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Jurusan
We Waste Huge Amounts of Energy Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Jurusan
Energy inefficient house Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

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Jurusan
Energy efficient house Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

How to save energy and money for Jurusan

Kimia
buildings ? Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

ü  We Can Design Buildings That Save Energy and Money

•  Green architecture

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Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

•  Living or green roofs

Jurusan
Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

•  Heat insulation wall

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We Can Save Energy and Money in Jurusan

Kimia
Existing Buildings Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

• Insulate and plug leaks

• Use energy-efficient windows
• Stop other heating and cooling losses
• Heat houses more efficiently
• Heat water more efficiently
• Use energy-efficient appliances
• Use energy-efficient lighting

Jurusan
We Can Cool Buildings Naturally Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Technologies available
•  Overhangs or awnings on windows
•  Superinsulation and high-efficiency
windows
•  Light-colored roof
•  Reflective insulating foil in an attic
•  Geothermal pumps
•  Plastic earth tubes underground

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Jurusan
Overhangs or awnings on windows Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Jurusan
Superinsulation and Kimia
high-efficiency windows Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

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Low energy house Jurusan

Kimia
appliances Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Energy rating for Fridge-Freezer

Energy chart

Advantages of Reducing Unnecessary Jurusan

Kimia
Energy Waste Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

How Can We Cut Energy Waste?

ü Prolongs fossil supplies

ü Reduces oil imports and improves energy
security
ü Very high net energy yield
ü Low cost
ü Reduces pollution and environmental
degradation
ü Buys time top phase in renewable energy
ü Creates local jobs

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Jurusan
Renewable energy Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

•  Solar thermal systems

•  Flowing water: Ocean tides and waves
•  Wind power
•  Hydropower
•  Tidalpower
•  Biomass from animal
•  Liquid Biofuels from plants and plant waste
•  Biofuel from micoralgae

We Can Use Sunlight to Produce High- Jurusan

Kimia
Temperature Heat and Electricity Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

•  Solar photovoltaic
•  Solar thermal systems
•  Central receiver system
•  Other collecting systems
•  Unfeasible for widespread use
•  High cost
•  Low new energy yields
•  Limited suitable sites
•  Sunny, desert sites

•  Solar-cell systems being built or planned in

•  Leipzig, Germany
•  South Korea
•  South California (U.S.)
•  China

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Trade-Offs: Solar Energy for High- Jurusan

Kimia
Temperature Heat and Electricity Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Jurusan
Woman in India Uses a Solar Cooker Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

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Jurusan
Solar-Cell Roof can Provide electricity Kimia
Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Solar Cells Used to Provide Electricity for a Jurusan

Kimia
Remote Village in Niger Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

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Commercial Solar Power Tower Plant Near Jurusan

Kimia
Seville in Southern Spain Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

Solar-Cell Power Plant in Arizona, U.S., Jurusan

Kimia
Is the Largest Solar-Cell Power Plant Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

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Total Costs of Electricity from Different Jurusan

Kimia
Sources in 2004 Dr.  rer.  nat.  Syafrizayanti  

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