What Happens to Consciousness during Wake and Sleep?

Read pages 199-212. These pages provide information about sleep and wakefulness,
sleep disorders, sleep as a conscious state, and the purpose of sleep.

DEFINE THE WORDS BELOW:

1. Biological clocks: an internal mechanism that provides an approximate schedule

for various physical processes

2. Sleep: a normal state of consciousness characterized by reduced awareness of

external stimuli

3. Waking: a normal state of consciousness characterized by alertness and

awareness of external stimuli

4. Circadian Rhythms: a daily biological rhythm

5. Major Depressive Disorder with seasonal pattern: a mood disorder in which

depression occurs regularly at the same tim each year, usually during the winter
months; formerly known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

6. Beta Waves: a waveform of 15 to 30 cycles per second recorded by

electroencephalogram that usually indicates alert waking

7. Alpha Waves: a wave form from 9 to 12 cycles per second recorded by

electroencephalogram that usually indicates relaxed waking

8. Gamma Waves: a waveform of more than 30 cycles per second recorded by

electroencephalogram that indicates attention to sensory input
9. Theta Waves: a waveform from 4 to 7 cycles per second recorded by
electroencephalogram that is a characteristic of the lighter stages of non-rapid
eye movement sleep

10. Delta Waves: a wave form from 1 to 4 cycles per second recorded by
electroencephalogram that usually indicates deep non-rapid eye movement sleep

11. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep: the component of sleep characterized by
waveforms resembling waking, as measured by electroencephalogram,
accompanied by rapid motion of the eyes, muscular paralysis, and sympathetic
nervous system activation

12. Non-Rapid Eye Movement (N-REM) Sleep: the component of sleep characterized
by theta and delta wave activity, as recorded by electroencephalogram, and deep
physical relaxation

13. Why does sleepwalking (Somnambulism) not occur during REM sleep? When
might sleepwalking occur? Sleepwalking does not occur during REM sleep
because your muscle are temporarily paralyzed while in REM sleep. Sleeping
walking could occur in N-REM sleep.

14. Make a list of the benefits of sleep:

● Boost immune system
● Promote growth
● Improves memory
● Strengthen heart
● Help to prevent weight gain

15. Make a list of the benefits of REM sleep:

● Boosts mood
● Helps recover from stress
● Helps fight depression
● Improves cognitive functions
 ● Improves energy

16. Dreaming: A mental state that usually occurs during sleep that features visual
imagery

17. Lucid Dreaming: a conscious awareness of dreaming accompanied by the ability

to control the content of the dream

18. Sleep Terrors: a sleep disorder occurring in non-rapid eye movement sleep in
which the sleeper wakes suddenly in great distress but without experiencing the
imagery of a nightmare

19. Insomnia: a sleep disorder characterized by an inability to either initiate or

maintain normal sleep

20. Narcolepsy: a sleep disorder characterized by the intrusion of rapid eye

movement phenomena into waking

21. Sleep Apnea: a sleep disorder in which the person sops breathing while sleeping

22. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): a sleep disorder in which an other wise
healthy infant dies while asleep

23. Restless Leg Syndrome: a disorder characterized by the involuntary movement of

an extremity, usually one leg