Lesson Synopsis

Theme: Translation of the nationally-based units

The aim: To teach the students the translation of the nationally-based units and to develop their
translation skills.
Aids: cards, blackboard
Lesson Body
I. Introductory moment.
1. Greeting. Good morning! How are you?
2. Conversation with the student on duty.
Who is on duty today? Who is absent?
II. Warm up:
a. current political news
b. asking the questions:
What do you know about nationally-based units?
How are they translated?
III. Asking the home assignments.
What were your home tasks for today?

IV. Introducing the new theme. Teacher's information.

What are nationally-based words and how to translate them? The words and word
combinations having no exact equivalents in another language are mostly “untranslatable”. To
these belong: 1. Realia – concepts pertaining customs, national foods, articles of clothing,
territorial divisions, weights and measures, forms of address and the like. 2. Exclamations –
that maybe articulated, emanating from the nations word stock, or onomatopoeic, stemming
from the phonetic structures of the particular language. 3. Diminutive usages – that may have a
variety of implications – belittling only or forms of endearment at the same time. 4. Derogatory
(augmentative) usages, often expressing specific associations with animals or other imagery
peculiar to the language. Equivalent-lacking words including culture-bound words, neologisms,
i.e. newly coined forms, dialect words, slang, taboo-words, foreign (third language) terms,
proper names, misspellings, archaisms, etc.
Exercise 1. Translate the given sentences paying a special attention to the nationally based
units of lexicon of Turkmen language.
1. Pişme – türkmeniň berekli saçaklarynyň ýaraşygy. 2. Meret ýoluň gyrasynda satylýan
waharmanlardan alman durup bilmedi. 3. Oba gelen syýahatçylar ýomut tahýasynyň
nagyşlaryny birin-birin synladylar. 4. Daňatar aganyň agtygynyň sünnet toýunda bişirilen
dogramanyň tagamy entek hem agzymdan gidenok. 5. Gelnalyjy gelen çagy toýuň dabarasy dag
aşdy. 6. Bu toýda ahalteke bedewleri çapdyrylyp, ýaglyga towsuldy. 7. Gyz-gelinleriň kakan
läleleri toýuň şowhunyna şowhun goşdy. 8. Leýli saçakdan bir döwüm çörek aldy-da
gapdalynda oturan Myratjana uzatdy. 9. Agalarynyň gelýänini gören Oguljemal haýdap gara
öýüň içine girip gitdi. 10. Harmanyň eýle tarapyndan eli küýzeli on-on iki ýaşly garajürjen
oglanjyk göründi. 11. Daşdan Meretgüliň gupbasynyň sesi eşidildi. 12. Deň-duşlary bilen aşyk
oýnamak üçin Meret daşa çykdy. 13. Düýn ejem kädi bilen et garyp somsa bişirdi. 14.
Gülýakaňy gül dek boýna, dakan çagyň ýatla meni. 15. Ejesi ýene ýüň daragy öňüne alyp
daramaga başlady. 16. Seniň käriň kyndygyna sözüm ýok, her çitimiň ajap bir şygyr. 17.
Handöwlet horjunyny egnine atyň günbatara tarap yolukdy.

Exercise 2. Translate the given sentences into Turkmen paying a special attention to the
nationally based units of lexicon.
1. Kilts can also be worn by women and girls. 2. The government is spending billions of dollars
on new urban rail projects. 3. The corridors are carpeted in tartan. 4. A penny saved is a penny
gained. 5. Traffic backups stretched for miles in both directions. 6. You should add four ounces
of sugar to it. 7. I prefer breakfasts of pancakes, blueberry muffins, eggs, and bacon. 8. A penny
soul never came to twopence. 9. Japanese investors once paid top dollar for the most glamorous
hotels and office buildings in the United States. 10. Anne prepared bacon and eggs for
breakfast. 11. Champagne is often drunk to celebrate something. 12. At lunch, there was fruit
salad and his favourite pudding. 13. Holy Week is celebrated the week before Easter. 14. Giada
uses the flavors of Spain in a spaghetti paella with authentic taste.

V. Giving home assignments.

• Exercise 2.
VI. Evaluation of students' knowledge.
Comment on students' marks.