Professional Documents
Culture Documents
net/publication/342109338
CITATIONS READS
0 479
2 authors:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Theories of architecture: Revolting and drafting for a contemporary architectural compass (architecture between 1954- now) ¨ View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Amjad Almusaed on 11 June 2020.
'( ) 1969 $ % &
! .
!
"
"#
Neil " %
#+ *"
/
/
(
0'# 1 !#
, *+
2
5
4 1#" 2 23 4
1 , ."Armstrong
"
"7 "
& "' ،0#
6#
"
*:
! "
"
1 , + 4#8
9 * .&
8
0= .!#
<
5" 1 "
"
;
$ !
!"
+ 23 1 , ?+
8
4: :
">
( "
A#
""
@ :: A5
* 5" $"
! $#
'
( *
& .
C#
""
"
B#
Suzanne " !#"# !
;# "Joan Kron" ! ! !""= 4
.*;
4
=
;
'
:"
"
# ،"Slesin
High Tech: The Industrial Style and Source Book for "
D= D3 D" =
! / *EC ! 4
0" ."The Home
"
=
""#E
":8
*;
4=+ !""
!"#
2
!"=
5
" C#" 0'=
( $
9 *
.
D !"
4"
8
&, " 2"
"
8
9 !#
5";
D=
."
53
"
DC
ϭϵϳ
High + " "
+
!" ! !" "
"
"
!
?#
( "Technology = High-tech
0'= ! "
"
3
+ ( =
!
+ .*
+ "Materials + Technique" "
+ 5
G
" "
"
0'= 1 , *" 0'=
! "=
"
:
= *
*8
)" ( "Sophisticated Technique" 5'
5
* "
"
.
<
H
B
#
6 9" 2
2 !
( ":
!
4" .
=
* ! " DC
$
"Building"
0'= !
" 4" ""
'<
" :
)
= "
C#
$"'
!" & ."Architecture" 5
*
=
I 9 *
2(+ 5
*" 0'= .
* ( ;
'
( ! (8
=
#
<
4' JC
? 2
.;
!" ;
&<
4" B ""3
KB"
=
" E ."#
$ " !
" ##+ : "
./( M'
:
ϭϵϴ
(1)
5 :"7
!
" ?>
C
! &
N( #
!"# $
?+ *":
=
" *: *"
.!"
! "
@O
6= K"
) " "architectural style"
;
'
)" ;
' 2
!"==C
@ $
" " .
;
' IE=<
""O
@C 23
' "#
"Structural Expressionism" ""2
""
0'=
Late " 5C
@
$"#" 5
"
*"2
1
;
'
23 & ."
"
! $
2#" ;
'
"Modernism
*
*=
'
) 9
!
!
"#
*= * 5" "/:
,
*
C#
"
3
+ "
* " 6 "2
B
6"
E B
!
=
'
*
"
#
4#
"=
C "
*
?
& .5
)' C "#
2
*:8
* 8
( .
:
1#"
D "O
;
'
9
( !" E=
2 K
."" O 1 ,
*" # "Brutalism"
ϭϵϵ
!
" ! "Brutalism" :
1#"
D "O
;
'
* !"
P
B
! "/:
<
N=
*EC !
;
! ."C
+ "C
#
#
*
"3
!
5=
!
; (
=
*": /"( *:
": *
( 1 .;
'
( (
2/C, 7
"Futurism" "#
2 9 . =8
= #
(
<
*
5"
"
&+
O":B
# !
"
" 9
( 9
!
"
! C#
"
<
"
=
*" " ! "Archigram"
&
;
'
( 23 " !" .("7 H;
B
”Postmodernism“
"Modernism"
!"
!
"#
5
N( ) .*=
# !"
!"
!
"
5 + .5;" C "
, "
# 2 *3 ،
5
" ! " "
C#
" $" :
*/#
(
! ( * ":
! "3
*
"
"
= =
&, !
A;
'
( 2"
#
;
<
2#+
"=
* 5 *C /
1 5& $
;
'
( '
" 5=
"
.N"O 2
"
#B
ϮϬϬ
:
.!"#
$ " % &'
' :
.) $ , -. " / $ *+ () $ !
0& 1 ) & $
$ )
:
) 1 / 5/6 42 " . ".
3
.8
3 &' -7
. 2 9
3: $ ) ! &' $
; &' .) % "
$ $ ,
;"= 12 : %/"= ! = < %
) 1 ,& % !
," $ ,/ ,. " 1 $/
1: /" %"/" % ! 5"
+ 4>?/ "
@ %$
/ ! ! $ 0& # $ ,
" &' .
. ,/< ,& / < .6 -
*+ !
, 7 A2 : ; : 0$ ) % .
A ! &' B!9$ !/ $ 0$ 9 . $
$ 4
,
, " < */ 9 2
C2 ;$ %
! 1 : ! D $(9 3 $ %
.!'
. ') $ " image "
. $
F/ ! */ !$ ! -
8# .
"
$ ; " ! '$ G
!$
1 ,
$" . .1
"
C 0& H<
ϮϬϭ
= ! F/ $ ! !. I F/ -G
/ !"alternative technology" /
9 / (G
! 5 . " %
! &<7 %
$(9 ) # &' $ @
! ?/ < 9 $ $
!"
,
J 5" 0& ،
. $
%
?/ < #. $ . = .(Colin Davies 1988) %
/ < ! F/ C !.
' .< 0$ )
!
) F/ !& 3 !
!$. %/
? . $
= "High Tech" D 0 /
F/ &' . ! . ,3 . 12 ?/ <
.$
0$ % L" !
/ "
$ 3 # &' .) $ )
."Gothic" ) =
< % ; $ %
:(: M" *
"High-tech architecture"
High " D 0 *
$ @ = ?$ 2 " !
! 0 *
$ $
= "Tech
H) = &3. ! ! ! ?$ # &' .&
H
/ - $ ! .
9
# ! '@
/$ 5 D/ $ . /< .# " /
G< ! : & ;"# D . .
/$ < " !
,$/ ! .I / !$ !
: .(Ralf Daab 2009) < ) $ $ .
ϮϬϮ
$ ! " / :
< /$ @ .7 3M'
= *+ -G
G /'= 0& # N< /$ 1 ,&
) &' & .
' M" * .N<
O# ! '@ !
" *+ !
/ $ ! ! M" &' */
5 !
"3 = 9 ! !
.
! ,/
2
*/ : ). ."Archigram" 693 $ " ,/
.
$ " . ) &' , C2 " !
' ' ;"=
-" !M" */ 2 ! * .$
.) &' ,) , /$
P$ -
/
. ,/
H2
*+
2 &' .
!
! / -/
!
.(# ' G< ! 2 ! ,
"
$ &' D/
$ ! $ C *" '
$ C. .$ /(" &' ,/
;$ 0&
0& # .$ =
! ) &' $
G: %
/$ ! , D/ &<Q ) &' $ */
9
'
. < . J < "G
.<R "
' .'@ 3
< " . "G $ !
3
/ 5 & "
$ .
"
<
/ ! '@ ;
"< .
/ .
%
H) &3 %G< ! ?
<
."O $
ϮϬϯ
! . ) &' $ % M" &' */ 5 !
+ ! . .
! ) '
$
. $. 1 $ . @ . !) $
,2 D/ < " < ! ?( D/
! $
' $ .) ! ! $ 2
; 3 .(Colin Davies 1988) "
D&
"
3
! $ /
% ! ! 3 $ ! . !
'
. ) !. -
& . "
,
$ !
$ "High Tech" $
$
: ,& ,79
&
*/ $. .
' $ C ! / @ 5
3 $"
$/ / 0) !.
' .(9
+
/$ A&
D& ' , = &3 < " $ $
!.
' . - 0& / < :3 /
$ D/ , $ ,& $ 3 ?$ D& -. $
= :
!) ) <
: $ ( "Le Corbusier" %) $. . */
,= &+
$ Q != ! 4. S$/ R %
*/ !" ?
= */ ! T % L= &+
$ *
!T. D& ! T
3 " =
< " !" : . %
.%
High Tech " $
%9
.9 3
9# $ " ! $ ،/ . 3 "architecture
, < " ! ،%/ % . )
!(
= H) !$
H
+ .
ϮϬϰ
,< ) ,= , , D/ .D "G
! 3 ) &' !
. .(Colin Davies 1988) $
'
1 * = .$
/$ -.
. /9 ! )/ )= = ,"
/ ()
. 9 .H
/ :
$ ,&
+
. ' '"High Tech architecture" $
= D 0
$ F/ *+ $ 0& 8#
9
$
< " @ . < ,$ U &
*+ # %
.$ ,2
&' $
%
!#
.
,
1/" H
+ - (" ;
*/ $ &<
9 $/" H
!+ . !
1/" H
+ !
?G <3 !
.1/" ! '@ = ," H
+ < / 1 !G H
+
! D'
)
$: 1
% 0$ J
9 /
.
12< .
. ?/ < 0& ،1/"/ 2 .3 $
=
" /$ D/ , 9 : < /$ /
1
! = 9 . $
+ D& "
# &' &
/ . 9 : J(
! .# D/
9 $ . H
3 , ! .
1/"/ "
?/ <
$ ! " / $ " 5/
D/ 9
D/ < " 1 -. != 5 0& "
/$ '$ .
< " '. ! L " . 5/ # &' ,2
.(Ralf Daab 2009) ,2 D/
ϮϬϱ
.< $
-. ! 9
5= &.
$
V
( ! ) ,/ $2< !
'
.
1 -. = $ A &' .A@ "
$
High " $
) $ ?'= ' ! != .H
3 ;
3 " *+ $ ' 5/ . ' "Tech architecture
D& $ $ ! '@ = "G " /
.
/ P< ,
<2 R
7 $
-/<
C 3 :
! " ! $
$
$.
. :3 : DG " ,/ 12< 0 0
-
. H
3 9 .9 5 + .
:$
$ D& -" H
3 (" ,
C &' . ;"= ()
9
<
'
$ , , %
C ! J
$
/9 " $ " -.
High Tech " $
' ! !.
'
$ */ $
-" */ "architecture
!. L& ،$
$ D/ < " ,/ / '. L
% -. $ , . /< ,
/$ D/
! !(" ,/ 2= &' .,/ ! !$
9$ (
% = G : -
N/ ""
$ *+ 5/ : " */$. .(Colin Davies 1988)
D& 0 5" = ! : . " . &.
$
ϮϬϲ
L "Aesthetic" !.
' .2 =
D& / 0$ ! () 0$
$ ! "
/ ! ? .
' $ < .
$ .
./
= ,
/
((*
()
,</ P$ = $ 79
/
/ P$ !
. .D 0 . / + ," ! !$ 5
! !
' .0 ' 7 12 D/ !2$ D 0 $
! ,'# "/" " . ,/ < : , D/ ! *+ 9
ϮϬϳ
$ &3 * .(9
$/
?( $
,
$
. : < D
' .) &' . 3 # (9
!$ !# -
$ )+ $ ' ) &' L
!2= . $ , ، .<) 2
-.
9 ,& , P )+ .$
/ / ,$ .2+ ./
# -. ?" " ?"
.," = < L " */ "
(2)
ϮϬϴ
Y + . ' A&' . 5/ .$
%
!
,
*/ M &' ,7 = ?:
(9
+
0 ) $ 9 ! $ ,+ ,G2$ D/ ) L
9
!9 # D& .$. " & /$
= !
$ D/ )$ < ,$ 5/
T. .9 &3
)$. .-/ /" ,7 ! % -/ <
. ""= 5/ < % ! ,
.$
.
- .
- +
, &'
;"#
! "High Tech building" $
$
.
' . !) - 9 ,G2$ $ 0& &3 */
, ( <
, ,& < 9 /6
D/ .!$ ?G < ?/ < : Y -. < ,G
?( *" &'
! 8
& ) @ $
'"High Tech architecture" $
$ )
&' ,@ -. $ ,2 &
. .) &' : ;"= ;$
)
0& 0 $ */ $ )
" */ $ 3 .
8 -. ,@ . )
. < /
" 5/
) @9 69 !
/ @ . .
$ ' "High Tech style" $
= D 0
*/ 2$ "
*/ ,2 9 . .) "
$ .2 .
!( 0$ ! !
ϮϬϵ
$ @ $
$ ,
." ,G
!
C2 $
$ $ */ : D 0
, */ ) ,G ,< " : . /< ,2
< G" .2+ , /
! $
) 9
! . ,2 < $ "
، " 9 %/ 5/6 0& $ ! $ " 9 !. :"/
High Tech " $
,G9 ) " '
, < " . 2= A &' ."architecture
P:
- 3 ،:"/ 5 9 ,$ ! ?<
,2/ " 9= ! *+ 0& $ 9
High Tech " $
. <# ) = ./<
G. .,2 ,2 ,G9 .
" . "architecture
5"
,G9 . C 9 + /
,2 " $ . !"
: ! @ D&
1 J
< ,2 ! .
.(Ralf Daab 2009)
N</ .," . . '
"( ,2
!" %G< ! ! .(1)"omniplatz" ; G
3 F/ . 82
/6 " ! 2 ! !
M 3 ) &' $. .12
.< = /< ! ! !
<
! =
! . 0 C 3 L " $ ,< ! % $ !
ϮϭϬ
D& */ /# ) ! '@
= = 2 G<
) $ 0& ; . . "Centre Pompidou" )
! / < < ,2. P$ ? 9 ?( $
) $ ?( 1) .
. . G$ ! ! 5 ?( $
D&
9 ،"High Tech" $
. '
%9 , !.
' . ?" ! (9
+
&.
$ ?/ < ! ! $
:"
?( 6 ! D& .(Colin Davies 1988) 5# )$ C
! ! < !
!. $ ,2
," ' ! ' .2 = 6 .
. .,6 D/ 5 "
.) &
/ '
-%
#
&
/ , " $ */ ) & ""# ! !
' ."Plug-in pod" ,
5
-. 6 .2
+
<2 H
6 .2
' %G< ! J
= ."High Tech device" $
(" ' ,
"Metabolism" " " ,$2 . .$ . .# D/
.(Colin Davies 1988)
&' ;"=
D& ($
"Archigram" 693 " $ 5
5 -G 1 1937 *+
$ .
Buckminster " . "
$ "Bathroom pod"
&' $ ," $ /
! ," . ."Fuller
< " .
&' F" .,
/ $ .
Ϯϭϭ
6 " " . ! 6 0G "
@ 1: . H
3
,) (.
&' . .
$/ 2 .3 $
=
:'= '
.5/ -. 6 . $"
+ •
. ,
/ L " •
. H&
(9
+
-. $ •
. : "3 A&' - /
+ @ $ '$ . "High Tech Architecture" $
&' ,/$. : %/ D
' ! .$ % /$ '$G
%"
%
1935 "Norman Foster" '
, "
. 1935 !) ! # .
$
" = ! "= . ". 9
: .)/
"Stockport"
7 : ،)/
"Manchester" "9
. $ '
Neo-" "G ! $ ') 8
A&' $
'@ "Art Deco" ,3 "Art Nouveau" .
,3"Classical
A) 9 A.= @ . ,= < $ ) !
$
$
. " " ! ،N< 0$
ϮϭϮ
"
%9 &
1 ."Manchester" "9
" $ . $ A). $ " ) */ .
University of Manchester School of " $/ "9
$ ! H< N< P$ % 2 . "Architecture
. $ " ) */ $ ,3 . '$ .1961
$ $ "Yale School of Architecture" $/ "
/ *+ 1963 D
' $ " %(
= $ .#
5
*+ %2 0& "Team 4" 4 -. A" 5 ;"= D
' .
% ) "Richard Rogers and Sue Rogers" ) " 9
"Team 10" 10 - ?$ M */ 7 : .0
)
1 $/ 4 - ) @ 1967 . . % /
%(9 ". " "= ;"= % ) 1 ". 4"Renzo Piano"
!$ (1983 1971) ! ." Foster and Partners" " !Q ?$
! $ : "Buckminster Fuller" . "
$ 1
+ )
+ */ 0$ 8 / . ". L .19
!
.
0& /$
$ : •
.
. " •
. $
. /9 $ •
. $ $ . : •
Ϯϭϯ
%
@ . /9 $# D/ ;"= */ ". <9 ,/
)( '= )( ! $ */ ". .$
."Pritzker Prize" )
0
1
Hongkong and Shanghai 1979 2
/! 3 3 4
Bank
, 3 3
? "
". -/
D 0 ) -.
J
J
' ) . 1 0& D
".
9
5" ,
?
! *
$
"Hong Kong"
, - $= 47 9 ، 180 *
8 Y/ .
?/ : .& D
,9 5 */ *
0 .P#
*/ ,: < " 9
5" ?/ *
&'
"
H) 9 9
< . (9
+ 5"=
," . ! *
&' 8 " .&3/ .2+ 9
! L
! $ *
. .5 / /@ N< $ ,2 !
. 5" ,
!
!
% 9 9
= .<2 I /(' <2 R %
A ! <
. 0= ,/ ! $
. ' . 0$ 9
. $: < -
G *+ ,9 ,)
+
.
.
Ϯϭϰ
&'* ! "# $%
(3)
Ϯϭϱ
- &, 30 +, (4)
Ϯϭϲ
. ،
. "3 , ! 9 $ .*
/
.2+ $ 2 $
$ 3/
" < )# (/ */ D& (. /
.(.
$ /
Ϯϭϳ
0( 9 */ , :
) (
+ : ! .
*
. $ 2 $ ; */ L < : <
. )/ ! .! "=
)@
$
P<
*+ *
U $ . A&' */ ! L)6 ! &' .9
(1)
F . "Paul Wallot" ,/. 7 $ % :
1885
.1894 "
5
$,
2
2 2 $% 2 '02 3 2
42 1, 2 (6)
6
, 2
Ϯϭϴ
London City Hall ( 2003 ( (
,
5#
!
H " % 0& 0 ,
" 30 H ! */
) , : .D/ !
". : ،<
. . /9 $ -. $ 9 .
.2+ 1 H
- 8 1 ') ! D ,/ 9 */ *
< < = / % . ;"= 0& L 7 ' .%
.@
+ /9 / . ?M
5"
"
M &3/ .2+ ""= $ H) %
. ". < "
G< ! : "3 Y -.
.) ! 9
,: :
: */ 3 S$ . *
,
+
(375 ! 1 / *
&' . 0
" : ? :
. 45 . *
8 = .kWh/m2/yr)
7
$,
2 $% 3 (7)
Ϯϭϵ
Millau Viaduct
2004 <5 (
' =
bridge
' ،&
'
Tarn " . !
. -/$ ,. G " ".
"< %(9
= . < " : 1" - ' ."
"Valley
-. &3. 1 .2+ ،9 " &3 ,G /"
1( " ."High Tech" D 0 $
.
,9
0& "
/ . /
! ! J/
+ ? "@ A&
0& "Eiffel Tower" + H . ' &3
) ! 1 / 1.5 Y/. " = ."Gustave Eiffel"
0$ 9 = . 19 + H ! */ $ D& 343 A
"
; : . :
# < ,/
$ . " N<
.*" $ ! <
ϮϮϬ
Albion Riversid 1998 9 (
9
Building
5# ،(
"High Tech" D 0 ) ] */ *
&' "
.
2$ ! G/: ."Archigrame" 693 ! "
."Bionic"
ϮϮϭ
Space air port ، 2006 &>
-
(*
7
"Sierra County" " $ . (2
/ ".
9 -. : ."New Mexico" "
3 $
"< ,< " . ' ? 18 " 69 < ?
. .(9
*
&
. H) &3 /"
H= 5"
"
%/9 . . "
.= ,
*/ ) . 5@ 3
5/ -. 4" %:. C
= .! */ N< 5/ # &' P. : .( ! 9
$ 2_ "
D& N<
12< . $ -.
A 1 S$ *
! "
# D/ ,/$. : DG "
."High-Tech Architecture" D 0 ) ! *
.:
! */ ,3 9/ -G
(2 &' ! ?"
*/ 9 != $ < = ?" .< !"
! 4" 1 . 3 ! + ! N<
! .$ ,( D ( (2. !" " (2
/ " . / 110 8 *+ /$ " ( !" D/
. 2014 (2 "/ /$ < <" .
ϮϮϮ
- -: 2 , 1# 2 $% 2 1, '$2 (10)
. "
/.
. ;
0)/
+ + $
$ " . $ ; .1933 ) 9 ! !9$
"Architectural Association School of Architecture" $/ $
Yale " $/ " . " " - '$ .!
.
.1962 9
$ $ "School of Architecture
Norman " ". !
$ */ ?$ $ . % "
=
!
3 $ ."Su Brumwell" " ! < "Foster
Team " 4 -. 5 ""= %:. 1 1 D
' /
+ *+ % "
! ) H) 3 ."Wendy Cheeseman" !"9 0
1"4
D 0 $ ?$ $# ;"= . .!"9 ! ".
. 1967 * $ . " "High-tech architecture"
ϮϮϯ
-$
". % . .< % %/ %
;"= !/
%
"High-tech architecture"
$ ;"=
. .
2= <
)
. ."Renzo Piano"
)
$ 1 9 . < 1970
" !2
, ، "G , %= ,2.
!
L<= ,/
!
% .%
: .$ %/ . 3 ( $ .2T D& % .
*
،/< ,2 ,$ . / ,
% "
*+ !/
! ! ) * .
/ "3 .
0$ . % /
' ,
:
2.
:$ */
. _ :
•
. ,G9 $ . "G"
•
.$ / $ " . 3 " •
. ) $ ("/
•
9 ! ) , ! <
9 •
.$
.$ # : ) /"
< •
! : ,@
, 3+ ) , .
. D9
$. .$ , P$ 6 .
19 P$
?/ @ 0 9 ) 0' )
$ # &' . % ) 5$ !
9 !.
.2+ (. 5
= < ! G< ! ! ,@
% )
ϮϮϰ
! ) ! ) ! @ . <
. '@ G" *+
$ <
F
. ( 9
5
?/ (/ 1 0$
$ */ 2
.2+ 5 ! $ */ )
. $ /9
Pritzker " ) )( 1985
, 5I
.` $ "
. ?9 "= 1. ! $ 2007 "Prize
. $ 5) ! ;/ 2/ 1996 . ! %
:
.,/ ;/
0
1
Millennium Dome 5# ،( 1999 ? :
$ ! . "
! $ . 5 ! $
: */ 0& *
&' ) : .<. 2 <
7
.$/ "
F */ D& #
: "High-Tech" D 0 ) *+
.
. < "
25 *+
. 1 .9 $9+ / ,G 9 9
D& ) ،!/ &3 ! 9 *
*/ (9
"
%/ 9
" 9 ! 9 *+ )
" 9 $
%9
"+ /" ! ! ) - < ." 9
) , , ; 9 # ,&< : .<
"+
?= S: ! ,
.!/ "3 . */
! D "G 4"PTFE" !/+/. (2
. $/
ϮϮϱ
(11)
Centre Georges Pompidou 1972
،
"Paris"
.! #$% &'!! (
!
)+ ! , ' . )
' *
' -' ' "Renzo Piano"
.'' , -' 12!
/%
- . ..+
,-6-' 67 8' $ "High-Tech" 4! 5.' '& 3 '
!
.
3 ! ' %! .97+ , 150
'/ ( '
."Georges Pompidou" : (1974 – 1969) , %
#& 1%! 52' ' !'
'
<
; - , !
5?
- )
+=' # ' , $ >/'
-' '
@' # $ .A+B' !' >/ , '@ A '
5
C!' , ' ! !/!' ' '.'
3 . , '
+=' ' @!7 ' ' .? >/
#6+! ? .@' #'A( *&! ? #<D+3 , 7'' /% '
ϮϮϲ
!/!' ' !7 , # ' !' '
! ,'G # $
7' E&%' F( .! @!7 '
+=' .' A6& ' $ .A @!7 '
' <
, # ' 6%' ? CHB' , ' .!'
5 ' 1? CIB' , # .!' #' ! C
(@' 5 '
@B
.' ' C(7B' , #& I
'/' /
' A/? *
/ E %!
!' ' ? ' J C
!'
6%'
' . .!+
!' "/'" /? . /B ;
CD' .''
@%' .
/B' , #& $ /! '
*
' H ' K2' ' , 5' A' 3 52' 1B'
3 %%? ،#'% )!% )
1&! .' ' -'
'& #.! (? -G! ' .A+='
:' 2<@' '7!%'
. " Archigram" 'D+<'
ϮϮϳ
88 Wood Street ،
2001
88
1! 97 ' 5!' :' "London" ,
.2<@' * %7 &' '7!% 8+! ! $ . L+ 88 1 '
4! 5.' '& 3 '
! . / ? ' )!.' # /
33 ' @ /% & 18 , ' G! ."High-Tech"
/' . ! ,' #&!%' / !' I&' .2 '
# 7 )! H
'$? 1%/ '2 ' '2 7!%
،!' .' +7 ' #/% ' $? , * ' . '
#' !' , * ' / #.! I .
'3 I'! I
./' !
@'
(@' /' 7' #6!
ϮϮϴ
Lloyds Building ،
(1984 – 1979)
ϮϮϵ
1937 "Renzo Piano"
, + *''
&=' "Genoa" '
&3
Politecnico di " 4! 6 I/!' .1937 ? .+
'
'
' 1964 )!%' .' $ "Milano
Louis " , ' * .1968 !/ @@7' .
!'
ϮϯϬ
!7 F% ' 1B' % ' +! # (!% ,' ,
@'
*& @( A'(7' #/% ' F!@ ' .-' #&+'
I& # 7!%' . %%B'
' &/ '
' * '!'
. '
+=' /' #
'!%
*
$ '! %# "# (15)
California Academy of 2008 !
"
Sciences
"
,%
*$'' "Golden Gate Park" # , 8!
"California" @ < !' "San Francisco" %%'
' )!$ .67 , #-'
!' B' 4! 2 ' 38 /%
B' 82. &! / /% @
&' A(' O
J 97
!
! '
@' ' 3 ( >/ C'!/
. ' '2. ' #6+!' .! / %/ % 4 ! 42
Ϯϯϭ
? , /' C%%' ,% ,% . % C”# ,“ ? !
' /! -?“ .G .%@ ! .'
&' P! /! 10
, -?
&D 52' 1+' , L ' .@% 3
42 * .(7
, ' '2 .
('
.' 67' , @? 60 ( !
&/ ' I&' >/ ' "Biophilic architecture" ' '
%/ ,
@' &/ ' * O : ' I'!
'
# 7!%' $ ."High tech" 4! 5.' '& .! 1 3 '2 !+
' 5!/ .,!' '2 2@!
2<@' &B' :' ,%'7'
@ ) ./! ! #<
H'/? H
.F
' '!%<'
* $ '! %# "# (16)
ϮϯϮ
1939 "Nicholas Grimshaw"
# $
I+ &
$''"Hove"
53
I/!' .1939
- ,+! .+ , *%!'
"East Sussex" %%
1959 , ،"Wellington College" ,!D
%'
Architectural " ' % , '
1962
1965
,
."Association School of Architecture
K7? %'
%' 1963 E %'' A-? )!%' .'
5! ' * '+ )7! , ./! ' #<'
1964
97' )! %? 15 & ) $ "Terry Farrell"
Nicholas Grimshaw & " )
+ + J < % 1980
67 , 42 E(! ، ! ' -'/' '& 3 + J ! ."Partners
42 !' 97' A' %.' / )!.! ' ) ?
Ϯϯϯ
!
Housing in Camden ،
1989
%
, ' , 27!' $ "London" ,
' '2 + J
:' 42 #.'' D! %%? ' #.''
D .!&J $ ! I% I #A /' # ? .5 ' +!'
/' 4! , 2'' #27!' ،.' 1 *! & &$ .3 7 /'
' .!&$ #'/ + #A %' #'/' ? . ' .+
.-'/' '& &!!
/
Ϯϯϰ
Continental Train Platform, (
&)
! &'
at Waterloo Station
،
1993
,%
- % + "% ' (18)
Ecological Center ،% 1996 * +
Project
،%
!%'
* 52' 3 L+ + J
, ' ،=' "Cornwall" & !' "Austell"
2<@ (3 :' !%6 ? '7!% 8+! ! $ #'/' I
'/
Ϯϯϱ
High Tech " >/' 4! 5.' , 7!% ' '&' ? .+' I%
A +' ? + #6 #!%'
' # ' ."Modern
'D+<' *+ 2! $6 / (' /' , /!%
."Archigram"
Ϯϯϲ
.(1)" Frederick Gibberd" J 4 ' 1!
+! "Norman Foster" !% , , ' *
Nicholas " + J < ' 42 "Richard Rogers"
4! 5.' '%%? ,2' , ' , '/' "Grimshaw
)! %? 1976
.&
"High Tech Modern" '
, ' )! / ."Patricia" )%! )! * ,! 97'
,
' . ' .
!' "RIBA"
. ?
''
, ? ."Royal Institute of British Architects" ,&'
$ "Hampstead" !%
97' . , ,' $ ,
# ! $ .:' '' 2<@' @@7'
+=' ' ) ' 7!%'
:) ?
.+' % ' #'.R /' #6' '7!%' @! •
.+ &' A(=' @! ,' , %%? :' '7!%' •
. ' 8
!' /% ) '7!%' •
.B' -6- 7' +B' / ' &&7 ) '7!%' •
.)!'3 $ / •
Ϯϯϳ
.'=' )!J
' +' ! •
. ' )!!
' !' .@ @! •
,' ,
!'
+=' ' *! 3 .@ , '
) ? , ' .2@!' !'
.% !
7 ' !
'!' )' )/6 , .
@'
.@ , M , . !' /' #$%
. , ،.
+='
#/% 3
'=' 8'+
% .1' .&/
#!' !
@@7'
' #6+! + , .!%< ) ? #.!+' $ .$! J
.+' #'.=' / #6 I #- '
' O% %!
!'
.7' S
Ϯϯϴ
Schlumberger Centre 1979) #
،
(1981
Madingly "
D L+
* 5!
-/ !7 , '
<& 18 G .=' "Cambridge" : *!' "Road
/! 52' ,' @@7 #'A+ ' ! .@ I $ .( 12
L'B' .1992 # K7B' ? 1985 # .? ,!/
'? A(! / 6 *
'' '
42 HB' %' !
. '
Ϯϯϵ
The Mound Stand (1987 – 1985)
-!
،
@ !' $ #' %%? 97 ' 1 ' '2
#6 42 %'
+ ' O%' %' !' T '
' 4! 5.' '& , . !
% !
!' &'
@7' .'
' '7!%6 (3 ."High Tech Modern"
.)&! :
'3 O. .I& '
1
0-
% "% (22)
1. Colin Davies 1988 ،High Tech Architecture, Rizzili International
Publcations, USA, Pp 6-21
2. Ralf Daab 2009 , Hi Tec Architecture, daab gmbh, London
ϮϰϬ