CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

It is generally believed that information is one of the assets that an organisation possesses.

Like other assets and resources such as people, finance, building, customers and products,

information must be well managed if the success of the organisation of any type, be it

institution or business is to be ensured. Thus, the efficient organization of data in and on

information sources is a crucial requirement for the effective communication of

information in human societies, (Tiamiyu, 1998).

Information, the communicable form of knowledge, is also a major factor in economic,

social and educational development. Consequently, management of, and access to

information, particularly Scientific and Technical information, are essential pre-requisite

for progress. Information are organized so that others can find it, read or otherwise

absorb it and use it to add to their own store of knowledge, (Arlene, 2004). One major

institution responsible for accumulating information and acting as reservoir of this

sensitive asset of national existence is the library.

1.1.1 Library

Library means repository for forms of recorded information. Although, the word came

from the Latin “Liber”, meaning “book”, the term now refers to collections of data in

many other formats: microfilm, magazines, films, magnetic tapes, slides, video tapes and

electronic media. Thus, library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the

structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an

institution, or a private individual, (Sadiq, 1993).

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Thus, modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted

access to information in many formats and from many sources. They are understood as

extending beyond the physical walls of a building, by including material accessible by

electronic means, and by providing the assistance of librarians in navigating and

analyzing tremendous amounts of knowledge with a variety of digital tools, (Faisal and

Surendran, 2008).

However, the justification for the existence of any library set up is not in the building of

vast storehouses of knowledge persee, but rather the satisfaction of the immediate

information needs of its particular clientele. This particular clientele may have

information needs in form of access to books, serials, reports and other library materials.

Efficiently reacting to these expectations imposes certain requirements on the design,

construction, and operation of any library. These needs, as obvious as they may appear,

are not easily met, especially when set against the dynamism of the human society in

which the library system operates.

To meet up to these expectations, therefore, it becomes apparent that libraries should

continuously seek improvement in internal operating techniques, and consider new

techniques that will facilitate the process of information delivery. Out of all equipment

represented by modern technology, the one with the greatest potential for library

operations is the computer. The computer, together with other devices and procedures

offer the greatest capabilities for relieving some of the serious technical processing

problems of library system, and eventually for upgrading the quality and range of

services. The adoption of the computer to library operations often referred to as

“automation” or “Computerization” and or “digitization” (Kochtanek and Mathew, 2002).

Automation of library operations has increased tremendously over the years, most

2
especially in the developed countries. This is as a result of the increasing awareness that

manual systems in most libraries can no longer cope with demand for effective and

efficient information service in the modern world. Hence, the adoption of computers in

the quest for this talked about effectiveness and efficiency in the libraries. The idea is

that, the application of computers to library operations will transform and redefine the

libraries functions.

1.1.2 Types of library

1. Academic libraries

These cover the spectrum from libraries in schools of all sizes, through to those of major

universities and research institutions. They have something of a captive audience, in that

the institutions they serve are dedicated to teaching and learning, and the libraries' role is

to provide access to the sources of information from which that teaching and learning can

develop

2. Public Libraries

Public libraries serve communities of all sizes and types. Wherever you live, there's

bound to be a local public library nearby! As the name implies, public libraries serve the

general public, "from cradle to grave". Public libraries often have departments that focus

on areas of service, such as youth, teens and adults

3. Special libraries

Special libraries offer unique opportunities to work in a specialized environment of

interest, such as corporations, hospitals, the military, museums, private businesses, and

the government. Special libraries can serve particular populations, such as the blind and

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physically handicapped, while others are dedicated to special collections, such as the

Library of Congress or a presidential library or Medical Library Art Libraries, Law

Libraries, Theological Library, Music Library.

1.1.3 Senior secondary School

In Nigeria, secondary school is for children from ages 10 to 18. It incorporates six years

of three terms per school year after which students can choose to go to a higher institution

such as the University, Polytechnics or vocational schools to further their studies.

Secondary education is divided into junior and senior secondary. The Junior School

Certificate is awarded after three years of junior school. The Senior School Certificate is

awarded after three years of senior secondary education. Pupils who complete junior

secondary school are streamed into senior secondary school or technical colleges.

1.3.4 Oba Akinbiyi Senior Secondary School II (OASSSII)

Presently the Government of the state is carrying out a major project upon the

refurbishments of the school to be one of the five secondary schools that would become

model school in Oyo state.

1.3.5 OASSSII Library

The purpose of a school library is to provide a wide range of books and resources that

would support teaching and learning throughout stages of reading and it is an information

culture that promotes independent motivated readers and learners for life. It is an

accessible place to the whole school community during and outside the school hours.

The existing system is non-automated library system where students take and read the

books for the limited period of time and the students return the books within the time

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frame. Presently the school have two school media specialists who manage the activities

of the school library.

1.2 Statement of Problem

The concern of this study has been directed at developing an efficient system that would

enhance both the storage and retrieval of information for effective research activities in

OASSSII. The present system is a manual system involving two stages of processes. It is

mainly storage and retrieval processes. The manual storage is by keeping the documents

(i.e. textbooks, journals, reports, bulletins, theses e.t.c) on the wood shelves and cabinets.

The retrieval process is done when there is a need to search for any document, the staff

have to search through bulk of catalogue cards in the catalogue boxes (author-title cards

or subject cards) until the relevant cards containing the direction of where the document

can be located on the shelve is sighted or seen. This process is repeated for every query

by the clientele. The catalogue system is that functional interrelated unit within the library

set up with the primary responsibility of providing easy access to the library's collections

by the users. This has revolved over the years from simple manuscript records in book

form into the card catalogue form.

This project is targeted at overcoming the challenges of this manual library cataloguing

and retrieving system through the provision of an automated cataloguing and retrieval

system. The librarian strives to achieve control of information explosion through

preparation of a complete inventory or description of stock of the library’s holdings from

which is possible to find book where the author, title or subject is known. OASSSII_LIB

is facing some problems at the cataloguing subsystem of the library, which are affecting

its services. The rate of acquiring books is higher than what personnel available can work

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at; backlog of books to be catalogued has built up. There is pressure on the library for

review of the system and the anticipated growth of the library holdings calls for a review

of the manual system in operation.

1.3 Objective of the Study

This study aims at analysing the existing manual system of information storage and

retrieval of OASSSII_Library and to design an automated based system for effective and

efficient storage and retrieval of information for the library.

The following are the sub-objectives of the system:

i. Provide easy storage and access to information documents in support of research

and teaching needs of the users.

ii. Provide consistently high quality bibliographic records in the database that will

conform to the latest digital and classification scheme

iii Provision of on-line access digital library system (DLS)

iv. Reduce the processing time of the information generated, accessed and stored in

OASSSII_LIB.

v. provide test and assignment for student

vi. Provide quick and accurate update of the library's database.

Vii. Provision of authority control.

1.4 Justification

The repetitive and manual system of processing materials in the library no doubt account

for the large number of unprocessed materials. The stock continues to witness a steady

growth, thus, this study is aimed at addressing this ineffectiveness. Secondly, there is an

increasing demand for and use of the rich materials of the library but the primitive way of

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searching the catalogues makes it rather difficult to satisfy users’ demands. But with the

introduction of automation systems, the search and retrieval system will be very simple

and faster.

With an automated cataloguing and information retrieval system in place, more timely,

more accurate, and more comprehensive information will be provided to improve the

quality and effectiveness of research activities. This is because computers store

information on the disk and provide easier and faster access to the information with the

availability of stored programs. Cost-effectiveness would be achieved in the long run by

the library through the use of the new system.

It is hoped that this project will spark off the desire for the long awaited automation

program in the library and form the foundation to be built on and speed up the automation

of the system on which circulation, reference, online public access (OPAC) and other

services will be integrated by allowing many systems and users to access a single set of

database and eliminate information redundancy.

CHAPTER TWO

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 LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY

2.0 Introduction

The increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to facilitate

daily routine has transformed the traditional functions of academic libraries from

manually processing library collections to electronic methods of performing such

technical library processing such as cataloguing, indexing and so on (Etubi, 2009 ). This

chapter reviews previous theories and opinions on research related to library information

systems (library automation, digital library, data and information organization, documents

storage, databases and information retrieval systems).

2.1 Information Systems

Information systems (IS) according to Andrue et.al. (1992), is the formal group of

processes that operating on a collection of data that are structured according to the needs

of an organization, compiles, elaborates and distributes part of the information in support

of the control activities and the decision making processes necessary to carry out the

normal functions of the organization.

An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate and

disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an

objective. In computer based, information system is a single set of hardware, software,

databases, telecommunications, people and procedures that are configured to collect,

manipulate , store, and process data into information (Stair and Reynolds, 2001).

An information system has also been defined as a means of providing information in such

a way that it would be most useful to the persons for whom it is intended. In other words,

an information system comprises a set of complementary activities that are performed

towards a common objective of facilitating information flow among a community of

people, for example, library. Information systems are usually established to facilitate such

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activities as the creation, organization, storage, retrieval, transfer, computation and use of

the data. Such activities utilize both material and human resources with a technology to

create data or transform existing data into more valuable data and information (Tiamiyu,

2003).

There exist different types of information systems such as management of information

system (MIS), decision support systems (DSS), executive support system (ESS),

transaction processing system (TPS), library information system (LIS) and so on.

2.1.1 Library information systems (LIS)

The phrase does capture the basic elements of the application of computing solutions

aimed at bringing the user and information content together, which is the essence of

service within libraries of all types and sizes (Kochtanek and Mathew, 2002).

Parker (1968) as quoted by Kochtanek and Mathews (2002), went on to identify library

information systems as not only “automating” existing processes within libraries ( such

as circulation control procedures, cataloguing, and so on ) but also including access to

materials not held by the library but available in electronic format.

The application of computing systems in libraries has been a subject of interest to

professional librarians for more than 65years. More recently, libraries have sought to

implement increasingly complex solutions that involve distributed networking and access

to remote information resources. The term library information system (LIS) in its present

form is defined to include a wide array of solutions that previously might have been

considered separate industries with distinctly different market place and the online

database instructions.

As the library information system domain has developed and evolved, numerous terms

have been used to describe these efforts to incorporate technological solutions that

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improve access to recorded knowledge (Kochtanek and Mathews, 2002).

Library information system domain is made up of several separate applications which are

established to support end user access to digitally recorded document surrogates or

primary knowledge records. They include:

 Integrated library system (LIS),

 Web-based resources,

 Digital library collections,

 Online database,

 E-books and e-journals e.t.c.

2.1.2 Library Automation

In the age of information explosion, libraries and information resource centers have

become multimedia centers due to adoption of new technological devices and changing

nature of their information storage, retrieval and services. Automating an academic

library is the process which restructures its functions and reinvents its services. By

keeping a database as the basis, automation converge new technologies of information

storage and retrieval with traditional housekeeping operations. An automated academic

library can serve the teaching and learning community more effectively. A reduction in

the time needed for routine operations can be utilized to give customized services to the

users (Faisal and Surendran, 2008).

During the last 25 years, the computer and telecommunication technologies began to

build up an information society, which has crossed the geographical limitations and has

provided facilities to access into global information systems. As a result, nature of

modern librarianship has changed considerably with the advent of new technologies. In

fact, ‘automation’ is an indispensable part of modern library information systems

development, organization, management and services. In the present ‘age of information’,

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automation has been making tremendous impact on different sectors of the libraries and

information centers. In view of complex and multi-faceted user requirements, this results

in numerous specialization and flow of non-stop information, decreasing comprehensive

acquisition of documents for libraries, growing demands of information, increasing

number of users, etc. Automation has been playing a vital role in improving the

capabilities of libraries/information centers towards attaining satisfaction of their users

(Munshi, 1998).

Library automation may be defined as the application of computers to perform traditional

library house keeping activities such as acquisition, circulation, cataloguing, and

reference and serials control. Automation is used to reduce the amount of staff time

devoted to repetitive (and often less challenging) activities that must be done in any

properly functioning library. It is to be remembered that, various library operations are

automated, not the library as such (Faisal and Surendran, 2008).

Finally, library automation is the process of performing all information operations/

activities in library with the help of computers and related information technologies. The

functions that may be automated are any or all of the following: acquisition, cataloging,

public access (OPAC and Web PAC), indexing and abstracting, circulation, serials

management, and reference.

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2.1.3 Integrated Library System (ILS)

An integrated library system is an automated library system in which all of the functional

modules share a common bibliographic database. In an integrated system, there is only

one bibliographic record for a book. All transactions involving this book are linked.

The features of integrated library system are:

i. Functional modules: Most systems offer; cataloguing, online public access

(OPAC) and circulation. Some integrated library systems also has additional

modules such as acquisitions, serials management and Web PAC.

ii. Library automation standards: This includes the following:

o Database structure—MARC21

o Protocol—Z39.50: "Z39.50" is generally defined as the information

search and retrieval protocol standard used primarily by library and

information related systems. The standard specifies a client/server based

protocol for searching and retrieving information from remote databases

simultaneously using a single interface.

iii. Database systems: Major systems normally make use of DBMS offered by

vendors like Oracle and Informix. Open source systems are also available and can

be downloaded freely from the Internet.

iv. Operating systems: Some systems have proprietary operating system. Most

systems use Windows, some use LINUX, an open source operating system.

v. Network architecture – major systems run on client-server architecture and use

TCP/IP to communicate across networks (LANs and WANs) to its bibliographic

record.

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2.1.4 Digital Library

Digital library is a generic name for federated structures that provide humans both

intellectual and physical access to the huge and growing world networks of information

encoded in multimedia digital format (Baker, 1996).

To the information retrieval, digital library can be viewed as an extended information

system, in the context of federation and media variations. Also, digital library must

support large collections of documents, searching and cataloguing/indexing (Baldonado,

1997).

A digital library is a library, in which collections are stored in digital formats (as opposed

to print, microform, or other media) and accessible by computers. The digital content may

be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. A digital library is a type

of information retrieval system and the software used to enable this functionality is a

Digital Library Software (DLS). There are many open source DLS available. To name a

few: Greenstone Digital Library Software (GSDL),Koha Digital Library Software,

Dspace, Fedora and so on.

2.2 Documents and their characteristics

Documents contain information about and evidence of organizational functions,

politicies, decision, procedures, cooperation and other activities. Documents are the

medium where organization memory and intelligent reside, poor access to document

content means poor access to knowledge that an organization create or receive (Blair,

2002).

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A document may also be defined as a physical medium containing recorded data/

information of potential value regardless of its medium or characteristics; it includes all

books, papers, theses, microform, audio-visual, journals, photographs, maps, electronic

media and so on (Tiamiyu, 2003).

2.2.1 Document Storage and Retrieval Systems.

Document storage and retrieval system allows access to inform by acquiring, storing, and

circulating documents as well as disseminating information about the documents to

information seekers. The overall objective of efforts to organize documents is to improve

the ease with which information-seekers can identify, become aware of, and locate

specific documents. Document storage and retrieval system are in libraries, archives,

record centers, documentation centers, films, software libraries e.t.c. and usually, these

systems are designed to give brief information about the actual documents they keep to

the inquiries.

Tiamiyu (2003) reported that effective organization of documents usually entails the

following five interrelated tasks:

i. formalizing and documenting a language for describing the documents;

ii. uniquely describing each document in terms of its source, publication, physical

and other

attributes;

iii. describing and relating the documents in terms of their information content;

iv. physically storing the documents in specific locations in a systematically

demarcated and labeled document store; and

v. creating an index comprising an alphabetically-ordered listing of the descriptions

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 of the documents along with the addresses of the documents in the physical store.

The crucial concern for librarians is how information is organized within a library, within

a database or on the web. A library fundamental purpose is to acquire, store, organize,

preserve, disseminate or otherwise provide access to the vast bodies of knowledge already

produced. Organizing knowledge in libraries means organizing many types of

information and media; information stored in physical items such as books, video

recordings, or pictures. It means organizing virtual information, i.e. information stored

electronically in word, sounds, or images. It also means organizing the records that serve

as representations of these items, such as catalogue cards or the electronic bibliographic

records in library or computerized catalogue (Richard, 2004).

2.3 Database Concepts

Kroenke (2000) defined database in a specific context to mean a self describing collection

of integrated records. According to him, it is very important to understand each part of

this definition. Database is self-describing because it promotes program-data

independence.

That is, it makes it possible to determine the structure and context of the database by

examining the database itself. Also, database is a collection of integrated records because

there are relationship and linkages between all the records in the database.

Stair and Reynolds (2001) defined database as an organized collection of facts and

information. According to Alter (2002), database is a structured collection of

electronically stored database that is controlled and accessed through computers based on

predefined relationship between predefined type of data items related to specific business

15
situation or problem.

Database also refers to a collection of interrelated data files that are used to store and

maintain the data of an enterprise (Tiamiyu, 2003).

A database can also be defined as a storehouse consists of records of information

collected for use of people for research, decision-making and problem solving. Therefore,

the pivotal use of any database is to cater for information needs of users with efficient

information retrieval. In the context of online information retrieval, databases are

collections of records held in a form intelligent to the computer. These are made available

form secretly remote computer terminals (Onilude, 2005).

The objective or aim of a database is to provide reliable/workable up to data simple

Information on demand. Database facilitates the creation of data structures and relieves

the programmer the problem of setting up complicated and duplicated files.

2.3.1 Database Management System (DBMS)

The DBMS is complex software, which constructs, expands, and maintains the database.

It is a complete piece of software held permanently in a computer system. Also, it is

frequently brought into action in the effective use and management of database.

According to Oliver and Chapman (1983), the functions of the DBMS to the database are:

adding new records; deleting redundant records; amending records (updating); adding

new sets of records or new data to existing records; process a complete file; protecting

data against unauthorized users/access; capable of interacting with computers’ Operating

System, providing for recovery and restart after a hardware or software failure. The

16
concept of DBMS involved the use of computer-aided tools to manage the data resources.

DBMS is formed by a series of computer programs used primarily in the manipulation of

computer files and extraction of data from the files for report preparation by the user.

2.3.2 Query Language

Query language is a means of interacting with the database by various users. Several

query languages are in use today. Its classification depending on the manner in which

they handle users’ queries. The three main queries often used are:

 Procedural queries where the user specifies what he/she want in a programming

language;

 Question and answer queries where the system asks all the questions and user’s

responses eventually generate the desired result (output);

 Menu driven queries where the system displays various options on the screen and

the user is expected to select one of the options in order to reach the target records

or data items that are the object of the query.

Structural Query Language (SQL)

This is the most important relational database manipulation language in use. It is the data

access language used by many commercial DBMS products such as ORACLE, INGRES,

INFORMIX, SQL Server, Dbase for Windows, Microsoft Access e.t.c. Due to its

popularity, it has become the standard language for information interchange among

computers. SQL commands can be used in interacting as query language or they can be

embedded in application programs. Thus, SQL is not a programming language; rather it is

a data sub -language or data access language that is embedded in other languages. The

Commands SQL can be classified as follows:

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 i. data manipulation language (DML) which is used to retrieve, delete and amend

instances of data in the database with these commands: SELECT, UPDATE,

DELETE and INSERT.

ii. data definition language (DDL) is used to describe the type of data to be held by

the database with these statements: CREAT, VIEW and DROP.

iii. data control language (DCL) used by Database Administrator (DBA) to control

access (how people use the database), is a kind of security measure to protect the

database ( Date, 2000).

2.4 Information Retrieval System (IRS)

Conlon and Conlon (1996) define information retrieval system as a system that searches

for relevant document from among a larger set of relevant and irrelevant documents. The

study of information retrieval (IR) usually assumes that an IR system is computer based.

However IR system can be manual and the definition given here will include all manually

searched library catalogues as well as bibliographies, indexes and abstracting

publications. However, information retrieval are more commonly referred to retrieval

from a computer system, whether the information is held on a local system, increasingly

in CD-ROM form or a remote system accessed by a telecommunication network.

According to Ricardo and Berthier (1999), information retrieval deals with the

representation, storage, organization of and access to information items. The

representation and organization of the information items should provide the user with

easy access to the information in which he/she is interested on. Information retrieval is a

process in which a set of records of document are searched to find items that may help to

satisfy the information need or interest of an individual or group (Agbonlahor, 2005).

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To Petrate (2006), information retrieval is the science of searching for information in

documents, Searching within database (relational standalone or hypertext network

databases) and searching for metadata, which describes documents.

2.4.1 Data Retrieval

Data retrieval in the context of information retrieval system consist mainly of determining

Which documents of a collection contain the keywords in the user query which, most

frequently, is not enough to satisfy the user information need. In fact, the user of an IR

system is concerned more with retrieving information about a subject than with retrieving

data which satisfies a given query. In data retrieval, we are normally looking for an exact

match, that is, we are checking to see whether an item is or is not present in the file.

Thus, a single erroneous object among a million retrieval objects means total failure. In

information retrieval, this may sometime be of interest but more generally we want to

find those items which partially match the request and then select from those a few of the

best matching ones, for IRS a small error might go unnoticed and might result into

inaccurate retrieval (Ricardo and Berthier, 1999). Thus, the notion of relevance is at the

centre of IR. In fact, the primary goal of an IR system is to retrieve all the documents

which are relevant to a user query while retrieving as few non-relevant documents as

possible.

2.4.2 Information Retrieval System Models

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Ricardo and Berthier (1999) described the three classic models that have been used in the

effective design of IRS. They are :

Boolean Model

Boolean model is a simple retrieval model based on Boolean algebra that is also based on

set theory. Boolean model provides a framework that is easy to grasp by a common user

of an IRS because its concept is quite intuitive based on its inherent simplicity and neat

formalism, the Boolean model received great attention (Ricardo and Berthier, 1999).

Unfortunately, the Boolean model suffers from major drawbacks: first, retrieval strategy

is based on a binary decision criterion, that is, a document is either relevant or non-

relevant, without any grading scale which prevalent good retrieval performance. Hence,

the Boolean model is much more a data retrieval (rather than an information retrieval).

Secondly, the Boolean expressions have precise semantics; frequently it is not simple to

translate an information need into a Boolean expression (Michard, 1992).

Ricardo and Berthier (1999) noted that despite these drawbacks, the Boolean model is

still the dominant model with commercial database systems and provides a good starting

point for those new to field. Also the Boolean model considers that index terms are

present or absent in the document. Hence, the index term weights are assumed to be all

binary i.e. a query is essentially a conventional Boolean expression, which can be

represented as a disjunction of conjunctive vectors.

The main advantages of the Boolean model are the clean formalism behind the model and

its simplicity. The main disadvantages are that exact matching may lead to retrieval of too

few or too many documents. Moreover, studies have shown that most users have great

difficulty specifying queries in Boolean format and often misjudge what the results will

20
be (Agbonlahor, 2005).

However, it was known that index term weighting (vector model) could lead to a

substantial improvement in retrieval performance.

Vector Model

Salton and Buckley (1971); Salton and Lesk (1968) as quoted by Olalekan (2007)

recognized that the use of binary weights is too limiting and proposes a frame work in

which partial matching is possible. This is accomplished by assigning non-binary weights

to index terms in queries and in documents. These term weights are ultimately used to

compute the degree of similarity between the documents in the system and the user query.

The retrieved documents are then sorted in decreasing order of similarity; consideration is

given to documents that match query terms only partially. The resultant effect is that the

ranked document answer set is a lot more precise, since it better matches the user

information need, than the documents answer set retrieved by the Boolean model.

Nevertheless, another (probabilistic) model is considered to be naturally appealing for

qualifying document relevance based on probability theory.

Probabilistic Model

The definition of probability model (PM) will be based on the description of Robertson

and Sparck (1976) as quoted by Olalekan (2007) that the PM attempts to capture the

information retrieval problem within probabilistic framework. The fundamental idea is

that, for a query there is a set of document which contains exactly the relevant document

and no other. This model is considered better for quantifying document relevance based

on the use of probability theory and its main streams.

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2.4.3 Databases and Information Retrieval Systems

The pivotal use of any database is to cater for information needs of users with efficient

information retrieval system. Information retrieval databases are generally of two types:

bibliographic database and full text database.

The former typically consists of references to the original literature while the later

contains the complete text of documents from journals, textbooks, and other print

resources (Hersh and Kicham, 1995) as quoted by Onilude(2005).

The bibliographic database may cover a wide subject area (such as sciences) or a more

specific subject such as chemistry, or specific area within that subject (e.g. chemical

hazard). Access to bibliography database might be universal or restricted and might be for

fee or free.

Full-text database provide access to the complete text of documents, that is, they provide

the ultimate information that information searcher might want from documents. Two of

the oldest examples are Lexis and Nexis that were developed by the United States firm,

Mead Data Central, Dictionaries, encyclopedias, Holy Books journal articles and

company financial statements are a view of the different types of full-text database and

available online or on CD-ROM.

2.5 Information Retrieval in Libraries

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According to Ricardo and Berthier (1999), libraries were among the first institution to

adopt information retrieval systems for retrieving information. They identified three

different generations of retrieval systems in the libraries:

The first generation system consisted basically of the automation of previous technologies

(such as card catalogues) and basically allowed searches based on author name and title.

In the second generation system, increase search functionalities was added which allowed

searching by subject headings, by keywords and some more complex query facilities.

Finally, the third generation systems which are currently being deployed, focus on

improved graphical interfaces, electronic form, hypertext features and uses the open

system architecture.

In responding to queries, an information retrieval system must achieve a balance between

speed, accuracy, cost, and retrieval effectiveness showing the presence of required

information and displaying surrogates or the original item (Ricardo and Berthier, 19996).

Generally, recall ratio and precision measure the effectiveness of a retrieval system. The

recall ration measures the proportion of those relevant documents in a database that are

retrieved. Whereas, precision ratio measures the proportion of the retrieved items which

are relevant. It has been reported by various studies carried out that the two ratios are

inversely related (Tiamiyu, 2003; and Agbonlahor, 2005).

To be effective in its attempt to satisfy the user information needs, the information

retrieval system must somehow “interpreted” the content of the information items

(documents) in a collection and rank them according to a degree of relevance to the user

query. Thus, “interpretation” of document content involves extracting formation syntactic

23
and semantic information from the document text and using this information to match the

user information needs. The problem however is in how to extract this information and

how to use it to distinguish information one want from the sea of information one does

not want especially the irrelevant, unreliable, inaccurate, outdated and misleading

information (Ricardo and Berthier, 1999).

2.5.1 Retrieval Tools

Retrieval tools are systems created for retrieving information. They contain records that

are surrogates for information packages. That is, each surrogate record (also called a

description or metadata) gives enough information, such as author, title, and date of

creation, so that it can serve as a short representation of an information package.

Surrogate records are arranged or retrieved by access points. An access point can be a

name, title, or subject term chosen by an indexer/cataloguer. The basic retrieval tools

include the following; a bibliography, pathfinders, catalogues, indexes, finding aids,

registers, search engines and directories (Taylor, 2004).

2.5.2 Automated Cataloguing System

Catalogue being one of the retrieval tools in libraries, provides access to individual items

within collections of information packages (e.g., physical entities such as books,

videocassettes, and CDs in a library, web pages on the Internet, etc.). Each information

package is represented by a description of the package that is somewhat longer than a

bibliography description. The descriptions are assigned one or more access points. The

term access point is usually applied to a particular name, title, or subject that is listed on

the record separately from the description. An access point is constructed and maintained

under authority control. An authority control is the process of pulling together all the

24
forms of name that applied to a single name; all the variant titles that apply to a single

work; and all synonyms, related terms, broader terms, and narrower terms that apply to a

particular subject heading (Taylor, 2004).

Automation of catalogue is a complex and sophisticated exercise, which requires some

measure of expertise. Through cataloguing networks, libraries have access to databases of

cataloguing records already prepared according to standard rules (e.g., Anglo America

Catalogue Rule 2(AACR2)). The catalogue tailors that record to meet local needs

following individual library practice. Most of the computer-based cataloguing systems

developed during the 1960s and 1970s relied on the actual catalogue being prepared on

some physical medium such as catalogue cards, computer output microform(COM) film,

COM fiche, or computer printed book-form (Amosa, 1998). Thus, shifts from manual

cataloguing system to an automated cataloguing system need to, for a start, undertake

costly retrospective conversion of their usually large paper-based bibliographic/catalogue

records to machine readable ones.

Bryant, Chapman and Naylor (1995) as quoted by Etubi (2009), retrospective conversion

(RECON) means “the conversion of the existing records in manually produced catalogue

to machine readable form (i.e., machine readable catalogue (MARC)).”

The Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) formats are standards used for the

representation of bibliographic and related information for books and other library

materials in machine-readable form and their communication to and from other

computers. MARC 21 is the new standard for MARC.

The MARC format allows libraries to describe resources in the format that will enable the

25
library to correctly print, display, catalog records, search for and retrieve certain types of

information within specific fields. MARC has common formats that makes the sharing of

bibliographic resources with other libraries possible and makes the resources easy to

migrate into another library system without need for re-encoding records.

According to Cohn, Kelsey and Field (2001) in the work of Etubi (2009), when

conversion is done with a given library’s entire existing collections and current

acquisitions, the process is referred to as retrospective conversion. The usual primary aim

of retrospective conversion (RECON) is to make information on the library holding

accessible by computer to library staff and users.

2.6 Retrieval Process

First of all, before the retrieval process can be initiated, it is necessary to define the text

database. This is usually done by the manager of the database (i.e. Database

Administrator), which specifies the following:

i. the documents to be used

ii. the operations to be performed on the text, and

iii. the text model ( that is, the text structure and what elements can be retrieved).

The text operations transform the original documents and generate a logical view of them.

Once the logical view of the documents is defined, the database manager (using the DB

Manager Module) builds an index of the text. An index is a critical data structure because

it allows fast searching over large volumes of data. The most popular index structure

being used is inverted file. Given that the document database is indexed, then retrieval

process can be initiated. The user first specifies a user need which is then passed and

26
transformed by the same text operation applied to the text .Then, query operations might

be applied before the actual query, which provides a system representation for the user

need, is generated. The query is then processed to obtain the retrieved documents. Fast

query processing is made possible by the index structure previously built.

Before been sent to the user, the retrieved documents are ranked according to a likelihood

of relevance. The user then examines the set of ranked documents in the search for useful

information. At this point, he might pinpoint a subset of the documents seen as definitely

of interest and initiate a user feedback cycle. In such a cycle, the system uses the

documents selected by the user to change the query formulation. Hopefully, this

modified query is a better representation of the real user need.

2.7 Overview of Existing Library Information Systems

Library automation software, integrating all the activities and routines of the library is

essential software for the libraries and is referred to as Integrated Library Automation

Package (ILAP). An ILAP means an enterprise resource planning system for a library,

used to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed the

items. In other words it is the one where all the library activities such as acquisitions,

cataloguing, circulation, serials, and the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) are

automated. There are many ILAPs available in the market that meet the needs as well as

budgets of different libraries. However, with the open source software movement

catching up, a few open source library automation package (LAP) are also available,

which are comparable with any commercial LAP. To name a few, we have Koha,

Evergreen, OPAL, PhpMyBibli, OpenBook, OpenBiblio, GreenStone. Among these,

27
Koha is the first open source library automation software and is widely used (Anuradha,

2009).

Among open source ILAP, Koha is widely used. GreenStone Digital Library is a quite

popular Digital Library system (DLS). The two softwares are compatible with many

library standards such as SRU/W feature, Z39.50 feature, and MARC record import. To

facilitate full text searching in Koha, Search and Retrieval through URL (SRU)

functionality available in both Koha and GSDL is used. Hence a SRU request is sent to

GSDL from Koha for full text searching (Anuradha and Sivakaminathan, 2009).

2.7.1 Koha

In 1999 when the Horowhenua Library Trust (HLT) in New Zealand, was looking for a

Y2K compliant replacement for their library system, Katipo Communications proposed a

new system, using open source tools to be released under the GPL. Koha (the Maori word

for ‘gift’ or ‘donation’) went live at HLT in January 2000, and was the world’s first open

source ILAP and is distributed under GNU GPL license. Latest version is Koha-3.0.2

(Linux platform only) and Koha 2.9.x (for Windows and other platforms)

(http://koha.org). It runs on different platform like Linux, MacOSx, FreeBSD, Solaris,

and Windows. Originally developed on the Linux OS, is written in Perl, uses Apache web

server, has better support for multi-RDBMS like MySQL, PostgreSQL. OPAC interface

is in CSS with XHTML. It supports all major library standards such as MARC record

import/export, Z39.50 and SRU/W feature. Koha-3.x supports Zebra full text search

engine as backend, in addition to MySQL/PostgreSQL. Records are stored internally in an

SGML-like format and can be retrieved in MARCXML, Dublin Core, MODS, RSS,

Atom, RDF-DC, SRWDC, OAI-DC, and Endnote; and the OPAC can be used by citation

28
tools such as Zotero. Koha's default installation supports running Zebra which is

configured to support SRU queries on bibliographic and authority data. Zebra itself is

capable of detecting Z39.50 or HTTP and responding with SRU if the incoming request is

HTTP. (Anuradha and Sivakaminathan, 2009).

2.7.2 Green Stone Digital Library (GSDL)

GSDL (http://www.greenstone.org) is a suite of software for building, publishing and

distributing digital library collections, either on the Internet or on CD-ROM. It is

compatible with many library standards such as SRU/W feature, Z39.50 feature, MARC

record import. These features of Greenstone make it a very good selection for integrating

it with library automation package for full text indexing and searching. It is produced by

the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Waikato, and developed and

distributed in cooperation with UNESCO and the Human Info NGO (Anuradha and

Sivakaminathan, 2009).

The aim of the Greenstone software is to empower users, particularly in universities,

libraries, and other public service institutions, to build their own digital libraries. Digital

libraries are radically reforming how information is disseminated and acquired in

UNESCO's partner communities and institutions in the fields of education, science and

culture around the world, and particularly in developing countries.

Platforms

Greenstone runs on all versions of Windows, and Unix/Linux, and Mac OS-X. It is very

easy to install. For the default Windows installation absolutely no configuration is

necessary, and end users routinely install Greenstone on their personal laptops or

29
workstations. Institutional users run it on their main web server, where it interoperates

with standard web server software (e.g. Apache).

Interoperability

Greenstone is highly interoperable using contemporary standards, it incorporates a server

that can serve any collection over the Open Archives Protocol for Metadata Harvesting

(OAI-PMH), and Greenstone can harvest documents over OAI-PMH and include them in

a collection. Any collection can be exported to METS (in the Greenstone METS Profile,

approved by the METS Editorial Board and published at

http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets-profiles.html), and Greenstone can ingest

documents in METS form. Any collection can be exported to DSpace ready for DSpace's

batch import program, and any DSpace collection can be imported into Greenstone.

Interfaces

Greenstone has two separate interactive interfaces, the Reader interface and the Librarian

interface. End users access the digital library through the Reader interface, which operates

within a web browser. The Librarian interface is a Java-based graphical user interface

(also available as an applet) that makes it easy to gather material for a collection

(downloading it from the web where necessary), enrich it by adding metadata, design the

searching and browsing facilities that the collection will offer the user, and build and

serve the collection.

Metadata format

Users define metadata interactively within the Librarian interface. These metadata sets are

predefined:

 Dublin Core (qualified and unqualified)

30
  RFC 1807

 NZGLS (New Zealand Government Locator Service)

 AGLS (Australian Government Locator Service)

New metadata sets can be defined using Greenstone's Metadata Set Editor. "Plug-ins" are

used to ingest externally-prepared metadata in different forms, and plug-ins exist for:

XML, MARC, CDS/ISIS, ProCite, BibTex, Refer, OAI, DSpace, METS

Document formats

Plug-ins is also used to ingest documents. For textual documents, there is plug-ins for:

PDF, PostScript, Word, RTF, HTML, Plain text, Latex, ZIP archives, Excel, PPT, Email

(various formats), and source code. For multimedia documents, there is plug-ins for

images (any format, including GIF, JIF, JPEG, TIFF), MP3 audio, Ogg Vorbis audio, and

a generic plug-in that can be configured for audio formats, MPEG, MIDI, etc.

2.7.3 OpenBook:

OpenBook is another open-source automated library system developed by the Technology

Resource Foundation (TRF), located in Seattle, Washington. The software has more than

20,000 lines of Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) code. PHP is a server-side; HTML

embedded scripting language used to create dynamic web pages. In an HTML document,

PHP script (similar syntax to that of Perl or C) is enclosed within special PHP tags.

OpenBook consists of three modules: the patron search module (OPAC), the cataloguing

module, and the circulation module. In future releases, it may also include an acquisition

module. All modules are web-based and are multi-lingual user capable, with the initial

release supporting English, Spanish, and French. OpenBook also supports MARC21

31
bibliographic fields for importing into its database, including basic serials support and

authority control for author and subject. The cataloguing client will include Z39.50

searching capabilities to allow for copy cataloguing against OCLC or other larger union

databases. The targeted audience is small- to medium-sized public and school libraries in

the United State and throughout the world (Kochtanek and Thomas,1998).

2.7.4 MyLibrary@NCState

The North Carolina State University library has released the source code to its portal

application called MyLibrary@NCStaye. This software allows the user to create a

customized gateway to general and discipline-specific databases, electronic journal,

current awareness features, personal bookmarks, and the MySQL relational database, and

supports both Perl and C programming languages (Kochtanek and Thomas, 1998).

2.7.5 Alphloc

alphloac is an automated library cataloguing and retrieval system that offers

efficient methods of organizing, storing, processing, retrieving and reporting

cataloguing and retrieving information for both library staff and library patrons

The concern of this project has been for efficient system in Adetokunbo Lucas

Public Health Library that enhances both the storage and retrieval of information

for effective research activities.

This project was targeted at overcoming the challenges of manual library

cataloguing and retrieving system through the provision of an automated

cataloguing and retrieval system. The librarian strives to achieve control of

information explosion through preparation of a complete inventory or description

of stock of the library’s holdings from which is possible to find book where the

author, title or subject is known. ALPHL was facing some problems at the

32
 cataloguing subsystem of the library, which are affecting its services. The rate of

acquiring books is higher than what cataloguing personnel can work at; backlog of

books to be catalogued has built up. There is pressure on the library for review of

the system and the anticipated growth of the library holdings calls for a review of

the manual system in operation (Ayinla, 2010)

2.7.6 Improving Student study Library system (ISSLS)

Improving Student study system will serve as a digital library system that would help

students in senior secondary school achieve more in their learning abilities. Study system

is a way by which individual student takes to personal learning and assimilation when

reading, is a way of thinking about what is been studied, and a skills approach to it.

Since computerizing is the order of the day and majority want to access information at the

tip of their fingers, improving student study system (ISSS) will help many students in

Oba Akinbiyi Senior secondary schools II (OASSSII), to get access to quality

information resources that they actually need for their academic pursuits.

ISSS would be developed upon an existing digital library platform (ALPHLAOC), and

assignments would be given to the students via library portal.

2.8 Methodology

Methodology refers to the combination of sampling, instrument selection/design, data

collection and data analysis and presentation strategies and the procedures that would be

used to collect and analyze data for meeting the objectives of the research (Tiamiyu,

2006).

In-depth understanding of how the existing system works and the flow of information

through the system’s subunits is very important in designing a new system. The essence

33
of this methodology is to examine how Oba Akinbiyi Senior secondary schools II (OASSSII)

library currently operates, The types of input that are used and the types of report that are

being produced. Thus, the methodological tools for this project include:

i. data collection instruments

ii. system analyses

iii. system design

iv. system development.

2.8.1 Data collection Instrument

It is essential to gather all the facts about a current system to ensure that all strengths and

weaknesses are discovered. In every research work there must be data, so also in system

design and development. Data collection instrument refers to different methods of

gathering data for a research work. The instruments used to gather all necessary

information are:

i. interviews,

ii. direct observation and

iii. record inspections

Interview

This involves formal meetings with individuals to get the background knowledge on

strengths and weaknesses of the existing system and their expectations towards a

computerized system. The Librarian and her assistant were interviewed on their roles and

views of the existing system, since they are directly involved in the process, they are in

the best position to reveal the general operations in cataloguing subunit of the library and

34
retrieval processes. In this study, the mode of interview is unstructured, that is, the

questions were not written in advance.

Record Inspection

Records of the library were systematically gathered and studied individually. Information

about each of these records was recorded. Some of the records examined include: patron’s

registration form, catalogue cards, monograph work sheets, library user tickets, accession

register, and patron file and so on.

2.8.2 System Analysis (SA)

System Analysis is the process of analyzing a system with the goal of improving or

modifying it. System Analysis can also be defined as the general process of defining a

problem, gathering pertinent information, developing alternative solution and choosing

from those solutions (Olatokun, 2005). In other word, system analysis involves the study

and design of system with the aim of improving it.

In other to analyze the existing system efficiently, all operations of the manual system

were identified and weaknesses of the operations were noted. The following processes

were undertaken during the analysis:

i. data were collected about the existing system;

ii. the elements of the existing system were described and analyzed;

iii. the problem associated with the existing system were identified and possible

solution would be suggested.

iv. the best solutions among the alternatives would be chosen

35
After the thorough system analysis have been done the next step is to embark on system

design for digital library system of all collections in OASSSII_Lib.

2.8.3 System Design

It determines how the new system will work to meet the business needs defined during

system analysis. This describes desired features and operations in detail. The system

design is presented through screen layout, process diagrams, pseudocodes and other

documents (Reynolds, 2001).

2.8.4 System Development

This is the activities of creating or modifying existing system. The

System would be developed with the following tools:

 Operating System Platform: Linux (Ubuntu version),

 Database Platform: MySQL,

 Web Server Platform: Apache, and

 Programming Languages: PHP, Javascript, HTML and Ajax. PHP has the ability

of retrieving data from the database. JavaScript resides on client system and is

used for validation. HTML is for web development. Ajax has the ability to keep

all the needed data that has been retrieved by PHP on client system which

prevents PHP from going to database at all times and its supplies data to the client

almost immediately, thus the system do not need to refresh itself.

36
 CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANAYLSIS

3.0 Introduction

Chapman and St. Pierre (1999) defined system analysis as “the systematic and logical

analysis of a problem and the design of a system to correct any of the inefficiencies or

errors which exist in the current operations.” They divided systems analysis into five

steps: understanding current procedures, delineating requirements, determining the

system’s inputs, evaluation of procedures currently used with respect to their fulfilling

requirements, and finally, either design of a new system, proposal of modification of the

existing system, or recommendation to accept the current system if it was evaluated as

successfully meeting the requirements.

Objectives of System Analysis

i To identify the problems of the existing system, i.e. the ‘what’s’ and why’s’ that

make the system to be inadequate and thus call for a better alternatives;

ii To suggest possible solutions to the identified problems

iii To choose among alternatives the best solution to solving the problems; and lastly

iv To design a new system (i.e., computerized cataloguing and retrieval system) to

solve the identified problems.

3.1 The Present System

Oba Akinbiyi Senior Secondary School II Library performs a lot of activities to satisfy its

users

37
The results of the findings (during interviews, observation and records

inspection) revealed that at present, the library holds a lot number of

textbooks, journals, bulletins that is not properly arranged for counting.

OASSSII_Library has staff capacity of two assisted by school library captain

The following component parts were considered during the analysis of the cataloguing

unit of OASSS_Lib:

i. System environment,

ii Objectives and functions,

iii System entities,

iv Entity-attributes relationship,

v Input and output,

vi Processes.

3.1.1 System Environment and Scope of the Analysis

System environment refers to those activities outsides the boundary or scope of a system.

For the cataloguing unit of OASSS_Lib, the environment comprises entities such as

acquisition unit, reader’s service unit (circulation) and administration. These external

entities send input into cataloguing unit and cataloguing unit also serves as input to these

entities.

System boundary is also known as system scope, every system exists within a boundary

constitutes the system environment. The boundary line of a system is the line marking the

limits of the system and it determines what is included within the system and what is not.

The goal(s), objectives and functions of a system are always within the scope of the

system. The diagram below shows the conceptual model of the cataloguing system.

38
 Acquisition System

Digitalizing
System

Readers’ Services Administrative

System System

Fig.3.1: Conceptual Model of Cataloguing System

The manual cataloguing system of Oba Akinbiyi Senior Secondary School II Library

(OASSS_Lib) has the following objective:

i. To enable a person finds book of which the author, the title or the subject is

known;

ii To show what the library has by a given author or a given subject or in a given

kind of literature;

iii To assist in the choice of a book as to its edition or as to its character.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the system performs the following functions:

i. Allows access to the collections and provides services to its user:

ii Enables a person to find a book or other library materials if he/she knows any of

the following:

39
  Author’s name,

 Title of the work, or

 The subject

3.1.2 System Entities

Entities are any distinguishable person, place, thing, event, or concept, about which

information is kept and each entity is described or identified by attributes. For instance,

the entities in the cataloguing and retrieval systems include book, author, publisher and

user. Attributes that identify entities are called key attributes (also known as primary

keys) while the attributes that describe entities are called non-key attributes.

3.1.3 Entities-Attributes Relationships

Entities are persons or things in the system, which possess attributes for which data are to

be stored, referred to or retrieved for processing in accordance with the system

requirement. An entity is described by its attributes or characteristics

Peter (1976) as quoted by Adejumo (2005), proposed an Entity-Relationship (ER) model

as a way to unify the network and relational database views. Simply, the ER model is a

conceptual data model that views the real world as entities and relationships. A basic

component of this model is the Entity-Relationship diagram which is used to visually

represent data objects. Entity relationship is normally identified because it is an important

requirement for determining the file structure and database. The key entity here, are the

books (information resources) that are being catalogued and retrieved and its attributes

are used in determining the file structure and database.

40
 Figure below shows the entity-attribute relationship that is being used for the manual

cataloguing system.
Place of
publication Date of
pub. Class.
Num
Publishe
r Call
Num

Title Acce
-
ssion
No

Document
Type

Autho Document
r Editio
n

No of
Copy
Arrival
Date

Volume
Section
Paginatio
ISBN/
n
Subject ISSN
Heading

41
Fig.3.2: Entity-attribute Relationship

3.1.4 Input and output

Inputs into cataloguing system include readers’ service unit, acquisition unit and

administration unit. These are done through the following means:

i. Textual information from the contents of books or any information resource to be

catalogued.

ii. Management information or requests as contained in budget files, work reports,

statistics file, and inventory records and finally

iii. Transaction information in form of requests or queries from the system user.

Outputs are sent out of the cataloguing system to other units in the library such as readers’

service unit (circulation), acquisition unit, reference unit and administrative unit. The

output of the cataloguing unit includes:

i. Provision of work report statistics to the administrative unit of the

organization (School).

ii. Provision of bibliographic information to library users.

iii. Provision of work reports to the acquisition unit to cross check the holding list

with the accession register.

3.1.5 Processes

Processes performed in the cataloguing system include:

i. Identification of bibliographic elements of the materials to be catalogued;

ii. Checking of bibliographic elements of the books against that of the catalogue;

iii. Subject and descriptive cataloging;

iv. Verification of catalogued entries;

42
v. Typing of catalogue cards;

vi. Verification of the typed catalogue cards;

vii. Labeling and

viii. Sorting and filling of the catalogue cards.

3.2 Problems of the Present System

The result of the findings (during interview, observation and inspection) revealed the

shortcomings of the present system, which need to be reviewed for a better alternative(s).

Thou the system can be said to achieve its objectives, it cannot be said to be efficient

rather it is error prone. The shortcomings are identified as follows:

Looking at it from staff perspective, the manual cataloguing system is slow and boring, it

consumes a lot of time and also inadequate staff and tools in the system slows it down

which lead to backlogs of books. It is usually very difficult editing already catalogued

cards without defacing the card. Hence editing of catalogued cards often result in wastage

of resources as a result of cancellation and repetition.

Also, sorting, filling and modification of the records on an item on the cards requires

considerable efforts in the withdrawals of cards, repetitive correction of the information

and retyping. The card catalogue easily becomes untidy and deteriorates with time.

Since the current system is not organized and manually done, it becomes difficult for the

library management to determine which material is being consulted most and which one

are not and also making it difficult to embark on weeding exercise (that is, removing of

old and non-consulted materials away from shelves).

Seeing it from users’ perspective, the way catalogue cards are kept do not give room for

easy retrieval. The cards are kept in catalogue box haphazardly and have to be searched

43
one after the other before necessary information could be found. Also, users tend to dug

the catalogue cards to search for the materials on shelf one after the other. Hence,

valuable time is spent retrieving the materials that may not be relevant.

As a result of frequent use, either during consultation or otherwise, the documents

deteriorate prematurely. Bad handling of documents also causes damages to the

documents as such reduces their lifespan. Thus, it becomes necessary and urgent that a

new system should be introduced to provide solutions to these problems.

3.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

When analyzing an existing physical system it is advantageous to represent the flow of

documents through a data flow diagram. Data flow diagram is used due to its simplicity

and inherent flexibility for the representation of data flow in a system. DFD is graphical

representation of a system that shows data flow to, from, and within the system. DFDs are

nothing but a network of related system functions (processing of data) that indicate from

where information (data) is received (inputs) and to where it is sent (outputs) (FitzGerald,

1987). Below are the four basic symbols used in data flow diagram;

This represents source or destination of data.

This represents process that transforms data.

This represents data store.

44
 This represents data flow.

K L M

Fig. 3.3: Data Flow Diagram for the Cataloguing System

45
 A. Acquisition Department
B. Cataloguing Department
C. Identification of Bibliographic Elements
D. Pre-cataloguing checking
E. Descriptive and subject cataloguing
F. Verification of Cataloguing Entities
G. Typing of catalogue cards
H. Verification of typed catalogue cards
I. Labeling/pasting
J. Card sorting & filing
K. Card catalogue cabinet

3.4 Proposed Alternative Design to the Existing System

The three alternative systems that are capable of improving the performance of the

existing system will be discussed in this section. These are:

i. Distributed Computerized Catalogue and Retrieval System,

ii. Stand-alone Cataloguing and Retrieval System, and

ii. Turnkey System.

3.4.1 Distributed Computerized Catalogue and Retrieval System

This is the automation of the existing system. It entails creation of database system for

storage and retrieval of documents in the library. This system is a complete automation of

the old system that would ensure that all publications entries are handled electronically. It

would create an electronic storage of the documents’ surrogates in the library and provide

an interface for members to pose queries to the system and retrieve relevant document’s

surrogate and its location on the shelf. The system would allow access by all users

directly from their classrooms and offices conveniently; they do not need to be in the

46
library before they could know the holdings of the library. Current awareness and

selective dissemination services could also be performed by the library system and sent

via network to the required users that have shown interest in such documents.

Benefits of Alternative 1

i. Ease and flexibility of use: Library users would not need to physically be in the

library before knowing what titles are available in the library.

ii. Time used in processing and searching for entries would be reduced significantly

and it will be a function of speed of the network and the system, which are found

to be faster than human. Reduce time in making backup copies of all the

documents’ surrogates.

iii. Current awareness and dissemination services are recent and right on time and

could be automated to limit human interactions.

iv. Improvement of records organization and creation of more secured records.

Disadvantages

i. Web Browser in the systems must be compatible

ii. It requires more energy, time and resources.

iii. Systems on network are less secured.

iv. Higher cost of implementation and maintenance.

3.4.2 Stand-alone Catalogue and Retrieval System

The second alternative would also ensure a complete automation of the existing system,

with the provision of an electronic storage and retrieval system of the documents’

surrogates, but this system is not a network based system, it is a stand-alone system that

47
 performs its functionalities only in the confines of the library. The system has only a

single unit where entries, searches and feedbacks are produced. The system is however

scalable allowing for more systems to be added when expansion is needed in the future.

Benefits of Alternate 2

i. The system is more secured since it will be used and maintained by few personnel in the

library;

ii. Dissemination and current awareness service is only available at the library and alerting

service is provided by system but distributed manually by personnel;

iii. Low capital cost is associated with this system, the system would be used only in the

library and thus networking of the entire institution and the installation and configuration

of networking devices and software would not be required;

iv. Searching and retrieval process are done much faster and effectively by the trained

personnel who may understand users needs better.

3.4.3 A Turkey System

These packages are stand-alone or integrated systems developed and marketed by vendors

for use in library functions. Boss (1979) as quoted by Olalekan (2005) identified some of

the advantages of adopting turkey system and they are as follows:

i. The supplier is responsible for the necessary hardware, software installation and

maintenance;

ii. There is usually a firm contract price and a predictable delivery date; the library has

control over the computer system,

iii. The system would have been installed and tested elsewhere, hence performance is usually

reliable and lastly

48
iv. Cost of designing and programming the system can be spread over several installations.

However, since these turkey systems are not customized they do not fit into the

requirements of the system under design. Systems like these would not need modification

to reflect peculiarities of the library’s cataloguing and retrieval system. Even though, such

system will not require much time in building from the scratch but purchase of such

packages have already been hindered partly by the current exchange rates and the fact that

the library is not profit making body.

Which of the Alternatives

The proposed system is a distributed computerized catalogue and retrieval system which

is the alternative I to solve the identified problems of the manual system.

3.5 Feasibility Study

Feasibility study is used in management as a tool to evaluate the practicability,

workability and probable cost of developing a new system (fitzgerald and Fitzerald,

1987). According to Ross and Gapinski (1998), one of the critical issues in the

development of a system is whether or not the system will meet the need and expectations

of the designers and users. Thus, a feasibility study is necessary to identify the major

needs and concerns of the users and decision makers in the client organization with a

view to present to them a broad range of alternatives from which a choice can be made to

improve or replace the existing system. The system’s feasibilities were considered based

on operational, economic and technical view point.

49
3.5.1 Operational Feasibility

This involves question such as whether an information system has enough support to be

implemented successfully. Though, some processes or activities being carried out will not

be seen as a threat but rather a way to improve effectiveness and efficiency of the current

system.

Alternative 1 entails the use of web compatible software (PHP, JavaScript and MYSQL

log). It comes with a new package (PHP and MYSQL). It is a cross platform i.e. it can

reside on any operating system, scalable and portable and user friendly.

3.5.2 Economic Feasibility

This determines whether the project is financially justified and whether the predicted

benefits offset the cost and time needed to obtain them. Oba Akinbiyi Senior Secondary

School II Library is one of the Oyo state government Library. The financial input to this

proposed system is hereby estimated. The microcomputer plus printer and other materials

are already available and it is already networked only that there will be need to put the

network on the wireless as to enable student make use of their hand device the connect to

the library. The library only needs to upgrade some of its computer systems to meet the

requirements of the new system and also budget some money to contract out the

retrospective conversion aspect of the new system and for staff training. It is therefore

advisable for the management of OASSS_Lib to embrace this proposed system as it is

cost effective. As well that the school is being under major refurblishment as the state

government consider it one of the five school to turn to a model school.

50
3.5.3 Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility is concerned with how the proposed system will be developed and

implemented. The system would be developed through Traditional System Life Cycle

method. Besides, the software to be used are readily available for free because they are

open source and technical know-how for the development and implementation would be

provided through outsourcing method.

3.6 Description of the New System

Cataloguing, digitalization, and classification together are the basis for organization of

library materials. Cataloguing is a procedure designed to describe an item in details such

as; title, author, publisher, date, physical description, subject headings and edition,

digitalization is turning the available material to a digital content while classification is

the process of assigning a number to an item so that it can be shelved or grouped together

with related or similar items. The process of classification puts similar things together on

the shelf to facilitate browsing by the users. Most Librarians use relatively simple

procedures and standard.

This new system is a computerized one in which the data input into the computer system

emanate from the monograph work sheets which contain the full bibliographic

descriptions of each document in the library. Or it entails the retrospective conversion of

the card catalogue into machine readable catalogue (i.e., MARC) to make quick reference

to documents on demand. Therefore, provides fast and easy access to all information

about the library holdings.

51
3.6.1 Objectives of the New System

 To facilitate easy storage and retrieval of the library’s holdings,

 To effectively manage the holdings of the library using a database management

system, and

 To provide information management, which will facilitate the library decision

making as per some issues (such as acquisition, circulation and weeding).

The cataloguing control unit is responsible for ensuring that all cataloguing files are

Consistent and up-to-date and that they correctly reflect the library’s holdings. The new

system is a combination of human and computer application. The intellectual human

input will come from the cataloguer, who does the classification and selection of subject

descriptor and then record them into the input form (work sheet). On receiving the books

from the acquisition department.

The bibliographic data is then sent to the data entry staff to key into the computer System,

the data is checked for error and the necessary editing is done. After data entry and

editing, the master file of the system is then updated to reflect the newly entered data.

Library users or staff can then formulate their search terms based on their information

needs and these search terms are entered in form of queries into the system through the

input device, i.e. keyboard. The output of the query is then displayed through the output

device, i.e. visual display unit.

52
 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEMS DESIGN

4.0 Introduction

System design is the process of defining the hardware and software architecture,

components, modules, interfaces and data for a computer system to satisfy specified

requirements. It includes the task of detailed specification of processing requirement,

input, output, files and segmentation of processing into programs.

There are two approaches of solving design problem; these are top-down and bottom-up

structures, but top-down approach is used in this project work. In a top-down approach,

the program design starts at the highest level (i.e. it starts with the problem) and then

progressively works down to the lowest levels of detail. In other words, we start with the

problem and then subdivided it into other sub-problems; continuing subdividing until the

lowest sub-problems are easy to implement. The main advantage is that by subdividing a

complex problem, each sub-problem is easier to tackle and test. Moreover, this approach

is ideal for problems that are modular in nature, like the cataloguing and information

retrieval system. Thus, this project work contains two modules, namely, the cataloguing

module and the retrieval module.

Fig. 4.1: Diagram of the New System

Catalogue
Module
Retrieval
Module

53
4.1 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) of the new system

Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) of this new system are in two folds:

i. Data Flow Diagram for cataloguing module;

ii. Data Flow Diagram for retrieval module

4.1.1 The Data Flow Diagram for the Cataloguing Module

This consists of the following:

Acquisition: New acquisitions (documents) are received in the acquisition department

before they are passed onto the cataloguing unit. New acquisitions could be textbooks,

CDs, journals, magazine, and so on.

Cataloging: This is the unit where all new acquisitions are processed in other to organize

the documents for easy retrieval, which involves identification of bibliographical

elements, classification, indexing and documentation. These processes are done by a

qualified librarian (Cataloguer) and a para-professional (Library Officer).

Data Entry and Editing: This process is done by both machine and man (Clerical

Officer), and entails data entry of the bibliographical details of the new acquisition.

File Updating: This involves adding new bibliographic data to the cataloguing file and,

also creating current awareness report for the new acquisitions.

The above mentioned processes are being represented graphically in figure 4-2

54
Fig. 4. 2: Data Flow Diagram of the New System (Cataloguing Module)

Acquisition

Cataloguing

Identification
of
bibliographical
elements

Cataloguing
&
Classification

Data entry
& Editing

File
updating
Current
Aware-
ness

Catalog file

55
4.1.2 Data Flow Diagram for Retrieval Module

Data flow diagram for retrieval module starts with the library user (patron) formulating a

search query to satisfy his information needs. The query is then being matched with the

index terms contain in the catalogue file for document to be retrieved. There is a feedback

mechanism between the document retrieved and user to determine if the document

retrieved meets the information needs of the user. The process is represented graphically

in figure 4.3 below.

4.1.3 Data Flow Diagram of the New System (Retrieval Module)

Matching
of query
User Needs Query Search Terms terms with
User Formulation Index
Interface Ind terms

Index terms

Digital
Catalogue
File

Document
Retrieved

Feedback

56
4.2 System Flowchart for the New System

4.2.1 System Flowchart for the Cataloguing Module

Acquisition: Input (i.e. new acquisition (document)) enters into the system from the

acquisition department. These new acquisitions could be textbooks, CDs, Journals

Magazine and so on.

Identification of Bibliographical Elements: This involves identification of

bibliographical elements of the new documents. Bibliographical elements such as:

author\editor, title, imprint statements (publisher, place of publication and data of

publication), pagination, volume, edition series and so on. This bibliographical

information can only be obtained from the title page of the books and cover page or

leaflet of an electronic document such as CD and so on. Any bibliographical information

obtained somewhere else must be placed in square bracket [] as specified in Anglo

America Cataloguing Rule 2 (AACR2). This operation is done by a qualified librarian

(Cataloguer) and a para-professional (Catalogue Officer).

Cataloguing and Classification: This process is in two folds; descriptive cataloguing

(which gives physical details of the document) and subject cataloguing (which

summarizes the intellectual content of the document). The subject cataloguing is

exclusively done by the Cataloguing Librarian.

Data Entry and Editing: This process is done by both machine and man (Clerical

Officer), that is, the key in of the bibliographical details of the new acquisition.

File Updating: This involves adding new bibliographic data to the cataloguing file. This

is represented graphically in figure 4.4

57
Fig.4.4: System Flow Chart of the New System (Cataloguing Module)

New
Acquisition

Identification of
bibliographic
elements

NLM
Classification
Cataloguing
Scheme ,Digitalizing &
Classification
Work
Sheet

AACR2
Data Entry
& Edit

Update File

Digitalize/Cat
alogue
File

4.2.2 System Flowchart for Retrieval Module

The retrieval process starts with the user formulating a query in regards to his

information needs through the user interface of the system (i.e. search form) and using the

query terminologies and facilities of the system ( for example, user can either search by

author, or subject). The search terms are matched with the index terms stored in the

catalogue database to see if the document exists or not. There is a feedback mechanism to

58
verify if the documents retrieved meet the information needs of the user. This process is

represented graphically in figure 4.5 below.

Fig. 4.5: System Flow Chart of the New System (Retrieval Module)

User Search Term Matching of search

User Query
needs terms with index
Interface Formulation terms
n

Catalogue/
Digital File

Document
Retrieved

Feedback

59
4.3 Database Design

One of the most basic tools used for organizing information is the database. Databases are

organized collections of data. They are the structures that underlie many of our

information systems. A database is a set of records, each representing a specific entity, all

constructed in the same way (with attributes), and connected by relationships (Taylor,

2004).

The database for this system contains twenty (21) tables each consisting of several fields

with specific data type, data size, data format and description of each attribute. which are:

 Activities Table: this table keeps the information about what the activities

perform by individual user

 Assignment Table: this table will relate the assignment given by the teacher and

the submit by the student

 User Group Table: this table gives access to every library user. There are four

categories of user; Student (S), Teacher (R), Coordinator and Library Staff (T).

 Document Table: this table contains the details information of the library

holdings.

 Cleine User Table: this table contains necessary information that a student needs

to fill before he can access the system.

 Staff User Table: this table contains necessary information that a staff needs to

fill before he can access the system.

 User Class Table: this contains all the Student Class in the school.

60
 DocumentType Table: this contains different types of documents that the library

holds, such as textbook, journals, maps, electronic materials, bulletins, reports,

theses, dissertations, and so on.

 Assignment Submit Table: this table will keep the submission of the student

assignment

 Assignment given Table: this will keep the assignment given by the teacher

 Class Type Table: this table contains information about departments in the school

 User log Table: this table contains sessions of each users.

 Next Info Table: this table stores the information about the next of kin of the

student

 Passport Table: table this table will keep the image of the student

 Day list table: the table contain the likely days of the Month

 Local Goverment Table: the table will contain the Local Goverment in Nigeria

 Month List Table: this table host the Month of the Year

 State List Table: the table will be keeping all State in Nigeria

 Student Info Table: the personal information of the student will be in this table

 Subject Table: the table houses the entire subject that will be available for student

 Year List Table: this table house list of years

61
4.3.1 Database Schema

Table 4.1: Schema for Activities Table

SNO NAME DATA WIDTH CONSTRAINTS
TYPE

1 ACTID INT 10 PRIMARY KEY

2 ASSIGNID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

3 BOOKID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

4 SUBJECTID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

Table 4.2: Schema for Assignment Table

SNO NAME DATA WIDTH CONSTRAINTS
TYPE

1 ASSIGNID INT 10 PRIMARY KEY

2 USERID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

3 GIVENID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

4 SUBMITID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

5 ASSIGN_GRADE DOUBLE 10

Table 4.3: Schema for Assignment given Table

SNO NAME DATA WIDTH CONSTRAINTS
TYPE

1 GIVENID INT 10 PRIMARY KEY

2 SUBJECTID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

3 ASSIGN_QUESTION TEXT

4 CLASSID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

5 DATE_GIVEN DATETIME

62
 6 DATE_OF_LAST_SUBMIT DATETIME

Table 4.4: Schema for Assignment sumit Table

SNO NAME DATA WIDTH CONSTRAINTS
TYPE

1 SUBMITID INT 10 PRIMARY KEY

2 S_PID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

3 USERID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

4 SUBJECTID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

5 ANSWER TEXT

6 CLASSID INT 10 FOREIGN KEY

7 DATE_SUBMIT DATETIME

Table 4.5: Schema for Class Type Table

Field Type Null Key Comments
DeptID int(3) No PK Being the field that uniquely identify the table
Being the name of the departments in the
DeptName varchar(30) No
College

Table 4.6: Schema for Document Table

Field Type Null Key Comments
DocumentID int(5) No PK
DocumtTypeID int(5) No FK
AccNum int(6) No
CallNum Varchar No
ClassNum Varchar No
AuthorID int(1) No FK
Title varchar(50) No
Edition Varchar No
Volume Varchar No
ISBN/ISSN Varchar No
Pagination Varchar No

63
YearOfPub Varchar No
SubjectHeading Varchar No
Publisher Varchar No
Place of Varchar No
Publication
Source varchar No
SectionID int(1) No FK

Table4.7: Schema for Documenttype Table

Field Type Null Key Comments
DocumtTypeID int(5) No PK The field that uniquely identity the table
Name Varchar No Name of the material type

Table 4.8: Schema for cliente user Table

Table comments: The table that allow users to access to the system
Field Type Null Key Comments
Being the field that uniquely
user_log_id varchar(10) No PK
identifies each record in the table
Being the field that identifies
UserName varchar(15) No
individual user of the system
Being the field that authorizes each
Password Password No
user to use the system
group_id int No FK
class_id int FK
enum('Active',
status
'Deactive')

Table 4.9: Schema for Student Info Table

Field Type Null Key Comments
The field that uniquely identifies record in the
Stu_num int(5) No PK
table
FirstName varchar(15) No The first name of the patron
Surname varchar(15) No The father’s name of the patron
enum('S', S for student, T for staff and R for resident
PatronStatus No
'T', 'R') doctor
enum('M',
Gender No M for male and F for female
'F')

64
 Being the date that the user register with
RegDate Date No
library
Username Varchar(15) No This field shows different categories of users.

Table 4.10: Schema for user class Table

Field Type Null Key Comments
Being the field that uniquely identify each
classid int(5) No PK
record in the table
Being the field that references department
class_typeid int(3) No FK
table
classname Varchar(35) No

Table 4.11: Schema for user group Table

Field Type Null Key Comments
Being the field that uniquely identify
group_id int(5) No PK
each record in the table
GroupName varchar(10 No It specifies the group

Table 4.12: Schema for user log Table

Field Type Null Key Comments

Being the field that uniquely identifies
log_id int(5) N PK
each record in the table
Being the field that references users
user__log_id int(5) No FK
table

log_in_time Time

log_out_time Time

log_ststus Int(‘1’,’0’

login_IP Varchar(35)

65
Table 4.13: Schema for year list Table

Field Type Null Comments

Key
The field that uniquely identifies each record in
yearID int(1) No PK the table

int
year No Being section in the library

Table 4.15: Schema for Month List Table

Field Type Null Key Comments
Being field that uniquely identifies record
MonthID int(5) No PK
in the table
Month Char(20) No FK Field that references document table

Table 4.16: Schema for Day List Table

Field Type Null Key Comments

Being field that uniquely identifies record
DayID int(5) No PK
in the table
Day Char(20) No

Table 4.17: Schema for Local Government Table

Field Type Null Key Comments

Being field that uniquely identifies record
locaID int(5) No PK
in the table
StateId Char(20) No Field that references state table
Local_Gov Char Localgov Name

Table 4.18: Schema for State List Table

Field Type Null Key Comments

Being field that uniquely identifies record
stateID int(5) No PK
in the table
State Char(20) No

Table 4.19: Schema for Next Info Table

SNO NAME DATA WIDTH CONSTRAINTS
TYPE

1 NEXTID INT 10 PRIMARY KEY

66
 2 FULLNAME CHAR 75

3 OCCUPATION CHAR

4 RELATIONSHIP CHAR

Table 4.20: Schema for passport Table

SNO NAME DATA WIDTH CONSTRAINTS
TYPE

1 PHOTOID INT 10 PRIMARY KEY

2 PHOTODATA BLOB

3 PHOTO_SIZE INT 20 FILE SIZE

4 PHOTO_TYPE CHAR 10

Table 4.8: Schema for staff user Table

Table comments: The table that allow users to access to the system
Field Type Null Key Comments
Being the field that uniquely
user_log_id varchar(10) No PK
identifies each record in the table
Being the field that identifies
UserName varchar(15) No
individual user of the system
Being the field that authorizes each
Password Password No
user to use the system
group_id int No FK
subjectid int FK Subject teaching by the staff
enum('Active',
status
'Deactive')

67
Fig.4.6: Database Relationshi p Diagram

4.3.2 Constraints

68
  Status in the user relation can be student, teachers, coordinators or library

Staff.

 User can search for a document if either of the title, or subject of the document is

known.

 Whenever a book is issued, a new record is added to the User document table

and a NULL value is assigned to return_date. When the borrower returns the

book, this field is updated to the date of return.

 Password will be issued to the various categories of users (administrator, teachers,

and library user) at the database level in case the user is a student he/she must first

register at the first visit to the Elibrary of ISSS.

4.4 Design

forms are used to populate the database. The efficiency of input is determined in large

measure by the input format. The time it takes to fill in a form depends largely on the

design of the form. Likewise, the time for keying the data on the form for computer

processing of the keyed data depends on the input format.

Forms are used in the cataloguing and retrieving system to elicit data from the user. They

are graphical and user friendly. Seven forms are used to populate the database, namely:

login form, patron registration form, document details form, search form, borrower form,

and utility form. These forms consist of labeled buttons, command buttons, textboxes and

data controls. The forms were designed and programmed to accept data, validate and store

data in the library database.

Below are some details and examples of the input forms designed for the system:

69
4.4.1 Login Form:

This form can also be referred to as authorization form. It is designed to give access

privilege to the deserved users and deny undeserved users the right to access the library

database. It contains certain field elements that serve as part of in-built security measure

for the system such as user name and password.

Fig. 4.7: ISSS Login Form

4.4.2 Registration Form

This contains field elements that are used to collect student personal data from the library.

Fig. 4.8: ISSS Registration Form

70
`
4.4.3 Document Form

This is used to input the bibliographical details and other necessary information about the

71
library documents into the database.

Fig. 4.9: ISSS Document Form

4.4.4 Search Form

This form serves as interface between the patron and the library documents. It allows the

users to search for a particular document when either its author, title or the subject is

known.

72
Fig. 4.10: ISSS Search Form

4.4.5 Liberian Module

This form load every activities that would be performed by the Liberian.

Fig. 4.11: Form

73
4.4.6 Teachers Module

This form load every activities that would be perform by the Teachers.

Fig. 4.12: ISSS Teachers Module Form

4.4.7 Student Module Activities

This form load every activities that would be performed by the Student.

Fig. 4.13: ISSS Student Module Form

74
4.4.8 Principal Module Activities

This form load every activities that would be performed by the Principal.

Fig. 4.14: ISSS Principal Module Form

4.4.9 Teacher Assignment Submodule

This page allow teachers to give assignment to the students

Fig. 4.15: ISSS Assignment Submodule

75
4.8 Hardware and Software Specification

This specification is divided into two:

 Server side and

 Client side

4.8.1 Server Side

The specifications for the processing hardware in the design are;

CPU Intel PertiumIV-2.6GH2 40CB HDD, 256 MB RAM.

UPS Mercury 600VA

Stabilizers 1000VA

Printer Laser Jet 1300

Backup Facilities CR-RW/CD-R,CD writer, Flash Drive

The specifications for the Software include:

Operating System- Linux (Ubuntu)

DBMS – MySQL Version 5. 2

ISSS Version 1.0

4.8.2 Client Side

The specifications for the hardware to be used by the users are;

o Any type of operating system

o Any browser such as Conqueror, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera and so

on

o Type in http://Localhost/isss or http://server IP/isss.

76
4.9 Security and Control Design

Security relates to control over access to systems and their underlying files while controls

refers to the monitoring of data entry and processing to ensure that the result of such work

is reliable. System control and security measures must be taken to prevent disaster or

accidental damage, unauthorized access and use of data; as well as to keep the system in

functional state. The tasks of security and control cover the data, hardware and software

part of the information system. Some of the security and control measures to employ

include pass wording, backup procedure, physical protection, virus control.

4.9.1 Pass Wording

Password is devised in order to restrict access to the system or parts of it. Each registered

user will be given a peculiar password to access the system. The system is designed in

such a way that users are requested to enter their passwords before they can have access

to the system.

4.9.2 Backup Procedure

To prevent loss of data and total collapse of the system, it is important that a backup

mechanism be set up to back up the library database.

There will be duplicates of this database on my personal system, also on the system of my

supervisors as well as one of the designated system of the Center.

4.9.3 Physical Protection

This means of ensuring system security and control has to do with restricting access to

both the hardware and software parts of the system in order to safeguard the entire system

from theft, and unauthorized access to data.

77
4.9.4 Virus Control

To forestall infection of the system by viruses, the following precautions will be taken:

 Unauthorized access to the computer will not be allowed

 Use of external flash drive and software will not be allowed on the library

computer especially the Server system.

 No employee irrespective of his or her capacity will be allowed to install

unauthorized software on the server system.

 Periodic virus scans of the system with antivirus program to check the system for

infection will be made compulsory upon the other work station in the library.

 Other security and control measures include the use of UPS (Uninterrupted Power

Supply),which acts as standard source of electric power for the system in order to

save work and power-down the system in case of power failure.

Stabilizers

This is used to stabilize the inflow of electric current to the system and prevent damage to

hardware and software components.

78
 CHAPTER FIVE

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND DOCUMENTATION

5.2.1 System Testing

This process tests the interaction of each module within the system. The modules connect

and interact with each other and no discrepancies were discovered between the system’s

original objectives and the current operation of the new system.

5.2.2 Running Live Data

This involves testing the system with real word data and real users. Real data from the

work sheets and real library users were used to test the workability of the system, the data

were uploaded perfectly and search queries generated the desired outcomes (i.e.

documents). In anticipation of ignorant and careless users of the system, bad data were

supplied to see if the program would crash. But instead of crashing, appropriate help

messages popped up instructing on what data type were appropriate or required. When

tested, it was discovered that the time taken by the system to process was very fast.

5.3 Module Testing

All modules for this system were tested to ascertain their functionalities and

compatibilities, the outcomes are as follow:

5.3.1 Login Module

This is the module that authorizes people to access the system. The module’s validation

was tested by inputting wrong password, a message display “wrong password” appeared

and the user was denied the access to the system.

5.3.2 Regitration Module

79
If the user attept to log in and its not authenticate, it likely that if he/she is a student it is

require of him/her to first register and wait the administrator to activate the person to

login, this form will capture the student bio-data

5.3.3 Student Module

Student module contains sub modules such as:
o Search book
o View test
o Submit test
o View personal profile
o Log-out
5.3.4 Administrator/Liberian Module
This module contains sub modules such as
o Create user: activate and Deactivate user
o Load books and remove books
o View and edit student profile
o Contact user
o logout
5.3.5 Teachers Module
This module consist other sub-modules such as:
o search book
o give assignment
o contact student
o and logout

5.3.6 Principal Module

o Search for books

o View student activities by the library user

o View student profile

o Contact student

80
 o And logout

5.4 System and Program Documentation

The documentation is organized into three sections which correspond to the three types,

namely: system manual, data dictionary and user manual. Each module's section

documentation is then broken down into a series of high level categories. Each category

contains an introduction or overview type page that describes what type of pages and

information that are contained within the category. The main categories that are consistent

across all application documentation sections include:

5.4.1 System Manual

This contains information that are helpful to understand the application such as;

architecture, features, requirements, naming conventions, the directory structure and files

descriptions. It also provides the details on how to setup and install the application, how

to configure and customize it, as well as any system issue. It also describes the actual

design and implementation details, such as request flows (data flow diagram and system

flow chart), URL parameters and what they do, etc.

The intended audience for this documentation includes program managers, web content

managers, system administrators, system developers, and project managers. Details of

this information can be found in the help menu of the administrator module of the

application. Below are installation guides for the system Administrator:

i. Download Operating System (Unbutu) from the Internet been an OpenSource

software,

81
 ii. Install the Operating System by inserting the Unbutu CD-ROM written from

(i) into CD- ROM drive,

iii. Download the Database (Mysql ), Database Administration program

(phpMyadmin) and Webserver(Apache), these are OpenSource software,

iv. Install all these supporting software, create database (isss_lib)

v. Insert the ISSS installation CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive,

vi. Locate the CD-ROM drive icon by double clicking on “my computer” icon on the

desktop

vii. Locate the ISSS folder by double-clicking on CD-ROM drive icon,

viii Login into the Operating System (Unbutu) as root user using sudo

Viii Copy ISSS folder into webserver e.g Apache (Linux or Microsoft Windows)

or IIS (Microsoft Windows) on /var/www folder of Ubuntu.

ix. Give each files and folders e.g image, template, include, class library in the ISSS

folder appropriate permission using chmod 755,

x. Lunch your browser to see if your installation is successful.

5.4.2 User Manual

ISSS is an automated digital library cataloguing and retrieval system that offers efficient

methods of organizing, storing, processing, retrieving and reporting cataloguing and

retrieving information for both library staff and library cleintes. The user manual for this

system is the documentation on how to operate the system by every user which consist

the followings:

i. Main menu screen: From Desktop, lunch in any browser, type the following

URL:

http://localhost/isss. There appears an interface which contains login. Type in

82
 your username and password in the authorization submenu to login before you can

gain access to other navigations.

ii. You will be taken to the appropriate welcome page of the group or categories

you

iii. Click on appropriate menu of what the group you belong can access

iv. To exit, click on the logout.

5.4.3 Record Structure

The processing functions that the system is programmed to perform are:

i. Data entry (i.e. student registration and document registration, )

ii. Data update (i.e. user registration renewal, document update assignment

update,)

iii. Data enquiry (i.e. searching and document retrieving) and

iv. Record display .

5.4.4 Data Entry and Updating of Record

Data entry entails the entering of user data and document data into the system database.

From the log in page, operator logs in with his/her username and password which has

been created for her at the database level. This gives him/her the privilege to access other

forms to carry out necessary activities such as: documents entry, editing, updating and so

on. These activities are what we referred to as data maintenance (i.e. adding new records,

changing data in the existing record and removing unwanted records from the database).

5.4.5 Document Searching/Retrieving

In this system, users can search for a specific document either by:

83
 o the title of the document, which could be any of phrase or word of the title,

o the author of the document, which could be any phrase or word of the author,

o the subject of the document.

5.4.6 Report Generation

The library administrators need some reports on the activities or operations of the library.

The administrators need to login with their usernames and passwords which has been

created at the database level in order to access the report page. The report page contains;

the library stock list, library transaction and patron list.

5.5 User Control

The ISSS system has four level of password: Administrator/Liberian, Student, Teachers

and Coordinators/Principal

i. The Database Administrator will be responsible for registering other users and

setting up various levels of password for the users .

ii. The password can be alphanumeric and is case sensitive

iii. The system requires all users to enter their passwords before they can access other

form.

iv. User who has not been set up cannot use the system.

5.5.1 Starting up the Improving Student Study System (Digital Library)

i. power on the computer and allow it to boot;

ii from the desktop, lunch in any browser

iii type in the following IRL: http://localhost/isss if you are working directly on the

84
 server otherwise type in http://server-ip-address/isss

iv the main menu page will appear which introduces the application to you.

v type in your username and password with authorization subheading to login.

Vi the authorization page will automatically allow you to access other pages where

you can carry out the specific activities.

5.6 Program Codes

Coding is the process of writing instructions in programming language, which are both

understandable and accepted to the computer. The details of this application codes are in

the appendix.

85
 CHAPTER SIX

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

6.0 Introduction

Implementation is the stage of system analysis that involves all those processes

undertaken from the conversion of the old system to the new system. It is the process of

making a new system operational in the organization.

The purpose of system implementation can be summarized as follows: making the new

system available to a prepared set of users (the deployment), and positioning on-going

support and maintenance of the system within the performing organization (the

transition). At a finer level of detail, deploying the system consists of executing all steps

necessary to educate the consumers on the use of the new system, placing the newly

developed system into production, confirming that all data required at the start of

operations are available and accurate, and validating that functions that interact with the

system are functioning properly. Transitioning the system support responsibilities

involves changing from a system development to a system support and maintenance mode

of operation, with ownership of the new system moving from the project team to the

performing organization.

86
Thus, for the implementation of the new system, there must be a plan and schedule of all

activities to be taken during the implementation exercise. It includes software acquisition,

software development, user preparation, hiring and training of personnel, site and data

preparation, installation, testing, start-up, and user acceptance.

6.1 Implementation Plan

This section considers the factors that will play a part in the process of implementing a

system. Sound planning of the implementation is crucial to its success - poor planning

and inadequate resourcing are often primary causes of system implementation failures. A

good implementation plan requires thorough understanding of the system, personnel

needs, hardware and software requirements, file and procedure conversion activities. All

resources (financial, technical and human) of the organization must be organized, in most

cases by a set committee among whom the system analyst is necessarily a member.

The recommended implementation plan for this system will be discussed under the

following headings:

i. System Conversion

ii. Personnel Training

iii. Organizational Changes

iv. Documentation.

6.1.1 System Conversion

Conversion is the change over from old system to new system. The conversion process

must be planned, explained, justified and executed carefully to prevent error, chaos or

abandonment.

87
Conversion can be accomplished in various ways depending on the situation at hand or

preferences. Conversion procedure can be one of the following:

 Parallel running: This is simultaneous running of the old and new system until file

conversion is completed and there is enough confidence to phase out the old

system.

 Direct cutover: This is the abrupt or immediate switch over from old system to the

new system.

 Pilot approach: In this method, a working version of the new system is

implemented in one department of the organization until the system is found

efficient and reliable to be installed throughout the organization. This method

builds the confidence in the use of the system and errors are traced easily.

Parallel conversion approach have been known to be the best method of system

conversion, because it allows the staff of the organization to become gradually familiar

with the new system and if there is any serious problem, they can always fall back on old

system. Thus, parallel approach was considered the best for this system.

6.1.2 Personnel Training

Training program is very important whenever a new system is being implemented. This is

to educate the end users on the operations of the new system and to familiarize them with

the new system in order to prevent system failure.

During the training program, the librarian and other library staff would be made to

understand the basic principle of database management and the use of the ISSS

88
application.

Training Method

The training will be organized in-house with dedicated time frame. The resource

personnel would be the system designer herself. The functions and workings of the

application software will be explained and taught during this period and this set of people

will in turn train the student and the teacher on the importance of making use of the

digital library.

6.1.3 Site Preparation

A major aspect of conversion is the preparation of the system site. It has to do with the

provision of all necessary physical environment and condition necessary for the

implementation of the new system. Site preparation entails putting a physical office space

in place for accommodating the new system if need be.

Owing the fact that the library already has quite number of computers with network

facilities, little site preparation is needed. We just need to upgrade one computer to server

requirement and configure a wireless router to enable student using their hand device to

connect to the system without visically entering the library.

6.1.4 Documentation/System manual

Documentation is another important aspect of system design that cannot be left out. It can

either be technical or user documentation.

Technical Documentation

This is a written details used by computer operators to execute the program and by

89
analysts and programmers in case there are problems with the program or the program

needs modification.

User Documentation

User documentation on the other hand is a written description developed for individuals

who use the program, showing users, in easy to understand terms, how the program can

and should be used. One of the most important reasons why documentation is necessary is

that the system and the organization might remain, but human being is liable to change.

The system would remain but analyst, the programmer and the system operators might no

more be available in the organization.

In addition, according to Murdick et al (1984), in the work of Onilude (2005),

documentation is a necessity for troubleshooting, for replacement of subscriptions, for

interfacing with other systems, for training new operating personnel and for evaluating

and upgrading the system.

6.2 System Evaluation

System evaluation is an important issue in implementation and it is to determine if the

system is doing what it has been designed to do and how effectively and efficiently the

system is doing it. Evaluation is the final step taken in the process of system

development. There are many reasons for carrying out system evaluation such as:

 To know how well it has been able to accomplish the system’s overall objectives

 To identify problem areas

 To compare two systems and see how well they are doing relatively.

90
Hence, the system evaluation stage is therefore one of the vital stages of information

system design and such information system evaluation should be properly carried out in

other to find out how the system has affected the organization and even the users.

The following criteria might be considered when carrying out system evaluation:

 Functionality: software engineering issues such as reliability, robustness and

efficiency, but also the particular technical novelties of a system

 Efficiency: does the system do what it is intended/needed to do?

 Usability: is the system easy to use for its intended user population?

 Effect on the Individual: psychological, social, political, question are relevant here

on what the system does to its users.

 Effect on the organization: does the system make the organization more profitable.

How does the organization structure and culture change due to the system’s

implementation?

 Effect on the wider Society: does the implementation of the system affect society

outside the organization? Are these changes positive or negative?

Generally, there are two methods of evaluating any web based system: Verification and

Validation (Rakitin, 1997). Questionnaire was designed as a tool to evaluate the system

validity and to verify the system accuracy.

91
 CHAPTER SEVEN

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.0 Introduction

This chapter contains the informative abstract, adequate summary and the

recommendations made as a result of the findings of the study.

7.1 Summary

This project work was done with the aim to study and analyze the current system and to

design an alternative computerized cataloguing and information retrieval system that

would ensure effective learning and research activities in Oba Akinbiyi Senior Secondary

School II Library (OASSSII_Lib). A vivid analysis and design of the computerized

cataloguing and information retrieval system of OASSSII_Lib shows clearly that

effective management of the documents of various types in the library will go a long way

in the achievement of the Institutional goals (learning and research) in good time.

The data collection instruments used to obtain the aforementioned information includes

the following:

o Observation,

92
 o Interviewing and

o Records inspection.

This enabled the researcher to determine the processes, information flow and decision

points in the library.

The old system was also analyzed using a dataflow diagram for greater clarification. The

problems of the current system were diagnosed to include the followings:

o Difficulty in records management, information collection, storage and retrieval,

o Difficulty in processing of documents and generation of relevant reports for the

system.

As part of the analysis, an appropriate alternative system (computerized) was designed to

provide solution to the above stated problems existing in the cataloguing and retrieval

system of OASSSII_Lib. Apart from the fact that computerization would make the

cataloguing and retrieval processes more effective and efficient, it would also enhance

greater ease of operation. Reports can also be generated when needed and also provide

school management with appropriate information to facilitate decision-making on their

student and teachers.

7.2 Conclusion

The primary responsibility of OASSSII_Lib to its user is timely provision of the required

information, which to some extent is being done but could be improved upon by

automating the cataloguing unit of the library in to a digital lbrary. The cataloguing and

retrieval system of the library serve as the heart of the library. The study revealed that:

93
 i. Routine clerical function such as sorting, searching for records and editing

required considerable efforts as they tends to be boring.

ii. Based on the growing rate of collection and patronage received by the library it

was found that automation of the cataloguing unit and retrieval system is

desirable.

iii. The workflow in the cataloguing system is slow and unsatisfactory. The

maintenance and update of card catalogue frequently lagged behind and thus not

allowing the catalogue to reflect the current situation of book stock in the library.

The automated system was designed in order to:

 Do better, faster and more efficiently what is currently being done manually,

 Produce services and products which were neither feasible nor possible with the

manual system and lastly

 Improve access to collections and book that can be access withoth visically

entering the library: thus in a digital format.

7.3 Recommendation

Due to technical and time constraints faced in the course of developing the system for this

study, I will like to give the following recommendations about the developed system:

i. It is expedient that other library staffs that are yet to be computer literate should

proceed on computer literacy programme immediately so as to be able to use the

new system effectively and efficiently.

ii. The librarian who is the personnel in charge of the new system should ensure the

wise use of the new system.

94
iii. The library should also go further into full text of its documents in order to

provide the users with the intellectual contents of the library holdings online and

for the purpose of preservation.

iv. This elibrary can be absorb by the Oyo State Government and install in all the

state secondary school especially in the five school that the state want to refine to

a model school these are Islamic High School, Bashoru Ibadan; Oba Akinbiyi

High School Ibadan; Obaseku High School, Eruwa; Baptist High School Saki; and

Oliveth High School, Oyo

v. Also, the new system should be expanded to accommodate other units of the

library in other to enjoy the benefits of Integrated Library System fully.

95
96
 Appendix I

Improving Student Study System (ISSS) EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE

A. Please click the appropriate option form the listed options

 What is your status? student -------- teacher ------- coodinator ------- library
Officer -------
 If not student what’s the highest degree/diploma you received or pursuing?
degree ______________ major ___________________ year _____________   
  What is your gender?   o Female     o Male

 Have you participated in online searching before?

Yes. Please specify ----------------------------------------------------------------
    No

 Overall, you’ve been doing online searching for _________ years?  

B Please tick the number closest to your experience of using improving student
study system (ISSS)
Not at all quite a lot
1. The system interface is friendly 1 3 5
2. It was easy to search questions with
1 3 5
this system.
3. Five minutes per search was enough
1 3 5
time to find an appropriate answer.
4. I found good answers to most of the
1 3 5
questions.
5. It was easy to recognize answers once
1 3 5
they were found.
6. Pre-search knowledge of the question
1 3 5
topics helped me find the answers.
 
Please make any additional comments you wish to make about this
system:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

97
 Appendix 2

Source Codes

Login
<? session_start(); ?>
<? include("include_page.php"); ?>
<?

$mydb=new DB;
$mydb->connect_select('localhost','isss_lib','root','');

// mysql_connect("localhost","root","") or die(mysql_error());
//mysql_select_db("nasfa") or die (mysql_error());

$errorMessage = '';
if (isset($_POST['user_id']) && isset($_POST['user_pw'])) {
$ID= $_POST[user_id];
$PW= $_POST[user_pw];
$_SESSION['user']=$ID;

$login=new login;
$login->login_authenticate($ID,$PW);

$errorMessage ='Sorry, Invalid User Id / Password';

?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<!--
Design by Free CSS Templates
http://www.freecsstemplates.org
Released for free under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License

Name : Adhesive
Description: A three-column, fixed-width blog design.

98
Version : 1.0
Released : 20100406

-->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Improving Student Study System</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="Adhesive" content="" />
<link href="default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" /><style
type="text/css">
<!--
body {
margin-left: 50px;
margin-right: 50px;
}
#Layer1 {
position:absolute;
left:93px;
top:14px;
width:100px;
height:55px;
z-index:1;
}
-->
</style></head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper" align="center">
<!-- start header -->
<div id="header_login" align="left">
<div id="logo">
<h1><a href="#"><span>ISSS</span></a> </h1>
<p1>Improving Student Study System</p1>
<p align="right">Digital Library for Oba Akinbiyi Senior
Secondary School II <br />
Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria </p>
</div>

</div>
<!-- end header -->
<!-- start page -->
<div id="page">
<div id="page-bgtop">
<div id="page-bgbtm">

<!-- start content -->

<div id="content">
<div class="post">

99
 <h1 align="center"
class="title">Student Login</h1>
<div class="entry"><form id="login"
name="login" method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?
>">
<table width="229" border="0"
align="center">
<tr>
<td width="74"><div align="left"><strong>USER ID
</strong></div></td>
<td width="616"><label>
<input name="user_id" type="text" id="user_id" />
</label></td>
</tr>
<?php
if ($errorMessage != '') {
?>
<p align="center"><strong><font color="#990000" id="formtext"><?php echo
$errorMessage; ?></font></strong></p>
<?php
}
?>

<tr>

<td><strong>PASSWORD</strong></td>
<td><label>
<input name="user_pw" type="password" id="user_pw" />
</label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><label>
<div align="center">
<input name="login" type="submit" id="login"
value="Login" />
</div>
</label></td>
</tr>
</table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><label>
<div align="center">
<a href="http://localhost/isss/registration_b4.php">New To
Site:Click to Register</a>
</div>
<div align="center">
<a
href="http://localhost/isss/indexx.php">Staff:Click to Login</a>
</div>
</label></td>

100
 </tr>

</form>

<p align="center">&nbsp;</p>
</div>
</div>

</div>
<!-- end content -->
<!-- start sidebars -->

<!-- end sidebars -->

<div style="clear: both;">&nbsp;</div>
</div>
<!-- end page -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer-wrapper">
<div id="footer">
<p class='copyright'>&copy;&nbsp;&nbsp;2014 Digital Library for
Senior Secondary School, Developed by Olagoke Olusegun Micheal, IMIS
Student Reg No.346049, tel:+234 8060588180, email: tunbosu@gmail.com </p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Registration
<?
require('includes/Page.inc.php');
//require('incSession.php');
//require("template/body.php");
session_start();
//error_reporting(E_ERROR);
//print_r($_FILES);

//print_r($_POST);

if (isset($_POST))
{
$formdata = $_POST;
}
else
$monthly_savings =0;

101
 if (count($_FILES) > 0)
{
$imagedata = $_FILES;

$uploaddir = "upload/";

if (!(file_exists($uploaddir)))
mkdir($uploaddir);

//$_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name'] = str_replace("\\", "/",

$_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name']);
// echo $_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name']."\n";

// echo "<h5>file_name = ".$file_name." ".$counter."</h5>";

$type = $_FILES['imageFile']['type'];
$uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_FILES['imageFile']
['name']);

// echo $uploadfile."\n";

//echo '<pre>';

if (!(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['imageFile']
['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)))
echo "Possible file upload attack!\n";

print "</pre><br>";
$_SESSION['picture'] = $uploadfile;
$_SESSION['type'] = $type;
}
class mainClass extends page
{

function homePage()
{
global $formdata, $imagedata, $uploadfile;
$stu_no = $formdata['stu_no'];
$sur_name = $formdata['sur_name'];
$first_name = $formdata['first_name'];
$other_name = $formdata['other_name'];
$dob = $formdata['dob'];
$sex = $formdata['sex'];
$class = $formdata['class'];
$country = $formdata['country'];
$state = $formdata['state'];
$local = $formdata['local'];

102
 $town = $formdata['town'];
$tribe = $formdata['tribe'];
$address = $formdata['address'];
$phone = $formdata['phone'];
$email = $formdata['email'];
$religion = $formdata['religion'];
$name = $formdata['name'];
$relation = $formdata['relation'];
$phone_no = $formdata['phone_no'];
$add = $formdata['add'];
$job = $formdata['job'];
$user = $formdata['user'];
$pass = $formdata['pass'];
$password = $formdata['password'];
?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<!--
Design by Free CSS Templates
http://www.freecsstemplates.org
Released for free under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License

Name : Adhesive
Description: A three-column, fixed-width blog design.
Version : 1.0
Released : 20100406

-->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Improving Student Study System</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="Adhesive" content="" />
<link href="default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" /><style
type="text/css">
<!--
body {
margin-left: 50px;
margin-right: 50px;
}
#Layer1 {
position:absolute;
left:93px;
top:14px;
width:100px;

103
 height:55px;
z-index:1;
}
-->
</style></head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper" align="center">
<!-- start header -->
<div id="header_login" align="left">
<div id="logo">
<h1><a href="#"><span>ISSS</span></a> </h1>
<p1>Improving Student Study System</p1>
<p align="right">Digital Library for Oba Akinbiyi Senior
Secondary School II <br />
Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria </p>
</div>

</div>
<!-- end header -->
<!-- start page -->

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">

function upload_image()
{
document.form.action= "registration.php";
document.form.submit();
}

function Validate()
{
//alert("Trying to validate")
Message = ""
Message = Message + CheckForm()

if (Message == "") {
document.form.submit();
return true
}
else {
alert(Message)
return false
}
}

function CheckForm()
{
var stu_no = document.form.stu_no.value

104
 var staff_no = document.form.staff_no.value
var salutation = document.form.salutation.value
var first_name = document.form.first_name.value
var middle_name = document.form.middle_name.value
var last_name = document.form.last_name.value
var sex = document.form.sex.value
var contact_address = document.form.contact_address.value
var department = document.form.department.value
var mobile_phone = document.form.mobile_phone.value
var office_phone = document.form.office_phone.value
var email = document.form.email.value
var monthly_savings = document.form.monthly_savings.value

// if (coop_no == "") {
// Message = "Something's wrong with your Cooperative No" +
"\n"
// }
// else
// if (staff_no=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter staff no" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (salutation=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter salutation" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (first_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter First Name" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (middle_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Middle Name" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (last_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter SurName" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (contact_address=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Contact Address" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (sex=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Sex" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (monthly_savings==0) {
// Message = "Pls, enter Monthly Savings" + "\n"
// }
//

105
// else {
// Message = ""
// }
// return Message
}
</SCRIPT>

<table align="center" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0"

cellpadding="0">
<!--DWLayoutTable-->
<tr>
<td width="95%" align="center" height="30" valign="top"><IMG
SRC="images/index_28.jpg" WIDTH=180 HEIGHT=35 ALT="">
<br> <!-- <form name="form2" enctype="multipart/form-data"
method="post" action="appl_submission.php"> -->
<form name="form" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"
action="appl_submission.php">
<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" bgcolor="#C8C9A7" ><div
align="center"><strong>Student Registration
Center</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Date of Registration: </td>
<td> <?php echo $this->my_date();?> </td>
</tr>
</table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td><label>Student No:</label></td>
<td><input name=stu_no type="text" size="10" maxlength="10" value="<?
php echo $stu_no;?>"></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><label>Sur Name</label></td>
<td><input name="sur_name" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $sur_name;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>First Name:</label></td>
<td><input name="first_name" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value= "<?php echo $first_name;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Other Name:</label></td>
<td><input name="other_name" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $other_name;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>

106
 <td><label>Date of Birth :</label></td>
<td><input name=dob type="text" size="10" maxlength="10" value="<?
php echo $dob;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Sex:</label></td>
<td><select name="sex">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="Male">Male</option>
<option value="Female">Female</option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>class:</label></td>
<td><select name="class">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="SSS1A">SSS1A</option>
<option value="SSS1B">SSS1B</option>
<option value="SSS2A">SSS2A</option>
<option value="SSS2B">SS21B</option>
<option value="SSS3A">SSS3A</option>
<option value="SSS3B">SSS3B</option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Country:</label></td>
<td><select name="country">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="Nigeria">Nigerian</option>
<option value="Non-Nigeria">Foreigner</option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>State:</label></td>
<td><select name="state">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="Nigeria"></option>
<option value="Non-Nigeria"></option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Local Govt:</label></td>
<td><select name="local">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="Nigeria"></option>
<option value="Non-Nigeria"></option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Town of Origin :</label></td>

107
 <td><input name=town type="text" size="10" maxlength="10" value="<?
php echo $town;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Tribe:</label></td>
<td><select name="tribe">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="Hausa">Hausa</option>
<option value="Igbo">Igbo</option>
<option value="Yoruba">Yoruba</option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Resident Address:</label></td>
<td><input name="address" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $address;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Mobile Phone</label></td>
<td><input name="phone" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $phone;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Email Address</label></td>
<td><input name="email" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $email;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Religion:</label></td>
<td><select name="tribe">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="Christian">Christian</option>
<option value="Islam">Islam</option>
<option value="Others">Others</option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" bgcolor="#C8C9A7"><div align="center"><strong>Next
of Kin Info</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Full Name:</label></td>
<td><input name="name" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $name;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Relationship:</label></td>
<td><input name="relation" type="text" size="40" maxlength="100"
value="<?php echo $relation;?>"></td>
</tr>

108
 <tr>
<td><label>Mobile No:</label></td>
<td><input name="phone_no" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $phone_no;?>" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Address</label></td>
<td><input name="add" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30" value="<?
php echo $add;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Job</label></td>
<td><input name="job" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30" value="<?
php echo $job;?>"></td>
</tr>

<td colspan="2" bgcolor="#C8C9A7"><div align="center"><strong>User

Login
Section</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>User Name:</label></td>
<td><input name="user" type="text" size="10" maxlength="100"
value="<?php echo $user;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Password:</label></td>
<td><input name="pass" type="text" size="10" maxlength="100"
value="<?php echo $pass;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Confirm Password:</label></td>
<td><input name="password" type="text" size="10" maxlength="100"
value="<?php echo $password;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">
<button type="button" name="sub"
onClick="Validate()">submit</button> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tr>

<td><img src="<?php echo $uploadfile; ?>" ></td>

</tr>
</table>

<table> <tr>

109
 <td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Image :
<input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE"
value="6000000">
<input type="file" name="imageFile" size="40">
</td>

<td><input type="button" value="Upload" name="func"

onClick="upload_image();"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>

<!-- end content -->

<!-- start sidebars -->

<!-- end sidebars -->

</div>
<!-- end page -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer-wrapper" align="center">
<div id="footer">
<p class='copyright'>&copy;&nbsp;&nbsp;2014 Digital Library for
Senior Secondary School, Developed by Olagoke Olusegun Micheal, IMIS
Student Reg No.346049, tel:+234 8060588180, email: tunbosu@gmail.com </p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="44">&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="22" valign="top"><label></label> </td>
</tr>
<tr>

110
 <td height="22">&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div align="center"><br>
<br>
<IMG SRC="images/index_44.gif" WIDTH=487 HEIGHT=11
ALT=""></div></td>
</tr>
</table></td>
</tr>

<?

}
}

$mainPage = new mainClass();

//$mainPage->display_title("Students Information Center");

$mainPage->display_header();
//$mainPage->submenu();
$mainPage->homePage();

//$mainPage->display_footer();
$mainPage->end_page();

?>
Liberian
<?
if($_SESSION['user']=='password'){
header('Location: http://localhost/isss/index.php');
}

?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<!--
Design by Free CSS Templates
http://www.freecsstemplates.org
Released for free under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License

Name : Adhesive
Description: A three-column, fixed-width blog design.
Version : 1.0
Released : 20100406

-->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

111
<head>
<?
include("my_function.php");
//include("upload_scores_head.php");

//$title="isss ADMIN PAGE";

echo "<title>".$_SESSION['title']."</title>"; ?>
<script language="JavaScript" src="ajax.js" type="text/javascript"
xml:space="preserve"></script>
<script language="javascript" src="gen_validatorv4.js"></script>

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="Adhesive" content="" />
<link href="default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<!-- start header -->
<div id="header">
<div id="logo">
<h1><a href="#"><span>ISSS</span></a> </h1>
<div align="center">Improving Student Study System</div>
<p >Oba Akinbiyi Senior Secondary School II<br />
Digital Library </p>
</div>
<div id="menu">
<ul id="main">
<li><a><? echo 'Welcome'.' '. $_SESSION['user'] ?
></a></li>
<li class="current_page_item"><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Homepage</a></li>
<li><a href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Create User</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://localhost/isss/document1.php">Load & Remove Books</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Student Profile</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Contact User</a></li>

<li><a href="http://localhost/isss/class
library/logout.php">log out</a></li>

</ul>
</div>
</div>
<? // echo $_SESSION['user'] ?>

112
 <!-- end header -->

Teacher
<?
if($_SESSION['user']=='password'){
header('Location: http://localhost/isss/index.php');
}
?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<!--
Design by Free CSS Templates
http://www.freecsstemplates.org
Released for free under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License

Name : Adhesive
Description: A three-column, fixed-width blog design.
Version : 1.0
Released : 20100406

-->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<?
include("my_function.php");
//include("upload_scores_head.php");

//$title="NASFA ADMIN PAGE";

echo "<title>".$_SESSION['title']."</title>"; ?>
<script language="JavaScript" src="ajax.js" type="text/javascript"
xml:space="preserve"></script>
<script language="javascript" src="gen_validatorv4.js"></script>

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="Adhesive" content="" />
<link href="default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<!-- start header -->
<div id="header">
<div id="logo">
<h1><a href="#"><span>ISSS</span></a> </h1>
<div align="center">Improving Student Study System</div>
<p>Oba Akinbiyi Senior Secondary School II<br />
Digital Library </p>
</div>
<div id="menu">

113
 <ul id="main">
<li><a><? echo 'Welcome'.' '.
$_SESSION['user'] ?></a></li>

<li class="current_page_item"><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Homepage</a></li>
<li><a href="http://localhost/isss/ebook1.php">E-
Books</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://localhost/isss/given.php">Assingments</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Contact Student</a></li>
<!--<li><a
href="http://localhost/isss/template/departmental_report.php">Departmental
Reports</a></li>
<li><a href="#"> admin</a></li>-->
<li><a href="http://localhost/isss/class
library/logout.php">log out</a></li>

</ul>
</div>
</div>
<? // echo $_SESSION['user'] ?>

<!-- end header -->

Student
<?
if($_SESSION['user']==''){
header('Location: http://localhost/isss/index.php');
}
?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<!--
Design by Free CSS Templates
http://www.freecsstemplates.org
Released for free under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License

Name : Adhesive
Description: A three-column, fixed-width blog design.
Version : 1.0
Released : 20100406

-->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<?

114
//include("my_function.php");
//include("upload_scores_head.php");

//$title="NASFA ADMIN PAGE";

echo "<title>".$_SESSION['title']."</title>"; ?>
<script language="JavaScript" src="ajax.js" type="text/javascript"
xml:space="preserve"></script>
<script language="javascript" src="gen_validatorv4.js"></script>

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="Adhesive" content="" />
<link href="default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<!-- start header -->
<div id="header">
<div id="logo">
<h1><a href="#"><span>ISSS</span></a> </h1>
<div align="center">Improving Student Study System</div>
<p>Oba Akinbiyi Senior Secondary School II<br />
Digital Library </p>
</div>
<div id="menu">
<ul id="main">
<li><a><? echo 'Welcome'.' '.
$_SESSION['user'] ?></a></li>

<li class="current_page_item"><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Homepage</a></li>
<li><a href="http://localhost/isss/ebook1.php">E-
Books</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Assingments</a></li>
<li><a href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">My
Profile</a></li>
<!--<li><a
href="http://localhost/nasfa/template/departmental_report.php">Departmental
Reports</a></li>
<li><a href="#">End_User</a></li>
--><li><a href="http://localhost/isss/class
library/logout.php">log out</a></li>

</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- end header -->

115
Principal

<?
if($_SESSION['user']==''){
header('Location: http://localhost/isss/indexx.php');
}
?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<!--
Design by Free CSS Templates
http://www.freecsstemplates.org
Released for free under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License

Name : Adhesive
Description: A three-column, fixed-width blog design.
Version : 1.0
Released : 20100406

-->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<?
include("my_function.php");
//include("upload_scores_head.php");

//$title="NASFA ADMIN PAGE";

echo "<title>".$_SESSION['title']."</title>"; ?>
<script language="JavaScript" src="ajax.js" type="text/javascript"
xml:space="preserve"></script>
<script language="javascript" src="gen_validatorv4.js"></script>

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="Adhesive" content="" />
<link href="default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<!-- start header -->
<div id="header">
<div id="logo">
<h1><a href="#"><span>ISSS</span></a> </h1>
<div align="center">Improving Student Study System</div>
<p>Oba Akinbiyi Senior Secondary School II<br />
Digital Library </p>
</div>
<div id="menu">

116
 <ul id="main">
<li><a><? echo 'Welcome'.' '.
$_SESSION['user'] ?></a></li>

<li class="current_page_item"><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Homepage</a></li>
<li><a href="http://localhost/isss/ebook1.php">E-
Books</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Activities</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Student List</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://localhost/isss/welcome.php">Contact</a></li>
<!--<li><a href="#">Regisrar</a></li>-->
<li><a href="http://localhost/isss/class
library/logout.php">log out</a></li>

</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- end header -->

Document Form Center

<?
require('includes/Page.inc.php');
//require('incSession.php');
//require("template/body.php");
session_start();
//error_reporting(E_ERROR);
//print_r($_FILES);

//print_r($_POST);

if (isset($_POST))
{
$formdata = $_POST;
}
else
$monthly_savings =0;

if (count($_FILES) > 0)
{
$imagedata = $_FILES;

$uploaddir = "upload/";

117
 if (!(file_exists($uploaddir)))
mkdir($uploaddir);

//$_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name'] = str_replace("\\", "/",

$_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name']);
// echo $_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name']."\n";

// echo "<h5>file_name = ".$file_name." ".$counter."</h5>";

$type = $_FILES['imageFile']['type'];
$uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_FILES['imageFile']
['name']);

// echo $uploadfile."\n";

//echo '<pre>';

if (!(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['imageFile']
['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)))
echo "Possible file upload attack!\n";

print "</pre><br>";
$_SESSION['picture'] = $uploadfile;
$_SESSION['type'] = $type;
}
class mainClass extends page
{

function homePage()
{
global $formdata, $imagedata, $uploadfile;
$stu_no = $formdata['stu_no'];
$sur_name = $formdata['sur_name'];
$first_name = $formdata['first_name'];
$other_name = $formdata['other_name'];
$dob = $formdata['dob'];
$sex = $formdata['sex'];
$class = $formdata['class'];
$country = $formdata['country'];
$state = $formdata['state'];
$local = $formdata['local'];
$town = $formdata['town'];
$tribe = $formdata['tribe'];
$address = $formdata['address'];
$phone = $formdata['phone'];
$email = $formdata['email'];
$religion = $formdata['religion'];
$name = $formdata['name'];
$relation = $formdata['relation'];

118
 $phone_no = $formdata['phone_no'];
$add = $formdata['add'];
$job = $formdata['job'];
$user = $formdata['user'];
$pass = $formdata['pass'];
$password = $formdata['password'];
?>

<?
if($_SESSION['user']==''){
header('Location: http://localhost/isss/index.php');
}

if($_SESSION['group']==1){
include("super_admin_header.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==2){
include("admin_header.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==3){
include("regisrar_head.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==4){
include("end_user_head.php");
}

?>
<!-- end header -->
<!-- start page -->

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">

function upload_image()
{
document.form.action= "registration.php";
document.form.submit();
}

function Validate()
{
//alert("Trying to validate")
Message = ""
Message = Message + CheckForm()

if (Message == "") {
document.form.submit();
return true
}
else {

119
 alert(Message)
return false
}
}

function CheckForm()
{
var stu_no = document.form.stu_no.value
var staff_no = document.form.staff_no.value
var salutation = document.form.salutation.value
var first_name = document.form.first_name.value
var middle_name = document.form.middle_name.value
var last_name = document.form.last_name.value
var sex = document.form.sex.value
var contact_address = document.form.contact_address.value
var department = document.form.department.value
var mobile_phone = document.form.mobile_phone.value
var office_phone = document.form.office_phone.value
var email = document.form.email.value
var monthly_savings = document.form.monthly_savings.value

// if (coop_no == "") {
// Message = "Something's wrong with your Cooperative No" +
"\n"
// }
// else
// if (staff_no=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter staff no" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (salutation=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter salutation" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (first_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter First Name" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (middle_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Middle Name" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (last_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter SurName" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (contact_address=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Contact Address" + "\n"
// }

120
// else
// if (sex=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Sex" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (monthly_savings==0) {
// Message = "Pls, enter Monthly Savings" + "\n"
// }
//
// else {
// Message = ""
// }
// return Message
}
</SCRIPT>

<div> <table align="center" width="95%" border="0"

cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<!--DWLayoutTable-->
<tr>
<td width="95%" align="center" height="30" valign="top"><p>
<!-- <form name="form2" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"
action="appl_submission.php"> -->
</p>
<form name="form" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"
action="appl_submission.php">
<table align="center">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" bgcolor="#C8C9A7" ><div
align="center"><strong>ISSS Document Form
Center</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td width="121"> Date : </td>
<td width="167"> <?php echo $this->my_date();?> </td>
</tr>
</table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td><label>Document Type:</label></td>
<td><select name="sex">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="PDF">PDF</option>
<option value="Word">Word</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><label>Author Name: </label></td>

121
 <td><input name="sur_name" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $sur_name;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Edition:</label></td>
<td><input name="first_name" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value= "<?php echo $first_name;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>ISBN/ISSN:</label></td>
<td><input name="other_name" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $other_name;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Year of Pub:</label></td>
<td><input name="other_name" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $other_name;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Subject:</label></td>
<td><select name="sex">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="English">English</option>
<option value="Maths">Maths</option>
<option value="Basic Sc">Basic Sc</option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Publisher:</label></td>
<td><input name="other_name" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $other_name;?>"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Place of Publication:</label></td>
<td><input name="other_name" type="text" size="40" maxlength="30"
value="<?php echo $other_name;?>"></td>
</tr>

</table>
<table> <tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Document :
<input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE"
value="6000000">
<input type="file" name="imageFile" size="40">
</td>

122
 <td><input type="button" value="Upload" name="func"
onClick="upload_image();"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">
<button type="button" name="sub"
onClick="Validate()">submit</button> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>

<!-- end content -->

<!-- start sidebars -->

<!-- end sidebars -->

<?

include("footer.php");
?>

<?

}
}

$mainPage = new mainClass();

//$mainPage->display_title("Students Information Center");

$mainPage->display_header();
//$mainPage->submenu();
$mainPage->homePage();

//$mainPage->display_footer();
//$mainPage->end_page();

?>
Books Search
<?
require('includes/Page.inc.php');
//require('incSession.php');
//require("template/body.php");
session_start();
//error_reporting(E_ERROR);

123
//print_r($_FILES);

//print_r($_POST);

if (isset($_POST))
{
$formdata = $_POST;
}
else
$monthly_savings =0;

if (count($_FILES) > 0)
{
$imagedata = $_FILES;

$uploaddir = "upload/";

if (!(file_exists($uploaddir)))
mkdir($uploaddir);

//$_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name'] = str_replace("\\", "/",

$_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name']);
// echo $_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name']."\n";

// echo "<h5>file_name = ".$file_name." ".$counter."</h5>";

$type = $_FILES['imageFile']['type'];
$uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_FILES['imageFile']
['name']);

// echo $uploadfile."\n";

//echo '<pre>';

if (!(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['imageFile']
['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)))
echo "Possible file upload attack!\n";

print "</pre><br>";
$_SESSION['picture'] = $uploadfile;
$_SESSION['type'] = $type;
}
class mainClass extends page
{

function homePage()
{

124
 global $formdata, $imagedata, $uploadfile;
// $stu_no = $formdata['stu_no'];
// $sur_name = $formdata['sur_name'];
// $first_name = $formdata['first_name'];
// $other_name = $formdata['other_name'];
// $dob = $formdata['dob'];
// $sex = $formdata['sex'];
// $class = $formdata['class'];
// $country = $formdata['country'];
// $state = $formdata['state'];
// $local = $formdata['local'];
// $town = $formdata['town'];
// $tribe = $formdata['tribe'];
// $address = $formdata['address'];
// $phone = $formdata['phone'];
// $email = $formdata['email'];
// $religion = $formdata['religion'];
// $name = $formdata['name'];
// $relation = $formdata['relation'];
// $phone_no = $formdata['phone_no'];
// $add = $formdata['add'];
// $job = $formdata['job'];
// $user = $formdata['user'];
// $pass = $formdata['pass'];
// $password = $formdata['password'];
?>

<?
if($_SESSION['user']==''){
header('Location: http://localhost/isss/index.php');
}

if($_SESSION['group']==1){
include("super_admin_header.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==2){
include("admin_header.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==3){
include("regisrar_head.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==4){
include("end_user_head.php");
}

?>
<!-- end header -->
<!-- start page -->

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">

125
 function upload_image()
{
document.form.action= "registration.php";
document.form.submit();
}

function Validate()
{
//alert("Trying to validate")
Message = ""
Message = Message + CheckForm()

if (Message == "") {
document.form.submit();
return true
}
else {
alert(Message)
return false
}
}

function CheckForm()
{
var stu_no = document.form.stu_no.value
var staff_no = document.form.staff_no.value
var salutation = document.form.salutation.value
var first_name = document.form.first_name.value
var middle_name = document.form.middle_name.value
var last_name = document.form.last_name.value
var sex = document.form.sex.value
var contact_address = document.form.contact_address.value
var department = document.form.department.value
var mobile_phone = document.form.mobile_phone.value
var office_phone = document.form.office_phone.value
var email = document.form.email.value
var monthly_savings = document.form.monthly_savings.value

// if (coop_no == "") {
// Message = "Something's wrong with your Cooperative No" +
"\n"
// }
// else
// if (staff_no=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter staff no" + "\n"
// }
// else

126
// if (salutation=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter salutation" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (first_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter First Name" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (middle_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Middle Name" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (last_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter SurName" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (contact_address=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Contact Address" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (sex=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Sex" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (monthly_savings==0) {
// Message = "Pls, enter Monthly Savings" + "\n"
// }
//
// else {
// Message = ""
// }
// return Message
}
</SCRIPT>

<table align="center" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0"

cellpadding="0">
<!--DWLayoutTable-->
<tr>
<td width="95%" align="center" height="30" valign="top"><!--
<form name="form2" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"
action="appl_submission.php"> -->
<form name="form" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"
action="appl_submission.php">
<table width="157">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" bgcolor="#C8C9A7" ><div
align="center"><strong>Library Documents </strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>

127
 <td> Date </td>
<td> <?php echo $this->my_date();?> </td>
</tr>

</table>
<div class="borderbox">
<div class="leftcol_box">
<div id="books_search">
<h2><span>Books Search</span></h2>
<form method="post"
action="http://www.freewebsitetemplates.com">
<div>
<input type="text" value="Enter
Keywords......" />
<select name="Subjcet">
<option>Select Subject</option>
<option>English</option>
<option>Maths</option>
<option>Basic Sc</option>
</select>
<input type="image"
src="img/booksearch_button.gif" class="submit" />
</div>
</form>
<div class="footnote">
<a
href="http://www.freewebsitetemplates.com/fsdf">Advanced Search</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"

cellpadding="0">

</table>

<table> <tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Image :
<input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE"
value="6000000">
<input type="file" name="imageFile" size="40">
</td>

128
 <td><input type="button" value="Upload" name="func"
onClick="upload_image();"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>

</td>
<!-- end content -->
<!-- start sidebars -->

<!-- end sidebars -->

</div>
<!-- end page -->
</div>

<div id="footer-wrapper" align="center">

<?

//include("footer.php");
?>
</div>
<?

}
}

$mainPage = new mainClass();

//$mainPage->display_title("Students Information Center");

$mainPage->display_header();
//$mainPage->submenu();
$mainPage->homePage();

//$mainPage->display_footer();
//$mainPage->end_page();

?>
Assignment Given
<?
require('includes/Page.inc.php');
//require('incSession.php');
//require("template/body.php");
session_start();

129
//error_reporting(E_ERROR);
//print_r($_FILES);

//print_r($_POST);

if (isset($_POST))
{
$formdata = $_POST;
}
else
$monthly_savings =0;

if (count($_FILES) > 0)
{
$imagedata = $_FILES;

$uploaddir = "upload/";

if (!(file_exists($uploaddir)))
mkdir($uploaddir);

//$_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name'] = str_replace("\\", "/",

$_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name']);
// echo $_FILES['imageFile']['tmp_name']."\n";

// echo "<h5>file_name = ".$file_name." ".$counter."</h5>";

$type = $_FILES['imageFile']['type'];
$uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_FILES['imageFile']
['name']);

// echo $uploadfile."\n";

//echo '<pre>';

if (!(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['imageFile']
['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)))
echo "Possible file upload attack!\n";

print "</pre><br>";
$_SESSION['picture'] = $uploadfile;
$_SESSION['type'] = $type;
}
class mainClass extends page
{

function homePage()

130
 {
// global $formdata, $imagedata, $uploadfile;
// $stu_no = $formdata['stu_no'];
//$sur_name = $formdata['sur_name'];
// $first_name = $formdata['first_name'];
// $other_name = $formdata['other_name'];
// $dob = $formdata['dob'];
// $sex = $formdata['sex'];
// $class = $formdata['class'];
// $country = $formdata['country'];
// $state = $formdata['state'];
// $local = $formdata['local'];
// $town = $formdata['town'];
// $tribe = $formdata['tribe'];
// $address = $formdata['address'];
// $phone = $formdata['phone'];
// $email = $formdata['email'];
// $religion = $formdata['religion'];
// $name = $formdata['name'];
// $relation = $formdata['relation'];
// $phone_no = $formdata['phone_no'];
// $add = $formdata['add'];
// $job = $formdata['job'];
// $user = $formdata['user'];
// $pass = $formdata['pass'];
// $password = $formdata['password'];
?>

<?
if($_SESSION['user']==''){
header('Location: http://localhost/isss/index.php');
}

if($_SESSION['group']==1){
include("super_admin_header.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==2){
include("admin_header.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==3){
include("regisrar_head.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==4){
include("end_user_head.php");
}

?>
<!-- end header -->
<!-- start page -->

131
<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">

function upload_image()
{
document.form.action= "registration.php";
document.form.submit();
}

function Validate()
{
//alert("Trying to validate")
Message = ""
Message = Message + CheckForm()

if (Message == "") {
document.form.submit();
return true
}
else {
alert(Message)
return false
}
}

function CheckForm()
{
var stu_no = document.form.stu_no.value
var staff_no = document.form.staff_no.value
var salutation = document.form.salutation.value
var first_name = document.form.first_name.value
var middle_name = document.form.middle_name.value
var last_name = document.form.last_name.value
var sex = document.form.sex.value
var contact_address = document.form.contact_address.value
var department = document.form.department.value
var mobile_phone = document.form.mobile_phone.value
var office_phone = document.form.office_phone.value
var email = document.form.email.value
var monthly_savings = document.form.monthly_savings.value

// if (coop_no == "") {
// Message = "Something's wrong with your Cooperative No" +
"\n"
// }
// else
// if (staff_no=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter staff no" + "\n"
// }

132
// else
// if (salutation=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter salutation" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (first_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter First Name" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (middle_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Middle Name" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (last_name=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter SurName" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (contact_address=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Contact Address" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (sex=="") {
// Message = "Pls, enter Sex" + "\n"
// }
// else
// if (monthly_savings==0) {
// Message = "Pls, enter Monthly Savings" + "\n"
// }
//
// else {
// Message = ""
// }
// return Message
}
</SCRIPT>

<div> <table align="center" width="" border="0" cellspacing="0"

cellpadding="0">
<!--DWLayoutTable-->
<tr>
<td width="" align="center" height="" valign="top"><p>
<!-- <form name="form2" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"
action="appl_submission.php"> -->
</p>
<form name="form" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"
action="appl_submission.php">
<table align="center">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" bgcolor="#C8C9A7" ><div
align="center"><strong>ISSS Assignment Given Form</strong></div></td>

133
 </tr>
<tr align="center">
<td width="121"> Date Given : </td>
<td width="167"> <label><?php echo $this->my_date();?></label> </td>
</tr>
</table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td><label>Subject:</label></td>
<td><select name="sex">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="English">English</option>
<option value="Maths">Maths</option>
<option value="Basic Sc">Basic Sc</option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>class:</label></td>
<td><select name="class">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option value="SSS1A">SSS1A</option>
<option value="SSS1B">SSS1B</option>
<option value="SSS2A">SSS2A</option>
<option value="SSS2B">SS21B</option>
<option value="SSS3A">SSS3A</option>
<option value="SSS3B">SSS3B</option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="justify">
<td width="161"> Last Submition Date : </td>
<td width="167"> <label><?php echo $this->my_date();?></label> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="justify" valign="middle"> <label>
Question:</label></td>
<td><input name="qestioning" type="file" height="200"
width="200"></td>
</tr>
</table>

<table> <tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">

134
 <button type="button" name="sub"
onClick="Validate()">submit</button> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>

<!-- end content -->

<!-- start sidebars -->

<!-- end sidebars -->

<?

include("footer.php");
?>

<?

}
}

$mainPage = new mainClass();

//$mainPage->display_title("Students Information Center");

$mainPage->display_header();
//$mainPage->submenu();
$mainPage->homePage();

//$mainPage->display_footer();
//$mainPage->end_page();

?>
Login Class
<?

class login{
var $user_id;
var $password;
public $user;
var $group;

function _construct(){
$this-> user_id=$user_id;
$this-> password=$password;
$this->user=$user;
$this->group=$group;

135
}

function login_authenticate($user_id,$password){

$query="select user_log_id,user_id,password,group_id from cleinte_user where

user_id='$user_id'and password=PASSWORD( '$password' ) ";
$result=mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error());

while($row=mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
//$personal_id=$row['personal_id'];
//$_SESSION['user'] =$ID;
//$_SESSION['passw'] =$PW;
//$_SESSION['per_id']=$personal_id;
//echo "I am Login";
$user=$row['user_id'];
$group=$row['group_id'];
$user_log_id=$row['user_log_id'];
$_SESSION['user'] =$user;
$_SESSION['group']=$group;
$_SESSION['user_log_id']=$user_log_id;

$date=date("Y:m:d:H:i:s", time());
$_SESSION['date']=$date;

$query="INSERT INTO isss_lib.`user_log`(user__log_id, log_in_time,

log_ststus) VALUES ('$user_log_id','$date', 1)" ;
mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error());
if($group==1){
$title='ISSS LIBRARIAN PAGE';
}
if($group==2){
$title='ISSS TEACHERS PAGE';

}
if($group==3){
$title='ISSS PRINCIPAL PAGE';
}
if($group==4){
$title='ISSS STUDENTS PAGE';
}

$_SESSION['title']=$title;
header('Location: welcome.php');
exit;

}
}

136
}
?>
Logout
<?
include("DatabaseClass.php");

session_start();
$user_log_id=$_SESSION['user_log_id'];
$date=$_SESSION['date'];

//mysql_connect("localhost", "root","") or die(mysql_error());

//mysql_select_db("isss") or die(mysql_error());

$mydb=new DB;
$mydb->connect_select('localhost','isss_lib','root','');
$date_out=date("Y:m:d:H:i:s", time());
$query="UPDATE `isss_lib`.`user_log` SET
log_out_time='$date_out',log_ststus=0 Where user__log_id='$user_log_id' AND
log_in_time='$date'" ;
mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error());

session_destroy();

header('Location: http://localhost/isss/index.php');
?>
Page Include
<?php
$hDB = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "");
mysql_select_db('isss_lib', $hDB);

class page
{
var $user;
var $password;
var $sex;
var $day_of_month;
var $month_of_year;
var $month_of_exam;
var $year_of_century;
var $year_of_entry;
var $exam_year;
var $selected_date;
var $table_list;
var $year_of_today;
var $local_govt_list;
var $frschl_date;
var $toschl_date;
var $user_table;
var $sGroup;

137
// Home page style sheet
//td {background:#CCCCCC}
function home_style()

{
?>
<style>
h1 {color:white; font-size:24pt; text-align:center;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
h2 {color:white; font-size:16pt; text-align:center;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
h3 {color:white; font-size:14pt; text-align:center;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
h4 {color:blue; font-size:14pt; text-align:center;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
h5 {color:blue; font-size:15pt; text-align:center;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}

.menu {color:white; font-size:8pt; text-align:center;

font-family:arial,sans-serif;}
p.label {color:black; font-size:10pt; text-align:right;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
p.texts {color:black; font-size:10pt; text-align:justify;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
p.textss {color:black; font-size:9pt; text-align:justify;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
p.text {color:black; font-size:10pt; text-align:left;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
p {color:black; font-size:12pt; text-align:center;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
p.foot {color:white; font-size:9pt; text-align:center;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
p.foot4 {color:white; font-size:9pt; text-align:left;
font-family:arial,sans-serif}
/* a:link,a:visited,a:active {color:blue} */

body {
margin:0px;
}

td {
font:11px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color:#000000;
}

a{
color: #FF6600;
font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none;
}

138
a:hover {
color: #FFBA00;
}

/* ID Styles */

#navigation a {
font:10px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #26354A;
text-decoration: none;
letter-spacing:.1em;
line-height:16px;
display:block;
padding: 0px 10px;
border-right:1px solid #FF6600;
}

#navigation a:hover {
color:#ffffff;
background: #FF6600;
}

#background td {
background:url("mm_bg_header.gif");
}

#padding {
padding:14px;
}

/* Calendar Styles */

#calendar td {
border: 1px solid #26354A;
}

#noborder td {
border: 0px;
}

#calheader td {
font-weight:bold;
color: #ffffff;
}

/* Class Styles */

.logo {
font:24px Times New Roman, Times, serif;

139
 color: #FFBA00;
letter-spacing:.3em;
line-height:26px;
}

.tagline {
font: 11px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #D3DCE6;
line-height:16px;
}

.bodyText {
font:11px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
line-height:22px;
color:#26354A;
letter-spacing:.1em;
}

.detailText {
font:11px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
line-height:16px;
color:#26354A;
letter-spacing:.1em;
}

.pageName {
font:24px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #FF6600;
letter-spacing:.2em;
line-height:32px;
}

.subHeader {
font:bold 12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #2D374D;
font-weight:bold;
line-height:20px;
letter-spacing:.1em;
}

.navText {
font:10px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #26354A;
letter-spacing:.1em;
line-height:16px;
}

.calendarText {
font:11px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #26354A;

140
 letter-spacing:.1em;
}

.sidebarText {
font:11px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #FFBA00;
letter-spacing:.1em;
line-height:18px;
}

</style>
<?php
}

function display_title($newtitle)
{
$this->title = $newtitle;
}

function display_header()
{
?>
<?php
}

function connect_me()
{
$this->connect_mysql("localhost","root","","isss_lib");

}
function select_database()
{
mysql_select_db("isss_lib");
//echo "Database success"."<br>";
}

function menuhome()
{
?>

<table width="100%" height="20%" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0"

border="0">
<tr >
<td align =left><img src="../academics/images/coll.jpg"></td>
<td>
<h1> College of Medicine</h1>
<h2> University of Ibadan</h2>

141
 <h3> Academic Division</h3>
<td align = right><img src="../academics/images/uni.jpg"></td>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!--<table width="90%" bgcolor="white" align="center" cellpadding="4"
cellspacing="4" border="1">
<tr>
<td width="2%">
<span class=menu><img src="../academics/images/r_hand.gif"></span>
</td>
<td width="2%">
<span class=menu><a href="index.php">Home</a></span>
</td>
<td width="5%">
<span class=menu><a href="Register.php">New Student
Registration</a></span>
</td>
<td width="5%">
<span class=menu><a href="Update.php">Update Record</a></span>
</td>
<td width="5%">
<span class=menu><a href="viewLogin.php">View Manager</a></span>
</td>
<td width="5%">
<span class=menu><a href="printme.php">Printer Manager</a></span>
</td>
<td width="5%">
<span class=menu><a href="adduser.php">User
Administration</a></span>
</td>
<td width="5%">
<span class=menu><a href="logout.php">Logout</a></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table> -->
<?php
}

function get_host()
{
return $this->host;
}

function get_optional_element($table,$status)
{
$this->connect_me();
$sql = "select * from $table where status='$status'";

$result = mysql_query($sql);

142
if ($result)
{
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
$table_list[] = $row;
}

// array_unshift($table_list,array());
// array_push($table_list, array( "", "New Entry"));
}
else
die(mysql_error());
return $table_list;
}

function get_item($table)
{
$this->connect_me();
$sql = "select * from $table";

$result = mysql_query($sql);
if ($result)
{
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
$table_list[] = $row;
}

array_unshift($table_list,array());
array_push($table_list, array( "", "New Entry"));
}
else
die(mysql_error());
return $table_list;
}

function get_elements($table)
{
$this->connect_me();
$sql = "select * from $table ";
//echo $sql;
$result = mysql_query($sql);
if ($result)
{
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
$table_list[] = $row;
}

// array_unshift($table_list,array());

143
// array_push($table_list, array( "", "New Entry"));
}
else
die(mysql_error());
return $table_list;
}

function get_element($table)
{
$this->connect_me();
$sql = "select * from $table";
//echo $sql;
$result = mysql_query($sql);
if ($result)
{
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
$table_list[] = $row;
}

// array_unshift($table_list,array());
// array_push($table_list, array( "", "New Entry"));
}
else
die(mysql_error());
return $table_list;
}

function compound_interest($qualify_amount,$loan_interest_rate,
$loan_duration)
{
$pmt1 = 0 + $qualify_amount * pow((1 + $loan_interest_rate),
$loan_duration) ;
$pmt2 = ((1 + $loan_interest_rate * 0) * ( (1 - pow(( 1 + $loan_interest_rate),
$loan_duration ))/ $loan_interest_rate));
$monthly_deduction = abs(round($pmt1/$pmt2, 2));
return $monthly_deduction;
}

function simple_interest($qualify_amount,$loan_interest_rate,$loan_duration)
{
//$year = $loan_duration/12;
$calc_result =( $qualify_amount*$loan_interest_rate +
$qualify_amount)/$loan_duration;
$deduction = $calc_result;
return $deduction;
}

function get_user()

144
 {
return $this->user;
}

function get_password()
{
return $this->password;
}

function get_databas()
{
return $this->databas;
}

// Footer page

function display_footer()
{
?>
<!-- page footer -->
<table width="100%" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>
<p class=foot4><img src="php4.gif">
</td>
<td>
<p class=foot> &copy; College of Medicine</p>
<p class=foot>Information Technology Unit</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<?php
}

// Connection to mysql

function connect_mysql($newhost,$newuser,$newpassword,$newdatabas)
{

$this->host = $newhost;
$this->user = $newuser;
$this->password = $newpassword;
$this->databas = $newdatabas;
@ $db = mysql_pconnect($this->host, $this->user, $this->password);
if (!(mysql_select_db($this->databas)) ) {
//print "Successfully connected";
// else
//{
echo "Error: Could not connect to database. Please try again later.";

145
 die(mysql_error());
}
}

function teller_date()
{
echo"<table width=15%>";
echo"<tr>";
echo"<p class=label><td align=center>Day</td></p>";
echo"<td align=center>Month</td>";
echo"<td align=center>Year</td>";
echo"</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo"<td width=2%>";
echo $this->teller_day();
echo "</td>";
echo $this->teller_month();
echo"<td width=2%>";
echo $this->teller_year();
echo"</td>";
echo"</tr>";
echo"</table>";
}

function my_date()
{
echo"<table width=15%>";
echo"<tr>";
echo"<p class=label><td align=center>Day</td></p>";
echo"<td align=center>Month</td>";
echo"<td align=center>Year</td>";
echo"</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo"<td width=2%>";
echo $this->day_of_update();
echo "</td>";
echo $this->month_of_update();
echo"<td width=2%>";
echo $this->year_of_update();
echo"</td>";
echo"</tr>";
echo"</table>";
}

function analysis_date()
{
echo"<table width=15%>";
echo"<tr>";

echo"<td align=center>Month</td>";

146
 echo"<td align=center>Year</td>";
echo"</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo $this->month_of_update();
echo"<td width=2%>";
echo $this->year_of_update();
echo"</td>";
echo"</tr>";
echo"</table>";
}
function day_of_update()
{

$current_day = (int)date("d");

echo "<select name=day_of_month>";

for($counter=1; $counter<32; $counter++)
{

if ($current_day == $counter)
echo "<option value=\"$counter\"
selected>$counter</option><br>";

echo"<option value=\"$counter\">$counter</option><br>";
}
echo"</select>";
}

function teller_day()
{

$current_day = (int)date("d");

echo "<select name=day_teller>";

for($counter=1; $counter<32; $counter++)
{

if ($current_day == $counter)
echo "<option value=\"$counter\"
selected>$counter</option><br>";

echo"<option value=\"$counter\">$counter</option><br>";
}
echo"</select>";
}

function month_of_update()
{

147
 $current_month = (int)date("m");

$monthname = array(1 => 'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May',

'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October',
'November',
'December');

echo"<td width=2%><select name=month_of_year>";

for ($i = 1; $i <= count($monthname); $i++)
{

if ($current_month == $i)
echo "<option value=$i selected>$monthname[$i]</option>\n";

echo "<option value=$i>$monthname[$i]</option>\n";

}
echo "</select>";
echo "</td>";
}

function teller_month()
{

$current_month = (int)date("m");

$monthname = array(1 => 'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May',

'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October',
'November',
'December');

echo"<td width=2%><select name=month_teller>";

for ($i = 1; $i <= count($monthname); $i++)
{

if ($current_month == $i)
echo "<option value=$i selected>$monthname[$i]</option>\n";

echo "<option value=$i>$monthname[$i]</option>\n";

}
echo "</select>";
echo "</td>";
}

function year_of_update($passed_year = "")

{

$current_year = (int)date("Y");

148
 // $current_year = $current_year + 1;
echo "<select name=year_of_century>";
for($i=0; $i < 56; $i++)
{
$year=($current_year - $i);
echo "<p class=label><option ";
if ($year == $passed_year)
echo "selected ";
echo "value=$year>$year</option></p>\n";

}
echo "</select>";
}

function teller_year($passed_year = "")

{

$current_year = (int)date("Y");
// $current_year = $current_year + 1;
echo "<select name=year_teller>";
for($i=0; $i < 56; $i++)
{
$year=($current_year - $i);
echo "<p class=label><option ";
if ($year == $passed_year)
echo "selected ";
echo "value=$year>$year</option></p>\n";

}
echo "</select>";
}

//$current_year = $current_year - 1;
function set_day()
{
$this->day_of_month = $day_of_month;
}

function get_day()
{
return $this->day_of_month;
}

function set_month()
{
$this->month_of_year = $month_of_year;
}

function get_month()
{

149
 return $this->month_of_year;
}
function set_year()
{
$this->year_of_century = $year_of_century;
}
function set_years()
{
$this->year_of_entry = $year_of_entry;
}
function get_years()
{
return $this->year_of_entry;
}

function get_year()
{
return $this->year_of_century;
}
//set transaction date
function today_date($bday =0,$bmonth=0 ,$byear=0 )
{
// echo "My day is ".$bmonth;
$this->set_date();

echo"<table width=15%>";
echo"<tr>";
echo"<p class=label><td align=center>Day</td></p>";
echo"<td align=center>Month</td>";
echo"<td align=center>Year</td>";
echo"</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo"<td width=2%>";
echo $this->day_of_update($this->bday);
echo "</td>";
echo $this->month_of_update($this->bmonth);
echo"<td width=2%>";
echo $this->year_of_update($this->byear);
echo"</td>";
echo"</tr>";
echo"</table>";
}

function set_date()
{
if (isset($_POST['day_of_month']))
{
$this->bday = $_POST['day_of_month'];
$this->bmonth= $_POST['month_of_year'];
$this->byear = $_POST['year_of_century'];

150
}
else
{

$this->bday=date('d');
$this->bmonth=date("m");
$this->byear=date("Y");
}

function edit_date($bday =0,$bmonth=0 ,$byear=0 )

{
// echo "My day is ".$bmonth;

$this->bday = $bday;
$this->bmonth = $bmonth;
$this->byear = $byear;

$this->set_edit_date();

echo"<table width=15%>";
echo"<tr>";
echo"<p class=label><td align=center>Day</td></p>";
echo"<td align=center>Month</td>";
echo"<td align=center>Year</td>";
echo"</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo"<td width=2%>";
echo $this->day_of_update($this->bday);
echo "</td>";
echo $this->month_of_update($this->bmonth);
echo"<td width=2%>";
echo $this->year_of_update($this->byear);
echo"</td>";
echo"</tr>";
echo"</table>";
}

function numcomma ($value)

{
if(strpos($value,"."))
{
$decimalval = substr($value,strpos($value,".")+1);
$value = substr($value,0,strpos($value,"."));
} $length = strlen($value);
for($i=3;$i<($length);$i=$i+3)

151
 {
$k = $i*(-1);
$chunks[count($chunks)] = substr($value,$k,3);
}
$inarray = count($chunks)*3;
$leftout = $length-$inarray;
$leftout = substr($value,0,$leftout);
$finaltext = $leftout; rsort($chunks);
for($i=0;$i<count($chunks);$i++)
{
$finaltext .= "," .$chunks[$i];
}
if(strlen($decimalval)>0) $finaltext .= "." .$decimalval;

return $finaltext;
}

function Encrypt($string) {//hash then encrypt a string

$crypted = crypt(md5($string), md5($string));
return $crypted;
}

// function AddUser($database, $host, $db_user, $db_pass, $username,

$password) { //add user to table logins
// $linkID = mysql_connect($host, $db_user, $db_pass);
// mysql_select_db($database, $linkID);
// $password = encrypt($password);
// $username = encrypt($username);
// mysql_query("insert into logins values ('$username', '$password')", $linkID);
// }

function AddUser($username, $password,$group) { //add user to table logins

$linkID = mysql_connect($this->host, $this->user, $this->password);
mysql_select_db($database, $linkID);
$password = encrypt($password);
mysql_query("insert into users values ('$username', '$password','$group')",
$linkID);
}

function Login($database, $host, $db_user, $db_pass, $user, $password) {

//attempt to login false if invalid true if correct
$auth = false;
$user = Encrypt($user);

$linkID = mysql_connect($host, $db_user, $db_pass);

mysql_select_db("$database", $linkID);

152
$result = mysql_query("select password from logins where user = '$user'",
$linkID);
$pass = mysql_fetch_row($result);
mysql_close($linkID);

if ($pass[0] === (Encrypt($password))) {

$auth = true;
}
return $auth;
}

function searchForRec()
{
$result=mysql_query("select
registration.coop_no,
registration.first_name,
registration.middle_name,
registration.last_name,
from cooperative.registration where registration.coop_no='$coop_no'");

//echo mysql_errno() .":". mysql_error()."\n <br>";

$row = mysql_fetch_object($result);
$NewPage->acctNo = $row->account_no;
$NewPage->acctName = $row->name;
$NewPage->acctDepartment = $row->department;
$NewPage->acctAddress = $row->address;
$NewPage->acctOpenDate = $row->init_date;
$NewPage->acctInitDeposit = $row->init_deposit;
$NewPage->acctDate = $row->update_date;
$NewPage->acctBalance = $row->balance;

}
function staff_total_shares($coop_no)
{
$result_shares=mysql_query("select sum(shares) from cooperative.shares
where
shares.coop_no='$coop_no'");
$row_shares= mysql_fetch_array($result_shares);
$staff_shares = $row_shares['sum(shares)'];
return ($staff_shares);
}

function staff_total_savings($coop_no)
{
$result_savings=mysql_query("select sum(savings) from cooperative.savings
where
savings.coop_no='$coop_no'");

$row_savings= mysql_fetch_array($result_savings);

153
 $savings = $row_savings['sum(savings)'];
return($savings);
}

function investment_increase()
{
$result_investment_def=mysql_query("select * from
cooperative.investment_definition ");
$row_investment_def =
mysql_fetch_object($result_investment_def);
$investment_increase = $row_investment_def-
>investment_increase;

return($investment_increase);
}
function investment_duration()
{
$result_investment_def=mysql_query("select * from
cooperative.investment_definition ");
$row_investment_def =
mysql_fetch_object($result_investment_def);

$investment_duration = $row_investment_def->duration;
return($investment_duration);
}
function investment_maximum()
{
$result_investment_def=mysql_query("select * from
cooperative.investment_definition ");
$row_investment_def =
mysql_fetch_object($result_investment_def);
$maximum_investment = $row_investment_def-
>maximum_investment;

return($maximum_investment);
}
function share_maximum()
{
$result_shares_def=mysql_query("select * from cooperative.shares_definition
");
$row_shares_def =
mysql_fetch_object($result_shares_def);
$maximum_shares = $row_shares_def->maximum_shares;
$share_increase = $row_shares_def->share_increase;
$share_duration = $row_shares_def->duration;
return($maximum_shares);
}

function special_maximum()
{

154
 $result_special_def=mysql_query("select * from
cooperative.special_saving_def ");
$row_shares_def =
mysql_fetch_object($result_special_def);
$maximum_special = $row_special_def-
>maximum_special;
$share_increase = $row_special_def->share_increase;
$share_duration = $row_special_def->duration;
return($maximum_special);
}

function share_increase()
{
$result_shares_def=mysql_query("select * from cooperative.shares_definition
");
$row_shares_def =
mysql_fetch_object($result_shares_def);
$share_increase = $row_shares_def->share_increase;

return($share_increase);
}
function special_increase()
{
$result_special_def=mysql_query("select * from
cooperative.special_saving_def ");
$row_special_def =
mysql_fetch_object($result_special_def);
$special_increase = $row_special_def->special_increase;

return($special_increase);
}

function share_duration()
{
$result_shares_def=mysql_query("select * from cooperative.shares_definition
");
$row_shares_def =
mysql_fetch_object($result_shares_def);

$share_duration = $row_shares_def->duration;
return($share_duration);
}

function special_duration()
{
$result_special_def=mysql_query("select * from
cooperative.special_saving_def");

155
 $row_special_def =
mysql_fetch_object($result_special_def);

$special_duration = $row_special_def->duration;
return($special_duration);
}

function total_investment($coop_no)
{
//Load the staff investment from the staff account table
$result_investment=mysql_query("select sum(investment)
from cooperative.investment
where
investment.coop_no='$coop_no'");
$row_investment=
mysql_fetch_array($result_investment);
$investment = $row_investment['sum(investment)'];
return($investment);
}

function total_special($coop_no)
{
//Load the staff special from the staff account table
$result_special=mysql_query("select sum(special) from
cooperative.special
where
special.coop_no='$coop_no'");
$row_special= mysql_fetch_array($result_special);
$special = $row_special['sum(special)'];
return($special);
}

function comm_balance($itemID)
{

$result_item = mysql_query("SELECT * from loan_repayments WHERE

loan_repayments.loan_repaymentID = '$itemID'");
$row_item= mysql_fetch_object($result_item);
$amount_paid = $row_item->principal_paid;
return($amount_paid);

function max_loanID($coop_no,$id,$form_type)
{
$result_repayments = mysql_query("SELECT MAX(loan_repaymentID) from
loan_repayments

WHERE loan_repayments.coop_no = '$coop_no'

156
 AND loan_repayments.loansID = '$id'

AND loan_repayments.form_type = '$form_type'");

$row_repayments= mysql_fetch_array($result_repayments);
$loan_repayID
= $row_repayments['MAX(loan_repaymentID)'];
return($loan_repayID);
}
function loans_name($loan_type)
{
$result_code = mysql_query("SELECT * from loan_code WHERE
loan_code.loanID = '$loan_type'");
$row_code=
mysql_fetch_array($result_code);
$loan_name =
$row_code['loan_name'];
return($loan_name);
}

function commodity_name($loan_type)
{
echo"comm id :".$loan_type."<br>";
$sql = "SELECT * from available_items WHERE available_items.itemID =
'$loan_type'";
// echo $sql;
$result_code = mysql_query($sql);
$row_code= mysql_fetch_array($result_code);
$loan_name = $row_code['item_name'];

return($loan_name);
}
function loans_interest_type($loan_type)
{
$result_code = mysql_query("SELECT * from loan_code WHERE
loan_code.loanID = '$loan_type'");
$row_code=
mysql_fetch_array($result_code);
$interest_type
= $row_code['interest_type'];
return($interest_type);
}

function max_id($coop_no,$id,$loan_type)
{
$percentID = 0;
$result_loans = mysql_query("SELECT MAX(percentageID) from
percentage_deductions

157
 WHERE percentage_deductions.coop_no = '$coop_no'

AND percentage_deductions.loanID = '$id'

AND percentage_deductions.loan_type = '$loan_type'");

$row_percentage= mysql_fetch_array($result_loans);
$num_per=
mysql_num_rows($result_loans);
if($num_per
>0)
$percentID =
$row_percentage ['MAX(percentageID)'];
return($percentID);
}

function max_loanID_Others($coop_no)
{
$result_others = mysql_query("SELECT MAX(otherID) from other_deductions

WHERE other_deductions.coop_no = '$coop_no'");

$row_others=
mysql_fetch_array($result_others);
$otherID =
$row_others['MAX(otherID)'];
return($otherID);
}
function select_others($coop_no,$id_no)
{
$result_others = mysql_query("SELECT MAX(amount) from other_deductions

WHERE other_deductions.coop_no = '$coop_no'

and otherID='$id_no'");
$row_others=
mysql_fetch_array($result_others);
$otherID =
$row_others['MAX(amount)'];
return($otherID);
}
function insert_savings($coop_no,$source,$payment_date,$amount_left)
{
$result = mysql_query("insert into savings values

('','$coop_no','$source','$payment_date','$amount_left')");
}
function insert_shares($coop_no,$source,$payment_date,$shares)
{
$result = mysql_query("insert into shares values

158
('','$coop_no','$source','$payment_date','$shares')");
}
function insert_special($coop_no,$source,$payment_date,$special)
{
$result = mysql_query("insert into special values
('','$coop_no','$source','$payment_date','$special')");
}
function insert_special_savings($coop_no,$source,$payment_date,$shares)
{
$result = mysql_query("insert into special_savings values

('','$coop_no','$source','$payment_date','$shares')");
}

function insert_investment($coop_no,$source,$payment_date,$investment_left)
{
$result = mysql_query("insert into investment values

('','$coop_no','$source','$payment_date','$investment_left')");
}

function insert_monthly_deduction($coop_no,$payment_date,
$amount_deducted)
{
$result = mysql_query("insert into monthly_deduction values

('','$coop_no','$payment_date','$amount_deducted')");
}
function insert_teller_account($coop_no,$bank_code,$date_on_teller,$teller_no,
$amount_on_teller,$receipt_no,$receipt_date,$userid)
{

$query = "insert into teller_account values

('','$coop_no','$bank_code','$date_on_teller','$teller_no','$amount_on_teller','$rece
ipt_no','$receipt_date')";
//echo $query;
$result = mysql_query($query);

if ($tellerid = mysql_insert_id())
{
$this->insert_user_account($userid,$tellerid);
// echo "I call this function";
}

function insert_user_account($userid,$tellerid)
{

159
 // Take the time a user login and Ip address of the client system
$login_time = date("y-m-d H:i:s");
//$user_id = $aResult[0];
$ip=$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
$query_accounting = "insert into userAccounting
values('','$tellerid','$userid','$login_time','','$ip')";
//echo " My Query is ".$query_accounting;
$accounting_result = mysql_query($query_accounting);

}
function insert_loan_repayment($coop_no,$form_type,$id,$source,
$principal_paid,$interest,$payment_date,$new_principal_paid,
$new_interest_paid,$interest_rate)
{
$result = mysql_query("insert into loan_repayments values

('','$coop_no','$form_type','$id','$source','$principal_paid','$interest','$payment_da
te','$new_principal_paid',
'$new_interest_paid','$interest
_rate')");
}
function principal_repayment($loan_repayID)
{
$result_repayments = mysql_query("SELECT * from loan_repayments
WHERE loan_repaymentID = '$loan_repayID'");
$row_repayments = mysql_fetch_object($result_repayments);
$principal_repay = $row_repayments->principal_paid;
return($principal_repay);
}

function interest_repayment($loan_repayID)
{
$result_repayments = mysql_query("SELECT * from loan_repayments
WHERE loan_repaymentID = '$loan_repayID'");
$row_repayments = mysql_fetch_object($result_repayments);
$interest_repay = $row_repayments->interest_paid;
return($interest_repay);
}

function verify($username,$password,$encrpt=0)
{
$user_table='user_table';
if($encrpt==0)
$query="SELECT
`password`,COUNT(`password`), `group` FROM `$user_table` WHERE
`username`='$username' GROUP BY `password`";
else
$query="SELECT
md5(`password`),COUNT(`password`), `group` FROM `$user_table` WHERE
`username`='$username' GROUP BY `password`";

160
 $result=mysql_query($query);
if(!$result)
echo "Error Occured:".mysql_error()."Error
No:".mysql_errno()."<br>";
else
{
$row=mysql_fetch_row($result);
$cpassword=$row[0];
$count=$row[1];
$group=$row[2];

if($count==0)
return(2); //not registered

else
{
if($password==$cpassword)

{ $_SESSION['username']=$username;

$_SESSION['user_group']=$group;
return(1);
}
else
return(3);//password incorrect
}
}
}//End of function verify
function dateconvert($date,$func) {
if ($func == 1){ //insert conversion
list($day, $month, $year) = split('[/.-]', $date);
$date = "$year-$month-$day";
return $date;
}
if ($func == 2){ //output conversion
list($year, $month, $day) = split('[-.]', $date);
$date = "$day/$month/$year";
return $date;

}
}
function return_date($date, $func) { //returns either day, month or year
list($day, $month, $year) = split('[/.-]', $date);
$unixtime = mktime(0, 0, 0, $day, $month, $year);
switch ($func) {
case "day":
{
$val = date("j" , $unixtime);
$val = intval($val);
return $val;

161
 break;
}
case "month":
{
$val = date("n" , $unixtime);
$val = intval($val);
return $val;
break;
}
case "year":
{
$val = date("Y" , $unixtime);
$val = intval($val);
return $val;
break;
}
}

//}
?>
Style Sheet

/*
Design by Free CSS Templates
http://www.freecsstemplates.org
Released for free under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License
*/

body {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0;
background: #CC6660;
text-align: justify;
font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 12px;
color: #FF080E;
}

h1, h2, h3 {
margin-top: 0;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}

h1 {

162
 font-size: 1.6em;
font-weight: normal;
font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}

h2 {
font-size: 1.6em;
}

h3 {
font-size: 1em;
}

ul {
}

a{
text-decoration: none;
color: #2F2A1D;
}

a:hover {
border-bottom: none;
}

a img {
border: none;
}

img.left {
float: left;
margin: 0 20px 0 0;
}

img.right {
float: right;
margin: 0 0 0 20px;
}

#header {
width: 1000px;
margin: 0 auto;
height: 240px;
background: url(images/img01.jpg) no-repeat left top;
font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 24px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#header_login {
width: 1000px;

163
 margin: 0 auto;
height: 115px;
background: url(images/img01.jpg) no-repeat left top;
font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 24px;
font-weight: bold;
}

/* Header */

#logo {
float: left;
width: 450px;
padding-top: 50px;
padding-right: 10px;
padding-bottom: 10px;
padding-left: 300px;
}

#logo h1, #logo p {

float: left;
margin: 0;
font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #FFFFFF;
}

#logo span {
color: #FF9900;
}

#logo h1 {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
letter-spacing: -2px;
text-transform: none;
font-size: 48px;
}

#logo p {
letter-spacing: -1px;
text-transform: none;
margin: 0px;
padding: 18px 0px 0px 3px;
font-size: 14px;
color: #FFFFFF;
font-weight: bold;
}

#logo a {
border: none;

164
 text-decoration: none;
color: #FFFFFF;
}

/* Menu */

#menu {
float: right;
width: 1000px;
height: 40px;

#menu ul {
float: right;
margin: 0px 30px 0px 0px;
padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
list-style: none;
}

#menu li {
float: left;
display: inlie;
margin-top:1;
}

#menu a {
display: block;
height: 15px;
margin: 0px 1px 0px 0px;
padding: 10px 20px 0px 20px;
background: url(images/img06.jpg) repeat-x left top;
text-decoration: none;
text-transform: lowercase;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 13px;
font-weight: bold;
color: #BFB28D;
margin-top:10;
}

#menu a:hover {
color: #FFFFFF;
}

#menu .current_page_item a {
color: #FFFFFF;
}

165
/* Wrapper */

#wrapper {
width: 100%;
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}

/* Page */

#page {
width: 940px;
margin: 0px auto;
padding: 10px 30px;
background: #BFB28D url(images/img02.jpg) repeat-y left top;
}

/* Latest Post */

#latest-post {
padding: 20px;
border: 1px solid #E7E7E7;
}

/* Content */

#content {
float: left;
width: 480px;
margin: 0px;
padding-top: 20px;
padding-right: 10px;
padding-bottom: 20px;
padding-left: 220px;
}

.post {
padding-bottom: 15px;
line-height: 200%;
/*background: url(images/img05.jpg) repeat-x left 22px;*/
left: 30px;
right: 30px;
clip: rect(auto,30px,auto,30px);
}

.post h1 {
font-weight: normal;
}

166
.title {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
letter-spacing: 1px;
text-transform: none;
font-size: 22px;
font-weight: bold;
}

.title a {
border-bottom: none;
color: #2F2A1D;
}

.byline {
margin: -4px 0px 20px 0px;
padding: 20px 20px 0px 20px;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 11px;
}

.byline a {
color: #666666;
}

.tag {`
padding: 0 15px;
}

.entry {
padding: 0px 20px;
}

.links {
}

.links a {
width: 100px;
display: block;
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
background: #590202;
text-align: center;
color: #FFF;
}

.links a:hover {
}

/* Sidebars */

167
#sidebar1 {
float: left;
width: 220px;
}

#sidebar2 {
float: right;
width: 220px;
}

.sidebar {
float: left;
color: #3D3726;
}

.sidebar ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}

.sidebar li {
background: url(images/img05.jpg) repeat-x left top;
}

.sidebar li ul {
background: none;
margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.sidebar li li {
line-height: 220%;
padding: 0px 16px 0px 16px;
background: none;
}

.sidebar li h2 {
height: 32px;
padding: 8px 0px 0px 15px;
background: url(images/img04.jpg) no-repeat left top;
letter-spacing: -1px;
text-transform: lowercase;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: normal;
color: #FFFFFF;
}

168
.sidebar h2 a {
}

.sidebar a {
color: #2F2A1D;
}

/* Search */

#searchform {
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0 20px 0;
}

#searchform br {
display: none;
}

#searchform h2 {
}

#s {
margin: 10px 0px 0 15px;
padding: 2px 2px;
width: 165px;
height: 18px;
border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
background: #FFFFFF;
font-size: 10px;
color: #000000;
}

#x {
margin: 0;
padding: 2px 5px;
height: 25px;
background: #CA8186;
text-decoration: none;
text-transform: uppercase;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 10px;
color: #CCCCCC;
}
/* Calendar */

#calendar_wrap {
padding: 10px 15px;
text-align: center;
}

169
#calendar_wrap table {
width: 100%;
}

#calendar_wrap th {
}

#calendar_wrap td {
}

#calendar_wrap tfoot td {
border: none;
}

#calendar_wrap tfoot td#prev {

text-align: left;
font-weight: bold;
border: none;
}

#calendar_wrap tfoot td#prev a {

border: none;
}

#calendar_wrap tfoot td#next {

text-align: right;
font-weight: bold;
border: none;
}

#calendar_wrap tfoot td#next a {

border: none;
}

/* Footer */

#footer-wrapper {
width: 100%;
height: 100px;
}

#footer {
width: 1000px;
height: 100px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 0px;
background: url(images/img03.jpg) no-repeat left top;
}

#footer p {

170
 margin: 0;
padding: 60px 0 0 0;
text-align: center;
text-transform: uppercase;
font-size: 10px;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #FFF;
}

#footer a {
color: #FFF;
}

#footer .link {
}

#footer .copyright {
}

Welcome

<?
session_start();
if($_SESSION['user']==''){
header('Location: http://localhost/isss/index.php');
}

if($_SESSION['group']==1){
include("super_admin_header.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==2){
include("admin_header.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==3){
include("regisrar_head.php");
}
elseif($_SESSION['group']==4){
include("end_user_head.php");
}
//include("/template/body.php");
include("footer.php");

?>

Footer

<?
echo"<div id='footer'>";
echo"<div> <p class='copyright'>&copy;&nbsp;&nbsp;2014 Digital Library for
Senior Secondary School, Developed by Olagoke Olusegun Micheal, IMIS

171
Student Reg No.346049, tel:+234 8060588180, email: tunbosu@gmail.com
</p>";
echo" </div></div>";
echo "</body>";
echo "</html>";
?>

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Agbonlahor, R. (2005). Utilization Levels and Attitudes Towards Information

172
Technology among Nigeria University Lecturers (Doctoral thesis), Africa
Regional Centre for Information Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, pp 13-35.

Alter, S. (2002). Information Systems. New York; Prentice Hall Inc., 256p.

A.A Ayinla A.A Ayinla; B.Ed;LARIS, M.Sc;ARCIS, PH.D (Adetokunbo Lucas

Public Health Library Online Caterloging System, 2010)

Anonymous (2008). Relational Database: (Internet),

qldbpool.wordpress.com/2008/04/04/database.

Conlon, J. and Conlon, S. (1996). Optimal use of an Information Retrieval

System. Journal of The American Society for Information Science (JASIS), 47(6),
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Dates, C. J. (1990). An Introduction to Database Systems, Vol. 1. 5th Edition.

Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Co.

Etubi, M. (2009). Retrospective Conversion of Arabic Collections at a Nigerian

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Borgman, 2000), (Fox, Akscyn, Furuta, & Leggett, 1995), (Fox & Marchionini,
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(Lagoze C. , 2010). As Gonçalves et al. have explained (Gonçalves, Fox, Watson,
& Kipp, 2004 (Ross S. , 2003)) ,

Ehikhamenor, F. A. (2005). Information System Development: Management

Strategies and Methods. Readings in Information Science Series (1). Africa
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Faisal, S. A. and Surendran, B (2008). Automation of Library at Kendriya

Vidyalaya Pattom
Thiruvananthapuram (Report), 15p.

Kochtanek T. and Mathew J. (2002). Library Information Systems: From Library

Automation to Distributed Information Access Solution, 2nd ed. U.S.A.
Greenwood Publications, 611p.
Munshi (2009). Integrated_Library_System (Internet), UNESCO.
www.odl.state.ok.us/servlibs/l-files/glossi.htm en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Odi, Amuse (1989). Library Automation: special libraries. Journal of the
National Association of Library and Information Science Student (1)1, 2-13.
Olalekan, S. A. (2007). Analysis and Designs of an Information Retrieval
System(IRS) for Journals in ACIS Library (Project), Africa Regional Centre for
Information Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 81p.

173
Onilude, O. O. (2005). Analysis and Design of Computerized Information
Retrieval System for FIIRO (Project), Africa Regional Centre for Information
Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 86p.

Petratos, P. (2006) Information Retrieval System: a perspective on human

interaction, Journal of the Association for computing machinery, 573p.

Baeza-Yates and Ribeiro-Neto (1999). Modern Information Retrieval. New York:

Addison Wesly, 513p.

Richard, E. Bubin (2004). Foundation of Library and Information Science. 2nd

Edition. New York: Neal- Schuman Publications, pp.33-50.

Stair, R. M. and Reynolds, G. W. (2001). Principle of Information Systems:

Management Approach, 5th Edition. U.S.A. Thomson Learning, pp.22-56.

Taylor, A. G. (2004). The Organization of Information, London: GreenWood

Publishing Group, Inc. Whitten, Jeffery, 417p.

Tiamiyu, M. A. (2003). Organization of Data in Information System: A synthesis

for the Information Professions, 141p.

University of Lowa (1992) Integrated Library System Migration Study (Internet),

Lowa. http//lowa.www.lib.uiowa.edu/oasis/ils/report/integrated.html. 28th May
2004.

174