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(10.135)
and
(10.136)
respectively. Here,
,
,
, et cetera, are arbitrary constants. Likewise, the previous analysis also allows
us to deduce that
(10.137)
(10.138)
(10.139)
(10.140)
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1/1/22, 9:22 PM Axisymmetric Stokes Flow In and Around a Fluid Sphere
in the region
, with analogous expressions in the region
. Here,
,
,
are the viscosity,
In the region outside the drop, the fluid velocity must asymptote to
at large
. This implies
that
and
. Furthermore,
--that is, the normal velocity at the drop
boundary must be zero--otherwise, the
drop would change shape. This constraint yields
.
Two additional physical constraints that must be satisfied at the interface between the two fluids are, firstly,
continuity of tangential
velocity--that is,
--and, secondly, continuity of tangential
stress--that is,
. These constraints yield
and
, respectively.
Figure:
Contours of the Stokes stream function in the
-
plane for Stokes flow in and around a fluid
sphere. Here,
.
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1/1/22, 9:22 PM Axisymmetric Stokes Flow In and Around a Fluid Sphere
(10.141)
and
(10.142)
Figure:
Contours of the Stokes stream function in the
-
plane for Stokes flow in and around a fluid
sphere. Here,
.
(10.143)
(10.144)
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1/1/22, 9:22 PM Axisymmetric Stokes Flow In and Around a Fluid Sphere
where
is the surface tension of the interface between the two fluids. (See Section 3.3.)
Hence, we obtain
(10.145)
and
(10.146)
where
is the kinematic viscosity of the surrounding fluid. The fact that we have been able to
completely satisfy all of the physical constraints at the interface between the two fluids,
as long as the drop
moves at the constant vertical velocity
, proves that our previous assumptions that the interface
is spherical,
and that the drop moves vertically through the surrounding fluid at a constant speed without changing shape,
were correct. In the limit,
, in which the drop is much more viscous than the surrounding fluid, we
recover Equation (10.128): that is, the drop acts like a solid sphere. On the other hand, in the limit
, and
, which is appropriate to an air bubble rising through a liquid, we obtain
(10.147)
Next: Exercises
Up: Incompressible Viscous Flow
Previous: Axisymmetric Stokes Flow Around
Richard Fitzpatrick
2016-01-22
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