6 Exam Paper - IB HL - Separable Differential Equations

07/12/2018 6 Exam Paper - IB HL - Separable differential equations
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6 Exam Paper IB HL Separable differential equations
Syllabus: IB(HL) Questions: 25 Time: 4 hours 57 minutes Total Marks: 247
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6 Exam Paper IB HL Separable differential equations
Questions: 25 Time: 4 hours 57 minutes Total Marks: 247
Q1 ID: 832 [9 marks, 11 minutes]
Given that y = 5 at x = , solve the differential equation

dy
= 8yx2 cos x y 0
dx
(a) Liquid is poured into a container at a constant rate of

3 −1
20 cm s . At time t seconds liquid is leaking from the container
3 3 −1 3
at a rate of 30 V cm s , where V cm is the volume of liquid in
the container at that time.
dV
(a) Show that −30 = 3V − 600
dt
Given that v = 1200 when t = 0,
(b) find the solution of the differential equation in the form V = f (t).
(c) find the limiting value of V as t infinity
A circular stain grows in such a way that the rate of

increase of its radius is inversely proportional to the
square of the radius. Given that the area of the stain
2
at time t seconds is A cm ,
dA 1
(a) show that .
dt A
Another
stain, which is growing more quickly, has area
2
S cm at time t seconds. It is given that
dS 2e2t
=
dt S
Given that, for this second stain, S = 144 at time t = 0,
(b) solve the differential equation to find the time at which S = 169.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
A drop of oil is modelled as a circle of radius r. At time t

− t
r = 4(5 − e ) t 0
where is a positive constant.
(a) Show that the area A of the circle satisfies
dA
= 32 (5e− t − e−2 t )
dt
In
an alternative model of the drop of oil its area A at time t satisfies
3
dA A 2
= t 0
dt t2
Given that the area of the drop is 1 at t = 1
(b) find an expression for A in terms of t for this alternative model.
(c) Show that, in the alternative model, the value of A cannot
exceed 4.
Liquid is pouring into a container at a constant rate of

3 −1
30cm s and is leaking out at a rate proportional to the
volume of liquid already in the container.
(a) Explain why, at time t seconds, the volume Vcm3 of
liquid in the container satisfies the differential equation
dV
= 30 − kV ,
dt
where k is a positive constant.
The container is initially empty.
(b) By solving the differential equation, show that V = A + Be−kt ,
giving the values of A and B in terms of k.
dV
Given also that = 10 when t = 6,
dt
(c) find the volume of liquid in the container at 12s after the start.
At time t seconds the length of the side of a cube is x cm

the surface area is S cm, and the volume is V cm.
The surface area of the cube is increasiong at a
2 −1
constant rate of 20cm s . Show that
dx k
(a)
dt = x where k is a constant to be found,
dV 1
(b) = 5V 3 .
dt
Given that V = 8 when t = 0,
(c) solve the differential equation in part (b), and
find the value of t when V = 16.
(a) Solve the differential equation

dy 79 + 2y
=
dx x2
given that y = 1 when x = 1.
1 1 20
(b) Show that the solution can be written as y = − + 21 .
2 x2 x
A population growth is modelled by the differential equation

dP
= kP
dt
where P is the population, t is the time measured in days and k is a positive

constant. Given that the initial population is P0 ,
(a) solve the differential equation, giving P in terms of P0 , k and t.
Given also that k = 1 2,
(b) find the time taken, to the nearest minute, for the population to reach 3P0 .
A population growth is modelled by the differential equation

dP
= P cos t
dt
where P is the population, t is the time measured in days and is a

positive constant. Given that the initial population is P0 ,
(a) solve the differential equation, giving P in terms of P0 , and t.
(b) Given also that = 2 7, find the time taken, to the nearest
minute, for the population to reach 1 8P0 for the first time.
The price £P of an item at time t years is to be modelled as a

continuous variable such that the rate of increase of P is directly
proportional to P .
Write down a differential equation that is satisfied by P .
(a)
(b) Given that the price of the item at t = 0 is £53, show that
kt
P = 53e , where k is a positive constant.
(c) After 5 years the price of the item is £71. Find the price of the item after 13 years.
3x − 1
(a) Express in partial fractions.
(2x − 5)(x − 2)
(b) Given that x 3, find the general solution of the differential equation
dy
(2x − 5)(x − 2) = (3x − 1)y
dx
(c) Hence find the particular solution of this differential equation
that satisfies y = 10 at x = 3, giving your answer in the form y = f (x).
Solve the differential equation

dy 3 cos 3x
=
dx y
given that y = 2 when x = 2. Give your answer in the form y 2 = f (x).
A neglected large lawn contains a certain type of weed. The area of

the lawn covered by the weed at time t years is W m2 . The rate
of increase of W is directly proportional to W .

(a) Write down a differential equation that is satisfied by W .
2
(b) The area of the lawn covered by the weed initially is 0 6 m and
2
one year later the area covered is 2 21 m . Find an expression for W in terms of t.
A skydiver drops from a helicopter. She opens her parachute when her speed is 12 ms−1 .
Her speed t seconds after this is w ms−1 and is modelled by the differential equation
dw 1
= − (w − 5)(w + 8)
dt 2
1
(a) Express in partial fractions.
(w − 5)(w + 8)
w−5 7 −6 5t
(b) Using this result, show that = e .
w + 8 20
(c) According to this model, what is the speed of the skydiver in the long term?
5
(a) Express in partial fractions
25 − y 2
dy
(b) Hence obtain the solution of 5 cot x = (25 − y 2 )
dx
2
for which y = 0 at x = 3, giving your answer in the form sec x = g (y).
4 A B
(a) Express in the form + .
x2 − 4 x−2 x+2
4
(b) Hence find dx.
x2 − 4
dy 4y
(c) Solve the differential equation = , given that y = 1 at x = 3
dx 3(x2 − 4)
5(x − 2)
(d) Show that the solution can be written as y 3 = .
x+2
Water flows out of a tank through a hole in the bottom and, at time t
minutes, the depth of water in the tank is x metres. At any instant, the
rate at which the depth of water in the tank is decreasing is proportional
the square root of the depth of water in the tank.
to
(a) Write down a differential equation which models this situation.
(b) When t = 0 x = 1 9; when t = 4 x = 1 7. Find t when x = 1 5,
giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place.
dy
(a) Show that, if y = cosec x, then can be expressed as - cosec x cot x
dx
dx
(b) Solve the differential equation = −7 sin x tan x cot t, given that
dt
x = 6 when t = 2
dy 4y
(a) Solve the differential equation =
dx x
7 4
(b) Given that the solution passes through the point (3 7), show that its equation is y = 81
x
A skydiver drops from a helicopter. Before she opens her parachute her speed v ms−1
after time t seconds is modelled by the differential equation
dv 1
= 14e− 6 t
dt
When t = 0 v = 0.
(a) Find v in terms of t.
(b) According to this model, what is the speed of the skydiver in the long term?
A gourmet chef is renowned for her spherical shaped soufflé.

Once it is put in the oven, its volume increases at a rate proportional to its radius.
(a) Show that the radius r cm of the soufflé, at time t minutes after it has been
dr k
put
in the oven, satisfies the differential equation = , where k is a constant.
dt r
(b) Given that the radius of the soufflé is 11 cm when it goes in the oven,
and 16 cm when it's cooked 33 minutes later, find, to the nearest cm,
its radius after 15 minutes in the oven.
Scientists can estimate the time elapsed since an animal died by measuring its body temperature.
(a) Assuming the temperature goes down at a constant rate of 1 degrees Fahrenheit per hour,
estimate how long it will take for the temperature to drop
(A) from 97°F to 86°F, (B) from 97°F to 79°F.
In practice, rate of temperature loss is not likely to be constant. A better model is provided by
Newton's law of cooling, which states that the temperature q in degrees Fahrenheit t hours after
death is given by the differential equation
d
= −k( − 0 ),
dt
where 0 °F is the air temperature and k is a constant.
(b) Show by integration that the solution of this equation is = 0 + Ae−kt , where A is a constant.
The value of 0 is 49, and the initial value of is 97. The initial rate of temperature loss is 1°F per hour.
(c) Find A, and show that k = 0 02083.
(d) Use this model to calculate how long it will take for the temperature to drop
(A) from 97°F to 86°F, (B) from 97°F to 79°F.
(e) Comment on the results obtained in parts (a) and (d).
dx 1
A differential equation is given by = −kte 2 x where k is a positive constant.
dt
(a) Solve the differential equation.
(b) Hence, given that x = 8 when t = 0 show that x = −2 ln 14 kt2 + e−4 .

dx 1
The
population of a colony of insects is decreasing according to the model = −kte 2 x ,
dt
where x thousands is the number of insects in the colony after time t.
Initially there were 8000 insects in the colony. Given that k = 0 006,
(c) find the population of the colony after 11 minutes, giving your answer to the nearest 100.
(d) find the time after which there are no insects left in the colony, giving your answer to
the nearest 0 1 of a minute.
6x + 3
(a) Find dx x 0.
x
1
dy (6x + 3)y 3
(b) Given that y = 1 at x = 1, solve the differential equation =
dx x
giving your answer in the form y 2 = g (x).
1
(a) Find (4y + 10)− 2 dy.
dy 4y + 10
(b) Given that y = 1 5 at x = −3, solve the differential equation =
dx x2
giving your answer in the form y = f (x).
6 Exam Paper IB HL Separable differential equations Mark Scheme
A1 ID: 832 [9 marks, 11 minutes]
dy dy
= 8yx2 cos x = 8 x2 cos x dx M1
dx y
LHS = ln y B1
RHS = 8x2 sin x − 8 2x sin x dx M 1A2

= 8x2 sin x − 16x(− cos x) − 8 2(− cos x) dx A1
= 8x2 sin x + 16x cos x − 16 sin x + c A1
y = 5 at x = ln 5 = 0 − 16 − 0 + c
c = 16 + ln 5 M1
ln y = 8x2 sin x + 16x cos x − 16 sin x + 16 + ln 5 A1
dV 3
(a) = 20 − V M 1A1
dt 30
dV dV
30 = 600 − 3V − 30 = 3V − 600 A1
dt dt
−30
(b) solve dV = dt
3V − 600
−30
dV = dt M1
3V − 600
−30
ln(3V − 600) = t + c M 1A1
3
−30 −30
ln(3 1200 − 600) = c c= ln(3000) M 1A1
3 3
−30 −30
ln(3V − 600) = t + ln(3000)
3 3
−3
ln(3V − 600) = t + ln(3000)
30
−3
ln(3V − 600) = ln(3000e 30 t )
−3 −3
3V − 600 = 3000e 30 t V = 1000e 30 t + 200 M 1A1
(c) V = 200 B1
dr k
(a) = B1
dt r2
dA
A = r2 = 2 r M 1A1
dr
dA dA dr k
= = 2 r 2
dt dr dt r
3
k 2 k 2 2k
= 2 = = M2
r A A
dA 1
A1
dt A
dS 2e2t
(b) = S dS = 2e2t dt M1
dt S
2 3
S 2 = e2t + c M 1A1
3
S = 144 t = 0 1152 = 1 + c c = 1151 B1
2t
S = 169 1464 667 = e + 1151 M1
313 667 = e2t
1
t = ln 313 667 = 2 9 M 1A1
2
(a) A = r2 = [4(5 − e− t )]2

= 16 (25 − 10e− t + e−2 t ) M 1A1
dA
dt
= 16 (10 e− t − 2 e−2 t ) M1
= 32 (5e− t − e−2 t ) M 1A1
3
dA A2 3
(b) dt = t2
A− 2 dA = t−2 dt M1
−2A = − 12 −t−1
+ c M 1A2

A = 1 t = 1 −2 = −1 + c c = −1 B1
− 12 −1
−2A = −t − 1
1
A 2 = 0 5t−11 +0 5
4
A = (t−1 +1)2
M 1A1
(c) Amax (t−1 + 1) is least = 1
Amax = 4 B1
dV
(a) Constant rate of increase = 30 B1
dt
dV
Leaking out rate = −kV B1
dt
dV dV
(b) separate variables = dt = dt
30 − kV 30 − kV
−1
ln(30 − kV ) = t + c M 1A1
k
−1
t = 0 V = 0 c = ln(30) A1
k
− ln(30 − kV ) = kt − ln(30)
30
ln( ) = kt
30 − kV
30 30 − kV
= ekt = e−kt
30 − kV 30
30 − kV = 30e−kt
30 30 −kt
V = − e M 2A1
k k
dV
(c) = 30e−kt
dt
dV
t=6 = 10 10 = 30e−6k M 1A1
dt
1
k = ln 3 B1
6
30 30 −12k
after 12s V = − e
k k
180 180 −2 ln 3
V = − e
ln 3 ln 3
180 20
V = − M 1A1
ln 3 ln 3
dS dS dx dx
(a) = 20 = 20 12x = 20 M 1A1
dt dx dt dt
dx 20
= M 1A1
dt12x
dV dV dx 20
(b) = = 3x2 = 5x M 1A1
dt dx dt 12x
1 dV 1
5V 3 = 5x = 5V 3 M 1A1
dt
dV 1 dV dV
(c) = 5V 3 1 = dt = 5 dt
dt 5V 3 V3
1
3 2
V 3 = 5t + c M 1A2
2
V = 8 t = 0 c = 6 M 1A1
3 23
t = 16 − 1 2 M 1A1
10
dy 79 + 2y 1
(a) = (79 + 2y)− 2 dy = x−2 dx M2
dx x2
2 1
LHS = (79 + 2y) 2 A1
2
RHS = −x−1 A1
1
−1
(79 + 2y) = −x + c 2
1
y = 1 at x = 1 (81) 2 = −1−1 + c c = 10
1
(79 + 2y) 2 = −x−1 + 10 M 1A1
(b) simplify 79 + 2y = (−x−1 + 10)2
1 20
79 + 2y = − + 100
x2 x
1 20
2y = 2 − + 21
x x
1 1 20
y = − + 21 M 1A1
2 x2 x
dP 1
(a) = kP dP = k dt
dt P
LHS = ln P
RHS = kt
ln P = kt + c
P = ekt+c M 1A1
P = P0 when t = 0 P0 = ec
P = P0 ekt M 1A1
1 2t
(b) 3P0 = P0 e 3 = e1 2t M1
1 2t = ln 3
ln 3
t = = 0 9155 days
12
t = 1318 minutes M 1A1
dP 1
(a) = P cos t dP = cos t dt
dt P
LHS = ln P
RHS = sin t
ln P = sin t + c
P = esin t+c M 1A1
P = P0 when t = 0 P0 = ec
P = P0 esin t M 1A1
sin 2 7t
(b) 1 8P0 = P0 e 1 8 = esin 2 7t M1
sin 2 7t = ln 1 8
−1
sin ln 1 8
t = = 0 2327 days
27
t = 335 minutes M 1A1
dP
(a) = kP B1
dt
dP dP
(b) = kP = k dt
dt P
dP
= k dt
P
ln P = kt + c M 1A2
P = Cekt

t = 0 P = 53 53 = C
P = 53ekt M 1A1
(c) t = 5 P = 71 71 = 53e5k
71
e5k =
53
1
k = ln 1 34 = 0 058 M 1A1
5
t = 13 P = 53e0 76 = £113 35 M 1A1
3x − 1 A B
(a) + B1
(2x − 5)(x − 2) 2x − 5 x − 2
3x − 1 A(x − 2) + B (2x − 5)
x = 2 5 = −1B B = −5 A1
(x) 3 = A + 2B A = 13 A1
dy (3x − 1)
(b) diff eqn = dx
y (2x − 5)(x − 2)
dy 13 −5
= + dx M 1A1
y 2x − 5 x − 2
13
ln y = ln(2x − 5) + −5 ln(x − 2) + c A3
2
13
(c) x = 3 y = 10 ln 10 = ln 1 + −5 ln 1 + c M1
2
c = ln 10 A1
13
ln y = ln(2x − 5) + −5 ln(x − 2) + ln 10
2
13
ln y = ln 10(2x − 5) 2 (x − 2)−5
13
y = 10(2x − 5) 2 (x − 2)−5 M 1A1
dy 3 cos 3x
= y dy = 3 cos 3x dx M1
dx y
1 2
LHS = y A1
2
RHS = sin 3x + c A1
4
y = 2 at x = 2 = − 1 + c
2
c = 3 M1
1
y 2 = sin 3x + 3
2
y 2 = 2 sin 3x + 6 A1
dW
(a) = kW B1
dt
dW dW
(b) = kW = k dt
dt W
dW
= k dt
W
ln W = kt + c
W = Cekt M 1A2
t = 0 W = 0 6 0 6 = C
t = 1 W = 2 21 2 21 = 0 6ek
k = ln 3 683 = 1 304
W = 0 6e1 304t M 1A2
1 A B
(a) = + B1
(w − 5)(w + 8) w−5 w+8
1 = A(w + 8) + B (w − 5)
1
w = 5 1 = 13A A= M 1A1
13
1
w = −8 1 = −13B B=− A1
13
dw 1 dw 1
(b) = − (w − 5)(w + 8) =− dt M1
dt 2 (w − 5)(w + 8) 2
1 1 1 1
− dw = − t + c
13 w−5 w+8 2
1 1
ln(w − 5) − ln(w + 8) = − t + c M 1A1
13 2
w−5 13
ln = − t + c
w+8 2
7
t = 0 w = 12 ln = c M2
20
w−5 13 7 7 −6 5t
= e− 2 t+ln 20 = e B1
w+8 20
w−5
(c) t 0 w 5 M 1A1
w+8
5 A B
(a) = +
25 − y 2 5−y 5+y
5 = A(5 + y ) + B (5 − y ) M1
1
y = 5 5 = 10A A=
2
1
y = −5 5 = 10B B= A1
2
1 1
5 2 2
= + A1
25 − y 2 5 − y 5 + y
dy 5
(b) 5 cot x = (25 − y 2 ) dy = tan x dx B1
dx 25 − y 2
1 1
2 2
+ dy = tan x dx
5−y 5+y
1 1
− ln(5 − y ) + ln(5 + y ) = ln sec x + c B1M 1A1
2 2
1 1
y=0 x= − ln(5) + ln(5) = ln sec + c M1
3 2 2 3
c = − ln 2
1 5+y sec x
ln = ln M1
2 5−y 2
5+y sec2 x
ln = ln M1
5−y 4
5 + y sec2 x 20 + 4y
= sec2 x = A1
5−y 4 5−y
4 A B
(a) = +
x2 − 4 x−2 x+2
4 = A(x + 2) + B (x − 2) M1
x = 2 4 = 4A A = 1
x = −2 4 = −4B B = −1 M 1A1
4 1 1
(b) dx = − dx
x2 − 4 x−2 x+2
= ln(x − 2) − ln(x + 2) + c M 1A1
dy 4y 3 4
(c) = dy = dx M1
dx 3(x − 4)
2 y 2
x −4
3 ln y = ln(x − 2) − ln(x + 2) + c M 1A1
y = 1 x = 3 0 = ln(1) − ln(5) + c
c = ln 5 M1
5(x − 2)
(d) ln y 3 = ln
(x + 2)
5(x − 2)
y3 = A1
x+2
dx
(a) = −k x M 1A1
dt
dx 1
(b) = −k x x− 2 dx = −kdt
dt
1
2x 2 = −kt + c M 1A1
1
t = 0 x = 1 9 2(1 9) 2 = c
c = 2 1 9 M1
1
t = 4 x = 1 7 2(1 7) = −4k + 2 1 9
2
2
k = ( 1 9 − 1 7) M1
4
1
x = 1 5 2(1 5) 2 = −kt + 2 1 9
1
kt = 2 1 9 − 2(1 5) 2
1 1
t = 2 1 9 − 2(1 5) 2 = 8 2 M 1A1
k
1 dy 0 − cos x cos x 1
(a) y= = = − = − cosec x cot x M 1A2
sin x dx sin2 x sin x sin x
(b) equation −cosec x cot xdx = 7 cot t dt
cosec x = 7 ln sin t + c M 1A1B1
x= t= cosec = 7 ln sin + c
6 2 6 2
c = 2
−cosec x = 7 ln sin t + 2 M 1A1
dy 4y dy 4
(a) = = dx M 1A1
dx x y x
ln y = 4 ln x + c M 1A1
y = kx4 A1

(b) x = 3 y = 7 7 = k34
7
k =
81
7 4
y = x A1
81
dv 1 1
(a) = 14e− 6 t 1 dv = 14e− 6 t dt
dt
1
v = −84e− 6 t + c M 1A1

t = 0 v = 0 0 = −84 + c c = 84
1
v = −84e− 6 t + 84 M 1A1
(b) t v 84 ms−1 M 1A1
4 3 dV
(a) V = r = 4 r2 M 1A1
3 dr
dr dr dV 1
= = cr M 1A1
dt dV dt 4 r2
c k
= = A1
4 r r
dr k
(b) = r dr = k dt
dt r
1
r2 = kt + d M 1A1
2
121
t = 0 r = 11 d = M 1A1
2
121
t = 33 r = 16 128 = 33k +
2
45
k = M 1A1
22
1 2 675 121
t = 15 r = +
2 22 2
675
r2 = + 121 r = 13 5 M 1A1
11
(a) time (A) = 11 1 = 11 B1

time (B) = 18 1 = 18 B1
d d
(b) = −k( − 0 ) = −k dt M 1A1
dt − 0
ln( − 0 ) = −kt + c A1
− 0 = e−kt+c
−kt
= 0 + Ae M 1A1
(c) t=0 0 = 49 = 97 97 = 49 + A
A = 48 M 1A1
−k(97 − 49) = −1
k = 0 02083 M 1A1
37
(d) time (A) 86 = 49 + Ae−kt e−kt =
48
1 37
t = − ln = 12 5 M 2A1
k 48
30
time (B) 79 = 49 + Ae−kt e−kt =
48
1 30
t = − ln = 22 56 M 1A1
k 48
(e) comment : models disagree more at greater temperature loss B1
dx 1 1
(a) = −kte 2 x e− 2 x dx = − kt dt B1
dt
1 21
2e− 2 x =
kt + c B2
2
(b) x = 8 t = 0 2e−4 = c B1
1 1 1 1
2e− 2 x = kt2 + 2e−4 e− 2 x = kt2 + e−4
2 4
1 1 2 −4 1 2 −4
− x = ln kt + e x = −2 ln kt + e M 1A1
2 4 4
1
(c) t = 11 x = −2 ln 0 726 + e−4
4
= 3 2 pop = 3200 M 1A1
1 2 −4
(d) x = 0 kt + e = 1
4
4
t2 = (1 − e−4 ) t = 25 6 M 1A1
0 006
6x + 3 3
(a) dx = 6 + dx = 6x + 3 ln x + c M 1A1
x x
1
dy (6x + 3)y 3 1 6x + 3
(b) = y − 3 dy = dx
dx x x
3 2
y 3 = 6x + 3 ln x + c M 1A2
2
3 23
y = 1 x = 1 1 =6+c c = −4 5 B1
2
3 2
y 3 = 6x + 3 ln x − 4 5
2
2
y 3 = 4x + 2 ln x − 3
y 2 = (4x + 2 ln x − 3)3 M 1A1
1 1 1
(a) (4y + 10)− 2 dy = (4y + 10) 2 M 1A1
2
dy 4y + 10 1
(b) = 4y + 10)− 2 dy = x−2 dx
dx x2
1 1
(4y + 10) 2 = −x−1 + c M 1A2
2
1 1
x = −3 y = 1 5 (4(1 5) + 10) 2 = −(−3)−1 + c
2
1 1 1
(16) 2 = + c
2 3
1 5
2 = + c c= B1
3 3
1 1 5
(4y + 10) 2 = −x−1 +
2 3
1 5
(4y + 10) = (−x−1 + )2
4 3
−1 5 2
4y + 10 = 4(−x + )
3
−1 5 2 5
y = 1(−x + ) − M 1A1
3 2

6 Exam Paper - IB HL - Separable Differential Equations

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6 Exam Paper - IB HL - Separable Differential Equations

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07/12/2018 6 Exam Paper - IB HL - Separable differential equations

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