CHAPTER 3: THE DERIVATIVE

I. OBJECTIVES
After the completion of this chapter, the students will be able to:
✓ identify the meaning of the tangent to a curve line or a point;
✓ calculate the derivative of a given function;
✓ estimate the derivative from a table of values;
✓ state the constant, constant multiple, and power rules;
✓ apply the sum and difference rules to combine derivatives;
✓ use the product rule and quotient rule for finding the derivative of a product function and
quotient function respectively; and
✓ extend the power rule to functions with negative exponents.

II. INTRUCTIONS TO THE LEARNERS

This learning module must be utilized as follow:
✓ Keep and use it as neat as possible.
✓ For every chapter, pre-test will be given. This will be used to assess how much does a student
already know for that chapter. Answer key will be provided with this learning module. Answer
key must only be accessed right after finishing the pre-test.
✓ Lessons under each chapter will be discussed in “Learning Activities” section. Learning
activities include discussion, assignments, and exercises. Assignments and exercises will be
done on this learning module. Submission of assignments and exercises will be online for those
who chose online class and face-to-face for those who chose modular learning. NOTE:
Submission of requirements will be scheduled at least once a month to limit physical contact.
✓ Post-test will also be provided in each chapter. This will be used to assess if the students really
learned from different learning activities conducted. Answer key will also be provided and must
only be accessed after completing the post-test.
✓ This learning module is intended for electrical engineering students enrolled in Cavite State
University – CCAT Campus for academic year 2020-2021. Any form of reciprocation of this
learning module without the consent of the author is not allowed. Once caught, proper sanction
will be applied.
III. PRE-TEST

A. Solve for the derivative of the following functions. Show your solution on the space provided.

1.
Given: Solution:
10
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

2.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5

3.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 3
+ 2)(3𝑥 − 5𝑥)

4.
Given: Solution:
5𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥) =
4𝑥+3

5.
Given: Solution:
3
𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1
6.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5

7.
Given: Solution:
2 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 ( + )
𝑥2 𝑥3

8.
Given: Solution:
𝑥 2 +4
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 −4

9.
Given: Solution:
4
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 −
𝑥2

10.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = (4 − 𝑥 2 )3
IV. PRE-TEST FEEDBACK

A. Solve for the derivative of the following functions. Show your solution on the space provided.

1.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 10 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 10 = 10𝑥 10−1 = 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟗

2.
Given: Solution:
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5 = 2𝑥 2−1 + 0 = 𝟐𝒙

3.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 3
+ 2)(3𝑥 − 5𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 2)(3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥)
= (𝑥 2 + 2)(9𝑥 2 − 5) + (3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥)(2𝑥)
= 9𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 2 − 10 + 6𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2
= 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎

4.
Given: Solution:
5𝑥 2 5𝑥 2 (4𝑥+3)(10𝑥)−(5𝑥 2 )(4)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = = (4𝑥+3)2
4𝑥+3 4𝑥+3

40𝑥2 +30𝑥−20𝑥2 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝟎𝒙

= =
(4𝑥+3)2 (𝟒𝒙+𝟑)𝟐

5.
Given: Solution:
3
𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 1 = 15𝑥 3−1 − 1 = 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏
6.
Given: Solution:
1(6𝑥) 𝟑𝒙
𝑓(𝑥) = √3𝑥 2 + 2 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = √3𝑥 2 + 2 = =
2√3𝑥 2 +2 √𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝟐

7.
Given: Solution:
2 5 2 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 ( + ) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 ( + )
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥3
4 15 2 5
= 𝑥 2 (− − )+( + ) (2𝑥)
𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥2 𝑥3
−4𝑥−15 2𝑥+5 −4𝑥−15 4𝑥+10
= 𝑥2 ( ) + 2𝑥 ( )= +
𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥2
𝟐
= −𝟓/𝒙

8.
Given: Solution:
𝑥 2 +4 𝑥 2 +4 (𝑥 2 −4)(2𝑥)−(𝑥 2 +4)(2𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = =
𝑥 2 −4 𝑥 2 −4 (𝑥 2 −4)2

2𝑥 3 −8𝑥−2𝑥 3 −8𝑥 𝟏𝟔𝒙

= (𝑥 2 −4)2
=− 𝟐
(𝒙𝟐 −𝟒)

9.
Given: Solution:
4 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 − 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 − = 3(3𝑥 3−1 ) − 4(−2𝑥 −2−1 )
𝑥2 𝑥2
𝟖
= 𝟗𝒙𝟐 +
𝒙𝟑

10.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = (4 − 𝑥 2 )3 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (4 − 𝑥 2 )3 = 3(4 − 𝑥 2 )3−1 (−2𝑥)
= −6𝑥(4 − 𝑥2 )2 = −6𝑥(16 − 8𝑥2 + 𝑥4 )

= −𝟔𝒙𝟓 + 𝟒𝟖𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝟔𝒙

V. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

A. Discussion
B. Exercises
C. Assignment

A. DISCUSSION

1) Key Terms
2) Defining the Derivative
3) The Derivative as a Function
4) Differentiation Rules

1) Key Terms

▪ Constant multiple rule – the derivative of a constant 𝑐 multiplied by a function 𝑓 is the same as
𝑑
the constant multiplied by the derivative: (𝑐𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑐𝑓 ′ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
▪ Constant rule – the derivative of a constant function is zero.
▪ Derivative – the slope of the tangent line to a function at a point, calculated by taking the limit of
the difference quotient
▪ Derivative function – gives the derivative of a function at each point in the domain of the original
function for which the derivative is defined
▪ Differentiable at 𝒂 – a function for which 𝑓 ′ (𝑎) exists
▪ Differentiable function – a function for which 𝑓 ; (𝑥) exists
▪ Differentiation – process of taking a derivative

2) Defining the Derivative

• Derivative is the slope of the tangent line to a function at a point, calculated by taking the limit
of the difference quotient. The process of finding a derivative is called differentiation.

• Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a function defined in an open interval containing 𝑎. The derivative of a function
𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑎, denoted by 𝑓 ′ (𝑎) is defined by:
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = lim
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
• Estimating the derivative can be done using a table of estimates.

Example 3.1:
For 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 , use a table of estimate 𝑓 ′ (3).
Create a table using values of 𝑥 just below 3 and just above 3.

𝑓(2.9) − 𝑓(3)
𝑓 ′ (3) = lim
𝑥→3 2.9 − 3
(2.9)2 − 9
= lim
𝑥→3 −0.1
= 5.9
𝑓(3.1) − 𝑓(3)
𝑓 ′ (3) = lim
𝑥→3 3.1 − 3
(3.1)2 − 9
= lim
𝑥→3 0.1
 = 6.1
𝑓(2.999) − 𝑓(3)
𝑓 ′ (3) = lim
𝑥→3 2.999 − 3
(2.999)2 − 9
= lim
𝑥→3 −0.001
= 5.999
𝑓(3.001) − 𝑓(3)
𝑓 ′ (3) = lim
𝑥→3 3.001 − 3
(3.001)2 − 9
= lim
𝑥→3 0.001
= 6.001

By using values of 𝑥 closer to 𝑎, we can establish a table of estimate.

Table 3.1 Table of estimate for 𝑓 ′ (3).

𝑥 𝑓 ′ (3)

2.9 5.9

2.99 5.99

2.999 5.999

3.001 6.001

3.01 6.01

3.1 6.1

After examining the table, we see that a good estimate is 𝑓 ′ (3) = 6.

• Derivative can also be found without using a table of estimate.

Example 3.2:
For 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1, find 𝑓 ′ (2).

First, apply the definition for derivative.

𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = lim
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(2)
𝑓 ′ (2) = lim
𝑥→2 𝑥−2
3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 − [3(2)2 − 4(2) + 1]
= lim
𝑥→2 𝑥−2
3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4
= lim
𝑥→2 𝑥−2
(𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 + 2)
= lim
𝑥→2 𝑥−2
= lim (3𝑥 + 2)
𝑥→2
=8
3) Derivative as a Function
• The derivative function gives the derivative of a function at each point in the domain of the
original function for which the derivative is defined. Let 𝑓 be a function. The derivative
function, denoted by 𝑓 ′ , is the function whose domain consists of those values of 𝑥 such that
the following limit exists:
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

Example 3.3:

Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥.

Start directly with the definition of the derivative function.
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
√𝑥 + ℎ − √𝑥
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
√𝑥 + ℎ − √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥
= lim ∙
ℎ→0 ℎ √𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥
𝑥+ℎ−𝑥
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥)

1
= lim
ℎ→0 √𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥
1
=
2√ 𝑥

Example 3.4:

Find the derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥.

Start directly with the definition of the derivative function.
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
(𝑥 + ℎ)2 − 2(𝑥 + ℎ) − (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ2 − 2𝑥 − 2ℎ − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ2 − 2ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ(2𝑥 + ℎ − 2)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
= lim (2𝑥 + ℎ − 2)
ℎ→0
= 2𝑥 − 2

• The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) can be represented in different notation.

i. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) or 𝑦 ′ - Joseph-Louis Lagrange’s notation
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
ii. or 𝑓(𝑥) - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s notation
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
iii. 𝑓̇ or 𝑦̇ - Isaac Newton’s notation
4) Differential Rules
• Finding the derivative of functions by using the definition of the derivative can be a lengthy
and, for certain functions, a rather challenging process. In this section, we develop rules for
finding derivatives that allows us to bypass this process.
1. Constant rule
2. Power rule
3. Sum rule
4. Difference rule
5. Constant multiple rule
6. Product rule
7. Quotient rule
8. Extended power rule

• Constant rule. Let 𝑐 be a constant. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐, then 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0. Using Leibniz’s notation, we
have:
𝑑
(𝑐) = 0
𝑑𝑥

Example 3.5:
Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 8
Applying constant rule, we have 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0

• Power rule. Let 𝑛 be a positive integer. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 , then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 . Using Leibniz’s
notation, we have:
𝑑 𝑛
(𝑥 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑑𝑥

Example 3.6:
Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 10 .
Applying power rule, we have 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 10𝑥 10−1 = 10𝑥 9

• Sum rule. Let 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) be differentiable functions. The derivative of the sum of a function
𝑓 and a function 𝑔 is the same as the sum of the derivative of 𝑓 and the derivative of 𝑔.
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)) = (𝑓(𝑥)) + (𝑔(𝑥))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Example 3.7:
Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5
Applying the sum rule, we have 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 2 ) + 𝑓 ′ (5) = 2𝑥 2−1 + 0 = 2𝑥

• Difference rule. Let 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) be differentiable functions. The derivative of the difference
of a function 𝑓 and a function 𝑔 is the same as the difference of the derivative of 𝑓 and the
derivative of 𝑔.
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)) = (𝑓(𝑥)) − (𝑔(𝑥))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Example 3.8:
Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2
Applying the difference rule, we have 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 3 ) − 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 2 ) = 3𝑥 3−1 − 2𝑥 2−1 = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
• Constant multiple rule. Let 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) be differentiable functions and 𝑘 be a constant.
The derivative of a constant 𝑘 multiplied by a function 𝑓 is the same as the constant multiplied
by the derivative.
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑘𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑘 (𝑓(𝑥))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Example 3.9:
Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 5
Applying the constant multiple rule, 𝑓 ′ (2𝑥 5 ) = 2(𝑓 ′ (𝑥 5 )) = 2(5𝑥 5−1 ) = 10𝑥 4
• Product rule. Let 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) be differentiable functions. The derivative of a product of two
functions is the derivative of the first function times the second function plus the derivative of
the second function times the first function. Then:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)) = (𝑓(𝑥)) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥) + (𝑔(𝑥)) ∙ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Example 3.10:
Find the derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 2)(3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥)
Applying the product rule, we have:
𝑑 𝑑 2 𝑑
((𝑥 2 + 2)(3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥)) = (𝑥 + 2) ∙ (3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥) + (3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥) ∙ (𝑥 2 + 2)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= (2𝑥)(3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥) + (9𝑥 2 − 5)(𝑥 2 + 2)
= 6𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 4 + 18𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 2 − 10
= 15𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 10

• Quotient rule. Let 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) be differentiable functions. Then:

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) (𝑓(𝑥)) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥) − (𝑔(𝑥)) ∙ 𝑓(𝑥)
( )= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑔(𝑥))
Example 3.11:
5𝑥 2
Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) =
4𝑥+3
Applying quotient rule, we have:
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 5𝑥 2 (5𝑥 2 ) ∙ (4𝑥 + 3) − (4𝑥 + 3)(5𝑥 2 )
( )= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 4𝑥 + 3 (4𝑥 + 3)2
(10𝑥)(4𝑥 + 3) − (4)(5𝑥 2 )
=
(4𝑥 + 3)2
40𝑥 + 30𝑥 − 20𝑥 2
2
=
(4𝑥 + 3)2
2
20𝑥 + 30𝑥
=
(4𝑥 + 3)2

• Extended power rule. Let 𝑘 be a negative integer, then:

𝑑 𝑘
(𝑥 ) = 𝑘𝑥 𝑘−1
𝑑𝑥

Example 3.12:
Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 −4
Applying extended power rule, we have 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −4𝑥 −4−1 = −4𝑥 −5
B. EXERCISES

Exercise Number 1

Objective(s) Identify the meaning of the tangent to a curve line or a point.

Instruction Using the space provided below, briefly explain the meaning of a tangent
line to a curve or point.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
__________

Exercise Number 2

Objective(s) Estimate the derivative from a table of values.

Instruction Using a table of estimate/values, determine the derivative of a given

function at a certain point. Solve for at least three (3) points below and
above the given point. Highlight your final answer from the table of
estimate/values.

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 8 𝒙 𝒇′ (𝒙)

Solve for: 𝑓 ′ (2)
Solution:
 Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 5(𝑥 2 − 2)3 𝒙 𝒇′ (𝒙)
Solve for: 𝑓 ′ (1)
Solution:

Exercise Number 3

Objective(s) Calculate the derivative of a given function; state the constant, constant
multiple, and power rules; apply the sum and difference rules to combine
derivatives; use the product rule and quotient rule for finding the derivative
of a product function and quotient function respectively; and extend the
power rule to functions with negative exponents.

Instruction Considering the different rules for differentiation, solve for the derivative of
the following function. Show the differentiation rule in your solution.

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 8 − 100

Solution:

2−3𝑥
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥
Solution:

2𝑥
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = +1
7
Solution:
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 − (𝑥 − 2)2
Solution:

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 𝑥 2
Solution:

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 3
Solution:

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 6
Solution:

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)(𝑥 + 4)2

Solution:

1
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 +
𝑥
Solution:

1
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) =
√2𝑥 3
Solution:

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 − 9
Solution:
C. ASSIGNMENT

Determine 𝑓 ′ (𝑎) using table of values. Solve for at least three points above and below the given
point.

Given: 𝒙 𝒇′ (𝒙)
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥(4𝑥 2 − 5)(𝑥 + 2)2
Solve for: 𝑓 ′ (1)
Solution:
Solve for 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) using the differentiation rules discussed. Show what differential rule is used in
your solution.

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 𝑥)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)2

Solution:

2𝑥 3 −4𝑥
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1
Solution:

1
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) =
√(𝑥+1)3
Solution:

𝑥 2 +2
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 ( )
𝑥 2 −2
Solution:

√𝑥 2 −4𝑥
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) =
3𝑥
Solution:
VI. POST-TEST

A. Solve for the derivative of the following functions. Show your solution on the space provided.

1.
Given: Solution:
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 8𝑥

2.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 2 − 1)

3.
Given: Solution:
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 6 − 5𝑥 2 +
2𝑥

4.
Given: Solution:
𝑥 3 +4
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2

5.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 √3𝑥 − 1
6.
Given: Solution:
𝑥 2 +4
𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 − ( )
2𝑥−3

7.
Given: Solution:
4
𝑓(𝑥) =
√𝑥 3 −7

8.
Given: Solution:
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + )
√2𝑥

9.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 − (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 + 2)

10.
Given: Solution:
6𝑥 3
𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−1)
VII. POST-TEST FEEDBACK

A. Solve for the derivative of the following functions. Show your solution on the space provided.

1.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = 2(2𝑥 2−1 ) − 8(1)(𝑥 1−1 )
= 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟖

2.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (3𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥) + (𝑥 2 − 1)(3)
= 6𝑥2 − 8𝑥 + 3𝑥2 − 3

= 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟑

3.
Given: Solution:
1 𝑥 −1
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 6 − 5𝑥 2 + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 6 − 5𝑥 2 +
2𝑥 2

𝑥−2
= 6(3𝑥5 ) − 2(5𝑥) −
2
𝟏
= 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟓 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 −
𝟐𝒙𝟐

4.
Given: Solution:
𝑥 2 −4 (𝑥−2)(2𝑥)−(𝑥 2 −4)(1)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥−2)2
𝑥−2

2𝑥2 −4𝑥−𝑥2 +4
=
𝑥 2 −4𝑥+4

𝑥2 −4𝑥+4
= =𝟏
𝑥 2 −4𝑥+4

5.
Given: Solution:
1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 √3𝑥 − 1 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 )(3𝑥 − 1)2 + (3𝑥 − 1)2 (2𝑥)
1 1
1 −
= (𝑥2 )(3𝑥 − 1) 2 (3) + 2𝑥(3𝑥 − 1)2
2

3𝑥2 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝒙

= + 2𝑥√3𝑥 − 1 =
2√3𝑥−1 𝟐√𝟑𝒙−𝟏
6.
Given: Solution:
𝑥 2 +4 (2𝑥−3)(2𝑥)−(𝑥 2 +4)(2)
𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 − ( ) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 18𝑥 − (2𝑥−3)2
2𝑥−3

4𝑥2 −6𝑥−2𝑥2 −8 2𝑥2 −6𝑥−8

= 18𝑥 − = 18𝑥 −
(2𝑥−3)2 (2𝑥−3)2

72𝑥3 −216𝑥2 +162𝑥−2𝑥2 +6𝑥+8 𝟕𝟐𝒙𝟑 −𝟐𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟐 +𝟏𝟔𝟖𝒙+𝟖

= =
4𝑥 2 −12𝑥+9 𝟒𝒙𝟐 −𝟏𝟐𝒙+𝟗

7.
Given: Solution:
1 3
4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4(𝑥 3 − 7)−2 = −2(𝑥 3 − 7)−2 (3𝑥 2 )
√𝑥 3 −7

𝟔𝒙𝟐
=−
√(𝒙𝟑 −𝟕)𝟑

8.
Given: Solution:
4 4 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 (1 − ) + (𝑥 + ) (2𝑥)
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥

𝑥4 −4𝑥2 2𝑥3 +8𝑥 𝑥4 −4𝑥2 +2𝑥4 +8𝑥2

= + =
𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥2

3𝑥4 +4𝑥2
= = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒
𝑥2

9.
Given: Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 − (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 + 2) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 8𝑥 − ((𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥) + (𝑥 2 + 2)(1))
= 8𝑥 − (2𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑥2 + 2)

= −3𝑥2 + 2𝑥 − 2

10.
Given: Solution:
6𝑥 3 (𝑥 2 +𝑥−2)(18𝑥 2 )−(6𝑥 3 )(2𝑥+1)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 +𝑥−2)2
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−1)

18𝑥4 +18𝑥3 −36𝑥2 −12𝑥4 −6𝑥3

=
(𝑥2 +𝑥−2)2

𝟔𝒙𝟒 +𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑 −𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐

=
(𝒙𝟐 +𝒙−𝟐)𝟐