INPLANT TRAINING – II

By
Name:
Reg. No.: 1011310
at
 PWD BADAUN UTTAR PRADESH

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SRM UNIVERSITY
 PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT- AN
OVERVIEW
 Public Works Department (PWD), under the Ministry of Public Works
department, is the pioneer in construction arena of Uttar Pradesh.

 It plays a pivotal role in the implementation of government construction

projects

 To accelerate the construction of bridges in the state, Uttar Pradesh State

Bridge Corporation was founded in 1973.

 In year 2004-05, Uttar Pradesh state highways authority was established

to overcome with problem of pavements in state.
PWD UTTAR PRADESH
 PROJECT BACKGROUND
• The road connects Bareily to Badaun by a 45km stretch
of road.
• The road passes through plain/cultivated land on either
side.
• There is no steep gradient/rise and fall/sharp curves.
All the curves are well defined and having smooth radius
of curvature.
• The sight distance is excellent on curves due to plain
area.
 ROAD SPECIFICATION

• (a) Formation width - 12.00m

• (b) Carriage way - 7.00m
• (c) Berm/Shoulder (either side) - 1.50 m
• (d) Gradient
• (i) Ruling - 1 in 30
• (ii) Limiting - 1in 20
• (iii) Exceptional - 1 in 15
 PWD CONSISTS OF FOLLOWING
DEPARTMENTS

• UP State Bridge Corporation: -

To accelerate the construction of bridges in the state in
1973, the corporation was established.
• State Highway Authority by the state government in
2004-05 for construction of state roads with private
collaboration the Authority has been set up.
• Uttar Pradesh Government Construction
Corporation: - Building activities and use of modern
technology to accelerate the construction of this
corporation was established in 1975.
 HIGHWAYS
 Development of a country depends on the connectivity of various
places with adequate road network.

 Roads constitute the most important mode of communication in

areas where railways have not developed much.

 India has one of the largest road networks in the world (over 3
million km at present).For the purpose of management and
administration, roads in India are divided into the following five
categories:

• National Highways (NH)

• State Highways (SH)
• Major District Roads (MDR)
• Other District Roads (ODR)
• Village Roads (VR)
 OTHER CLASSIFICATION
STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
CLASSIFICATION  WIDTH OF CARRIAGE WAYS OR
• Earth Roads NUMBER OF LANES
• Single lane roads -3.75m
• Gravel Roads
• Two lane roads
• Kankar Roads • Without raised kerbs -7.0m
• Moorum Roads • With raised kerbs-7.5m
• Water bound macadam roads • Multi lane roads
• Bituminous Roads
• Cement concrete roads CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
PAVEMENTS
• Paved roads –eg. Bituminous roads
• Unpaved roads – eg. Earth roads
 ADMINISTRATIVE CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS

Status of Road Network

In India

Position of India In
World Road
Network
 BASIC TERMS
• CARRIAGE WAY
• SHOULDERS
• CAMBER
• WIDTH OF ROADWAY
• RIGHT OF WAY RIGHT
• SIGHT DISTANCE
CROSS SECTION OF A ROAD WAY
 CAMBER
A slight downward curve from the middle to the sides
of a surface (such as a road)
• PERCENTAGE OF CAMBER- 2%
• PURPOSE OF CAMBER
 KERB
A line of stone or concrete forming an edge between a 
pavement and a roadway, so that the pavement is some 15 cm 
above the level of the road.
 SHOULDER
It is the side of the road. Sometimes it is paved. Sometimes it is 
gravel. Sometimes it is dirt or grass.
 TYPES OF PAVEMENTS
There are various types of pavements depending upon the materials used; a
briefs description of all types is given here-

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Bitumen has been widely used in the construction of flexible pavements for a
long time. This is the most convenient and simple type of construction. The
cost of construction of single lane bituminous pavement varies from 20 to 30
lakhs per km in plain area.
Flexible pavement have-

 Have low flexural strength

 Load is transferred by grain to grain contact
 Have low completion cost but repairing cost is high
 Have low life span (High Maintenance Cost)
Typical layers of a flexible pavement
 Typical layers of a flexible pavement
• Prime Coat
Prime coat is an application of low viscous cutback bitumen 
to  an  absorbent  surface  like  granular  bases  on  which  binder 
layer  is  placed.  It  provides  bonding  between  two  layers. 
Unlike  tack  coat,  prime  coat  penetrates  into  the  layer  below, 
plugs the voids, and forms a water tight surface.
• Surface course
Surface  course  is  the  layer    directly  in  contact  with  traffic 
loads  and  generally  contains  superior  quality  materials.  They 
are  usually  constructed  with  dense  graded  asphalt 
concrete(AC).
Typical layers of a flexible pavement
• It provides characteristics such as friction,
smoothness, drainage, etc. Also it will prevent the
entrance of excessive quantities of surface water into
the underlying base, sub-base and sub-grade, It must
be tough to resist the distortion under traffic and
provide a smooth and skid- resistant riding surface, It
must be water proof to protect the entire base and
sub-grade from the weakening effect of water.
• Binder course
This layer provides the bulk of the asphalt concrete
structure. It's chief purpose is to distribute load to the
base course The binder course generally consists of
aggregates having less asphalt and doesn't require
quality as high as the surface course, so replacing a
part of the surface course by the binder course results
Typical layers of a flexible pavement
• Base course
The base course is the layer of material immediately beneath the surface of 
binder course and it provides additional load distribution and contributes to 
the  sub-surface  drainage  It  may  be  composed  of  crushed  stone,  crushed 
slag, and other untreated or stabilized materials.
• Sub-Base course
The  sub-base  course  is  the  layer  of  material  beneath  the  base  course  and 
the primary functions are to provide structural support, improve drainage, 
and  reduce  the  intrusion  of  fines  from  the  sub-grade  in  the  pavement 
structure If the base course is open graded, then the sub-base course with 
more fines can  serve as  a  filler  between sub-grade  and the  base course A 
sub-base  course  is  not  always  needed  or  used.  For  example,  a  pavement 
constructed over a high quality, stiff sub-grade may not need the additional 
features  offered by a  sub-base course.  In such  situations,  sub-base  course 
may not be provided.
Typical layers of a flexible pavement
• Sub-grade
The top soil or sub-grade is a layer of natural 
soil  prepared  to  receive  the  stresses  from  the 
layers above. It is essential that at no time soil 
sub-grade  is  overstressed.  It  should  be   
compacted  to  the  desirable  density,  near  the 
optimum moisture content.
 Rigid pavements
• Rigid pavements have sufficient flexural
strength to transmit the wheel load
stresses to a wider area below.
• Compared to flexible pavement, rigid
pavements are placed either directly on
the prepared sub-grade or on a single
layer of granular or stabilized material.
Since there is only one layer of material
between the concrete and the sub-grade,
this layer can be called as base or sub-
base course.
 SUBGRADE LAYER
SPREADING & LEVELING
 COMPATION OF SUBGRADE
I LAYER :200mm II ,III LAYER :150mm
Sub Base Layer
FINISHING OF SURFACE(ROLLING)
 BITUMINUS LAYER
• MATERIAL
• MIXING
• SPREADING
 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

• BULLDOZER
 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

• COMPACTOR
 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

• ROAD ROLLER
 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

• SHOVEL
THANK YOU