NETWORKING AND TELECOMMUNICATION

SYSTEM
ASM551/OSM554

DESIGNING A NETWORK & TELECOMMUNICATION

SYSTEM OF AN ORGANIZATION

PREPARED BY :

Name Student ID Group

NBS7A

PREPARED FOR : DR. NAFFISAH BINTI MOHD HASSAN

Types of innovation: Process Innovation
Process innovation can be defined as the implementation of a new or significantly
improved production or delivery method. Minor changes or improvements, an increase in
production or service capabilities through the addition of manufacturing or logistical
systems which are very similar to those already in use, ceasing to use a process, simple
capital replacement or extension, changes resulting purely from changes in factor prices,
customisation, regular seasonal and other cyclical changes, trading of new or
significantly improved products are not considered innovations."
Abraz Arkitek start their business by using traditional method in their process,
due to increasing numbers of customer, as well as work burden, they have decided to
adopt and innovate their current system to automated system, to simplify their work
process, as well as increase their organization productivitiy.
1.1 Company Profile
Abraz Arkitek is the operating entity of a construction organization that was
formed in 2005, and has operated continuously from that date as Yusof Dagang. The
initial mission of this company was, and continues to be, to offer management,
engineering and construction services to both private residential, commercial or industrial
building and public works construction segments of the industry. The Yusof Dagang
Management and staff represent many years of qualified experience in the building
construction industry with an impressive list of successfully completed projects. These
jobs range from concrete, frame and pre-engineered steel buildings to construction and
maintenance or remodeling for residential, commercial, and industrial development
projects and the fabrication and installation of miscellaneous steel components, water
treatment plants, water-proofing works, epoxy floor system, clean-room partitioning
other specialization works.
Abraz Arkitek was organized by both Encik Yusof bin Dagang and Encik Shahril
Akmal. A capable and skilled builder,he is the principal and/or manager in this
organization since its inception whereas, he, the qualified and professionally competent
Interior Designer  is the technical manager. Originally, the company was only involved in
general home remodeling and repairs, but has since diversified its business base to cater
to practically all segments of civil, architectural and building engineering.
 Currently, Abraz Arkitek offers its clients a multi-faceted operation including
work as a traditional general contractor, a Interior Design consultant, a competent and
reliable contractor employing the design-build concept with numerous financing and
funding options, and as a supplier of building construction components. Abraz
Arkitek operates primarily in the private sector, commercial or industrial building
construction arena. However, they maintain close ties with the public works sector of the
industry. Vendor or subcontractor relationships are in place to bid and construct viable
construction projects.
Abraz Arkitek is a diversified contractor who is capable of sole venture
participation in projects within the range of RM100, 000, 00. The management and staff
have successfully demonstrated their ability to handle projects of this volume which
would be accomplished through various forms of partnership or through joint venture
arrangements with other knowledgeable and experienced groups or construction firms.
In addition to their engineering and construction expertise, they employ state-of-
the-art computerized estimating; full AutoCAD capability, scheduling and cost-control
techniques which minimize costly delays and unnecessary expenditures, keeping the
project "on track" and "on budget".

1.2 Vision and Mission

1.2.1 Objectives
Nurturing the powerful entrepreneurial spirit instilled by the founder; constantly
seeking out new markets to explore and invest; and continually innovating and
developing solutions to satisfy customers' needs and rising expectations.
 1.2.2 Vision
o We will work hard to deliver new standards in customer care.

o We will be the single point of contact and be a source of information while

facilitating case resolutions.

o We will establish ourselves as the first choice of contact, delighting

customers through excellent customer service.

1.2.3 Mission
Striving to achieve excellence in everything we do.
2.0 Problem Statement
Abraz Arkitek does not have any network connection. With time of the fast
current, and also to link the department with another department more quickly, they need
an efficient network system. The problem that occurred in their company was related to
the network system in which the employee is difficult to open the files in the system at
the same time. For example, a clerk in the administration of client files being opened and
this is a problem for them to get information more quickly and may cause customers to
choose other company that are more advanced than their company.
In addition, the relationship between one department to another is still using the
old system makes the process run slower as the reaction unit to issue an invoice or
account customers to check store unit. Other examples are such as safety and security
units who want to print the form and fax or send the unit was forced to go to the admin, if
the existence of this new network systems, security and safety unit must only use the
links to print or send a fax to more quickly

3.0 Objective of the Project

Selecting a suitable system to use its network to increase company’s productivity and
accelerate the process of communication between all departments.
4.0 Scope of the Project
All department are using and sharing same network system

5.0 Discussion
5.1 Hardware and Software Technology

Abraz Arkitek uses several network components such as:

a) Server
b) Cable
c) Switch
d) Personal Computer (PCs)
e) Network Card

Server is a technology solution that “serves” files, data, print, fax resources, and
more to multiple computers. The word “server” often refers to the specialized computer
(or hardware) that the server software runs on. The server is optimized to perform
services for other computers or “clients.” Clients can be computers as well as printers,
faxes, or other devices that connect to the server.
Together, a server and its clients compose a client/server network. A client/server
network provides routing systems and centralized access to information and resources,
stored data and more. With a server, we can share files and resources, such as fax
machines and printers, in a more secure manner. For example, with a server network,
employees can access the Internet or company e-mail at the same time.
Our company has three server and one core server. The core server is connecting
to WAN. The other three servers are administration server, technical server and store
server. Each of these servers has to perform each particular task.

Functions of the Server

SERVER FUNCTIONS
Accounting  Is a sub server for Department 1
(Administration is a Department 1)  The server will store company data,
worker profile, salary data, receive
report from Department 2
 Present all administration tasks
Technical  Is a sub server for Department 2
(Technical is a Department 2)  The server will store worker profile
(worker that involves at Technical
Department only)
 Prepare a construction landscape by
using AutoCAD and has an
AutoCAD licenses.
Store  Is a sub server for Department 3
(Store is a Department 3)  For the production and facilities
which is include inventory,
machineries and equipment data.
 The stock data will be store in this
server for the department usage.
Security and Safety  Is a sub server for Department 4
(Security and Safety is a Department 4)  For the production and facilities
which is include safety tools,
policies and procedures.
 The stock data will be store in this
server for the department usage.

Cable act as a transmitter between core server and other server. The company’s
network configuration is use 10BASE-T also known as twisted-pair Ethernet, a physical
star topology LAN using unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable. It supports a data rate of
10Mbps and has a maximum length of 100 meters. 10BASE-T Ethernet places all of its
networking operation in an intelligent switch with a port for each server.
Switches were developed to improve network performance even more. Switches
are very similar to bridges as they also maintain a table with MAC addresses per port to
make forwarding decisions, operate at the Data Link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model,
and is the protocol transparent. Switches have more ports than bridges. Switches are
meant to replace hubs and improve network performance by creating a separate collision
domain per port. Switches offer more variance in speed; an individual port can be
assigned 10 Mb/s, 100 Mb/s, 1 gb/s or even more. Switches can control broadcast
domains when Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) are configured. Most modern
switches support VLANs, which are logical groups of network devices in which the
members can be located on different physical segments.
Switch have several ports will support the transmission of data for example if one
port is does not function; the other port will not be affected and still can operate as usual.
Wireless router had been include in one port of the switch.
Today, computers are found throughout the organization on almost anyone’s desk.
Microcomputers (PCs) have invaded the office environment for several reasons. Some
users find “hands on” computing power preferable to reliance on data-processing
professionals.
In their company, we used DELL PC. Below are the specifications of the DELL
PC.
Base Unit OptiPlex GX2600D, 2.40GHz, P4,
533FSB, 512K Cache, Gray Small Desktop
Base (220-9751)
Price: RM 849
Memory 512MB, Non-ECC, 266MHz DDR, 1x512,
GX260 (311-1714)
Price: RM 80

Keyboard Dell PS/2 Keyboard in Gray, No Hot Keys,

OptiPlex (310-1515)
 Price: RM 20

Monitor Dell UltraSharp 1504FP, Flat Panel, 15.0

inch Viewable ImageSize, OptiPlex, Gray
(320-0423)
Price: RM 550

Video Card 32MB, ATI, Radeon VE, VGA/DVI, 1 or 2

Monitor Graphics Card, GX260 small from
factor or Desktop (320-0435)
Price: RM 30
Hard Drive 20GB EIDE, 7200 RPM, Value ATA/100
Hard Drive, GX260 (340-6075)
Price: RM 70

Floppy Disk Drive Zip 250, Replaces the floppy, GX260

Desktop (340-6075)
Price: RM 25

Operating System Microsoft Window 2007 Profesional

Starter
System
Rating: 2.3 windows experience index
Processor: Intel(R) Atom (TM) CPU N450
@ 1.67GHz
Installed memory (RAM): 2.00gb
System type: 32-bit Operating System
Pen and touch: No Pen or Touch Input is
available for this display.
Price: RM 150
Mouse Dell PS/2 2-button mouse, OptiPlex, Gray
(310-1301)
Price: RM 20

NIC Integrated Intel Gigabit NIC, 10/100/1000,

with Alert Standards Format,
GX260/GX270 (430-0353)
Price: RM 30
CR-ROM or DVD-ROM Drive 48X CR-ROM, EIDE, Small Desktop or
Minitower, GX260 (313-1159)
Price: RM 150

Sound Card Integrated Sound Blaster Compatible AC97

Sound, Optiplex (313-8170)
Price: RM 50

Speakers Internal Chassis Speaker Option, OptiPlex

(313-1495)
Price: RM 1300

Documentation Diskette OptiPlex Resource CD (313-7168)

Price: 1 Euro

Printer HP Photosmart Premium Fax C309a

300 Euro
Factory Installed Software No Chassis Stand (310-7700)
Price: RM 150
Service  Type 1 Contract – Same Day 4-hour
5x10 Parts and Labor On-Site
Response, Initial Year (900-6100)
 Type 1 Contract – Same Day 4-hour
5x10 Parts and Labor On-Site
Response, 2 year (900-6102)
Installation Standard On-Site Installation Declined
(900-9987)
Price: RM 200
Misc Mouse Pad (310-3559)
Price: RM 100

Software
1)Microsoft Window 2007  Protect your PCs and
your data
 Never lose your work
 Work virtually
anywhere.
  Have the most current
information at your
fingertips.
 Manage technology
yourself.
 Find information faster
and respond more
quickly to your
customers.
 Organize information
more flexibly.
 Share information easily.
2) Adobe Reader With Adobe software, can
extend business processes
beyond the enterprise to include
partners, customers, and
suppliers.
Improve collaboration. Internal
and external parties can view,
comment on, complete, and
return documents and forms
electronically — without
requiring additional costly
software.
Reduce costs. Eliminating
paper-based processes cuts the
time and expense your
organization spends printing,
distributing, processing, and
archiving paper-based
documents.
 Eliminate costly errors.
Completing forms electronically
means there is no need for your
employees to re-enter data
manually, thus reducing errors
and processing costs.
Achieve secure data capture
and delivery. Respondents can
sign, certify, and authenticate
their documents before returning
them, thus increasing their
confidence and satisfaction
while preserving sensitive
information.
Improve return on IT
investments. Adobe PDF can be
embedded with content and data
from key applications and
enhanced with calculations and
validations to create powerful
Intelligent Documents and
forms.

 Windows Media Player

(abbreviated WMP) is a
3) Windows Media Player proprietary digital media
player and media library
application developed by
 Microsoft that is used for
playing audio.
 Video and viewing
images on personal
computers running the
Microsoft Windows
operating system, as well
as on Pocket PC and
Windows Mobile-based
devices. Editions of
Windows Media Player
were also released for
Mac OS, Mac OS X and
Solaris but development
of these has since been
discontinued.
 In addition to being a
media player, Windows
Media Player includes
the ability to rip music
from and copy music to
compact discs, burn
recordable discs in Audio
CD format or as data

4) Microsoft Office 2007 a) Microsoft access 2007

Get better results faster with
the Office Fluent user
interface.
Office Access 2007 provides a
completely new experience with
the Office Fluent user interface,
new navigation pane, and tabbed
window views.
Create tables quickly without
worrying about database
complexity.
With automatic data type
detection, table creation in
Office Access 2007 is as easy as
working with a Microsoft Office
Excel table.
Share your information with
Microsoft Windows
SharePoint Services.
Share Access information with
the rest of team using Windows
SharePoint Services and Office
Access 2007.

b) Microsoft Excel 2007

Familiarity
1. Most people have used
another Microsoft
product, whether it's
Word or PowerPoint.
Microsoft Excel uses the
standard interface you're
already familiar with.
Size
2. Microsoft Excel can
store extremely large
 amounts of data--up to 1
million rows by 16,000
columns.
Charts
3. Excel creates
professional-looking
charts and graphs with 3-
D effects, shadowing and
even transparency.
PivotTables
4. Pivtot Tables help find
answers to questions
quickly, easily and
responsively. Can drag
and drop fields to make
change the table's view.
Conditional Formatting
5. With conditional
formatting, can change
the way a "cell" (the
intersection of a column
and a row) looks based
on the information
contained.
c) Microsoft Project 2007
1. Familiar and intuitive.
The Ribbon makes finding and
using favorite tools simpler with
new graphical menus and a
familiar experience to help you
easily create and manage
projects.
2. Save time and effort.
Save time and effort with
familiar and essential functions
like text wrapping, filtering,
auto-complete, scroll and zoom,
and more. Insert new columns
on the fly—data types are
readily identified so that you can
quickly and effectively organize
and analyze details. Quickly
share schedule details through
enhanced copy-and-paste, and
retain key formatting between
Project 2010 and other
Microsoft Office applications.
3. Flexible and powerful.
User-controlled scheduling puts
in control and brings together
the flexibility and ease of use of
a tool like Microsoft Excel 2007.
4. Easier to see and share.
With a completely new and
visually enhanced timeline view,
a clearer view of tasks,
milestones, and phases. Newly
expanded color palettes and text
effects help make every timeline
and plan look their best—and
help to swiftly see and share
important dates and deliverables.
d) Microsoft word 2007
Microsoft Office 2007
(officially called 2007
Microsoft Office System) is a
Windows version of the
Microsoft Office System,
Microsoft's productivity suite.
 5.2 LAN Models
From a user’s point of view, a LAN can be configured either as a client-server LAN or a
peer-to-peer LAN. In a peer-to-peer model, a
Peer to peer model ----- client server (one general server)

In a client-server model, one or more stations called servers gives services to other
stations called clients. The server version of the network operating system is installed on the
server or servers; the client version of the network operating system is installed on clients. A
LAN may have several dedicated servers or one general server. Our company had chosen
dedicated server as our network model which is each dedicated to a particular task.
5.3 Physical and Logical Topology of the Network

A network of our company has a admin server, a technical server and store server.
Admin server responsibilities are to store company data, worker profile, and salary data and
receive report from Department 2. Besides that, present all administration tasks. In addition,
a technical server allows the clients to access shared data regarding worker profile (worker
that involves at Technical Department only) and also to prepare a construction landscape.
Furthermore, a store server responsible to store the stock data as well as the production and
facilities like inventory, machineries and equipment data. The above model, the admin server
station runs a worker profile server program, a technical server stations runs a construction
landscape server program and a store server stations runs a stock data server program. The
previous page, we show one client using the construction landscape client program to retrieve
data from the construction landscape server program.
In a logical star topology, a frame sent by a station (technical server) is received only
by the destination station (store server); no other station is involved in the communication.
The only physical topology that can support this logical flow of data is the star topology
using a switch as the central node. The switch is able to check the physical (data link layer)
address of the frame and route the frame to its true destination.
5.4 Network Design (network types)
5.5 IP Address of the Network

Two-Level address Hierarchy.

When using two-level of address hierarchy, the common part is referred to as the netID or
prefix and the variable part is referred to as the hostID, or suffix. Range: 120.13.12.1 to???

5.6 Network Security and Management

Firewall
Antivirus

6.0 Limitation of the Project

 increased cost: due to the technical complexity of the server
 A weak link: the server is the only weak ling in the client/server network, given that
the entire network is built around it! Fortunately, the server is highly fault tolerant.
We are using fibre optic and there are a tendency can be destroy by animal such as rat.
RF Interference
Fiber optic cables are not susceptible to RF (radio frequency) interference, which can be a
major problem for users of typical coaxial cabling.
Costs
Fiber optic cabling can cost more than double what a typical broadband connection costs.

Fiber optic connections are not available in many areas. Currently, this is one of their biggest
disadvantages.
7.0 Recommendation

 Use authentication and data encryption

Protection for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks consists of encryption and authentication.
Encryption scrambles the data in wireless frames before they are sent on the wireless
network, preventing eavesdroppers from interpreting the contents of wireless data frames.
Authentication requires wireless clients to provide security credentials before they are
allowed to join the wireless network, preventing unauthorized and possibly malicious
users from using the wireless network. A wireless network that does not use
authentication and data encryption is vulnerable to malicious users that can attack the
computers on your wireless network or use your Internet connection for malicious or
illegal activities.

 Use broadcast wireless networks

For these reasons, it is strongly recommends that rather than trying to hide your wireless
network, you should advertise its presence but protect your wireless network with the
strongest possible authentication and encryption option as described in the "Use
Authentication and Data Encryption" section of this article.

 Change the wireless access point’s default wireless network name

Wireless APs are preconfigured with a wireless network name, also known as a Service
Set Identifier (SSID). Microsoft strongly recommends that you change the default
wireless network name to a unique name for your small office or home office location. In
other words, the name of your wireless network should not be duplicated by other
wireless networks that are visible from your small office or home office. If you do not
change the default wireless network name and there is another wireless network near your
location with the same default name, then it is possible for your wireless clients to
connect to the neighbouring wireless network, causing wireless connectivity confusion.