ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Analysis (I and II); Physics I and II); Geometry.

In particular, the student is asked to have good knowledge of the following fields:

Physics:

•electrostatics,

•currents,

•magnetics, and

•electromagnetics.

Mathematics:

•Analytic geometry: analytic expression of basic functions and their graphic representation (lines, ellipses,
parabola, logarithm, exponentials, etc.).

•The properties of powers and logarithms,

•Trigonometry,

•Complex numbers and vector calculations,

•Methods for solving linear algebraic systems of linearally independent n equations, with unknown n’s (
Cramer method, addition and subtraction systems, substitution and reduction systems)

•Limits, derivatives, integrals.

•Solving of first- and second-order differential equations aimed at the study of dynamic systems.

-Comprehension skills and knowledge: Study of permanent electric circuits, for the purpose of circuits
design calculations.

-Comprehension skills and apllied knowledge: ability to solve circuits problems, based on pertinent models.

-Independent judgment: ability to correctly interpret results obtained, with verifications by means of
applications during practice exercises.

-Communication skills: ability to communicate pertinent concepts in both oral and written form. Ability to
discuss problems and solutions.

- Learning skills: capacity for ongoing learning through the correct comprehension of technical and scientific
bibliographical sources, as well as the pertinent standards.

The principal themes of electrical engineering. Theory of fields and circuits theory. Circuits approach.
General properties of circuits and components. Analysis of stationary circuits. Analysis of sinusoidal
permanent circuits. Three phase systems. Electromagnetism. Equivalent transformer circuit. Introduction to
the study of rotating electric machines. Equivalent circuits encountered in asynchronous machines.
Characteristics of electrical systems, and electrical safety.

The course will be articulated, as follows:

The principal themes of electrical engineering. Theory of fields and circuits theory. Circuits approach.
General properties of circuits and components. Analysis of stationary circuits. Analysis of sinusoidal
permanent circuits. Three phase systems. Electromagnetism. Equivalent transformer circuit. Introduction to
the study of rotating electric machines. Equivalent circuits encountered in asynchronous machines.
Characteristics of electrical systems, and electrical safety.

(Maximum of 500 characters (6 lines, with 12-point font)

Introduction to Electrical Engineering course:

Principal electrical engineering themes. Fields theory. Circuits theory. Circuits approach. General properties
of circuits and components.

Electric current, electrical field, electrical tension:

Electric charge and current intensity. Electrical field, tension, and force. Electrical current encountered in
matter.

Analysis of stationary mode circuits:

Stationary linear networks. Distributed and concentrated parametric elements and components. Circuits
approach to the study of electric networks. Constitutive relationships between basic electric components.
Properties of electric components: invariance in time, linearity, causality. Electric N-poles. Characteristics of
electric bi-poles and bi-ports. Passive, active, linear, and non-linear bipoles. Jooule’s law: conversion of
electric energy into thermal energy. Resistive bipole: electric resistance and temperature coefficients.
Ohm’s law generalized. Constitutive relationships and stationary resistor, condenser, and inductor circuit
model. Charge and discharge of RC circuit condenser. Charge and discharge of an RL circuit inductor.
Tension and current ideal and real generators. Ideal short circuit and open circuit. Duality. Physical
confusion: current-based and tension-based bipoles. Utilizer and generator signal conventions. Methods for
studying electrical networks: graph, node, mesh current, switch, tree, co-tree. Networks typology. Kirchhoff
principles. Equivalent resistance, several resistors, parallel or in a series. Tension and current divider.
Triangule-star transformation. Generators linked in a series, or in a parallel manner. Power preservation
principle. Condition of maxiumum power transfer. Energy balance and output for a single mesh current
network. Effects superpositon principle, Principle of tension equivalent generator: Thévenin theorem.
Principle of current equivalent generator: Norton theorem. Millmann’s equivalent generator. Node
potential and mesh current method. Double active and passive bipoles. Bi-port. Descriptive matrixes of
double passive bipole: R matrix, G matrix, T matrix. Power absorbed from a double bipole. Thévenin general
quadrupole theorem on. Equipment connection procedures for direct and indirect stationary readings.
Insertion method for stationary mode equipment to be used for direct and indirect readings: ampere-
meter, voltmeter, wattmeters, ohmetero, multimeter, frequency meter.

Permanent sinusoidal circuits analysis

Periodic, alternate, and sinusoidal states. Rappresentations of sinusoidal values: representation as a

function of time, complex representation, phasorial representation. Sinusoidal network components and
their constitutive equations: resistor, condenser, inductor, equivalent impedance and admittance,
sinusodal tension and current generators. Sinusoidal power: instantaneous, active, reactive, apparent, and
complex power, and power factor. Tellegen and Boucherot theorems. Maximum sinusoidal power transfer
conditions. Network theorems. Kirchhoff princples: series impedance and parallel admittance.
Overlappin/superimpostion of effects principle. Equivalent generator principle.Tellegen and Boucherot
theorems. Node potential and mesh current method. Rephasing of single phase charges. Resolution of
linear networks that are fed by generators with different frequencies. Series resonance and parallel
resonance. Double active and passive bipoles. Bi-ports: Thevenin’s general theorem. Z matrix, Y matrix, T
matrix. Power absorbed from a double bipole. Insertion method for sinusoidal single-phase mode
instruments for direct and indirect readings: ampere-meter, voltmeter, frequency meter, wattmeters,
ohmeter, multimeter.

Three-phase systems:

Three-phase systems structure; Definitions: generator star and triangle connections, utilizer and triangle
connections: star-triangle transformation formulas and inverse triangle-star tranformation formulas.
Equivalent single-phase networks; power in three-phase symmetrical and balanced systems. Unbalanced
symmetrical systems. Insertion of instruments for three-phase measurements. Rephasing of three-phase
charges.

Electromagnetism:

Electromagnetic induction. Autoinduction coefficient. Two-pole inductor. Mutual induction coefficient and
coupling coefficient. Mutual double bipole inductor. Energy stored in an inductor. Density of magnetic
energy in any medium. Mutually coupled circuits: energy in circuits that are mutually coupled. Magnetic
properties of matter: diagmagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism. Magnetization energy and
hysteresis cycle; energy losses through hysteresis. Magnetic circuits. Analogy between magnetic and
electric circuits (Hopkinson Laws). Electromagnets. Electrodynamic force. Static and dynamic electric
machine functioning principle. Parasitic currents in sinusoidal mode mass conductors. Skin effect.

Transformers and equivalent circuit:

Building procedures for single-phase transformers. Models for single-phase sinusoidal transformers. Ideal
and real transformers and their equivalent circuits. Real transformers. Simplified equivalent networks of
real transformers. Single-phase transformer inspection tests and plate data. Functioning under charge.

Introduction to the study of rotating electric machines:

Rotating magnetic field. General comments on electric machines. Aspects related to their structure: stator,
rotor, ventilation. Electromagnetic characteristics: inductor and induction, permanent magnet inductor.
Brief descriptions of continuous current and synchronous machines.

Asynchronous machines and equivalent circuits:

Building procedures for asynchronous machines: stator and rotor. Operating principle. Functioning of
blocked rotor and moving rotor. Energy balance and asychronous motor couples. Mechanical
characteristics. Rheostat starting. Asynchronous motor with squirrel cage and double-cage rotor. Single-
phase asynchronous motor. Determination of single-phase and three-phase equivalent circuit through the
machine’s plate data.

Characteistics of Electrical systems and Electric Safety:

Electrical networks: Generation, transmisssion, and utilization. Electrical networks. Calculation of drop in
tension along an alternate current line. Parameters of industrial frequency single-phase alternate current.
Dimensioning criteria for short low- and medium tension electrical lines: thermal criterion, maxiumum drop
in tension criterion, and optimal technical and economic criterion. Dimensioning of a low tension
continuous current overhead transmission line. Dimensioning of a low tension, alternate current
transmission line. Dangers assoicated with electrical energy: effects of electrical currents on te human
body. Protection and maneuvering equipment: definitions, characteristic values and principal constructive
typologies encountered with low tension protections, functionality of and building principles associated
with breakers. Isolators, fuses, contactors, coordination between maxiumum current low tension
protections. Grounding systems: the system’s main characteristics. Calculation of ground plate resistance.
Low tension distribution systems. Overview of special electrical systems: hospitals and construction sites.
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Face-to-face classes and practice exericises, with tutor support.

Written exam/oral exam/ongoing assessments.

G. Fabbricatore “Elettrotecnica e Applicazioni”Liguori, Napoli;

G.Rizzoni “Elettrotecnica , Principi e Applicazioni” McGraw-Hill;

G. Conte “Macchine Elettriche. Apetti costruttivi, funzionamento, caratteristiche” HOEPLI

G. Martinelli M. Salerno “ Fondamenti di Elettrotecnica” Ed. Scientifiche SIDEREA