Logic Gates

• Logic gates take binary inputs and produce a binary output.

• The values it deals with are 0 and 1 or on and off.
• The binary states are the electrical voltage states, i.e. 0 represents an ON state and 1 represents
an OFF state.
• Multiple logic gates are used to create a logic circuit.
• Logic gates are a crucial element of a logic circuit.
• Different logic gates have different characteristics.
• Truth Tables are used to verify the outputs of the logic gates.

Six (6) Types of Logic Gates:

• This figure illustrates the symbols of different logic gates.

1. NOT Gate:

• NOT Gate is the most simple logic gate. 

• It takes a single input and inverts the value.
• If an input is 0, NOT will make it a 1 and vice versa.
• It is represented by 

Logic Notation: X = NOT A

 Boolean Algebra X = 

Truth Table:

2. AND Gate:

• AND Gate produces ‘1’ as an output only and only if all inputs are ‘1’.
• If anyone input is '0' then the result will be '0'.
• It is represented by A.B.

Logic Notation: X = A AND B

Boolean Algebra X = A.B

Truth Table:

3. OR Gate:

• OR Gate produces ‘1’ in output if a single input is 1.

• It produces a ‘0’ in output only if both inputs are ‘0’.
• It is represented by a ‘+” sign.

Logic Notation: X = A OR B
 Boolean Algebra X = A + B

Truth Table:

4. NAND Gate:

• It is also known as the NOT AND Gate.

• It is the reverse of AND Gate.
• It gives ‘1’ in output if and only if A and B both are NOT ‘1’.
 Logic Notation: X = A NAND B

Boolean Algebra X = 

Truth Table:

5. NOR Gate:

• It is also known as NOT OR Gate.

• It is the reverse of OR Gate.
• It produces ‘1’ in output if NOT a single input is 1.

Logic Notation: X = A NOR B

Boolean Algebra X =

Truth Table:

6. XOR Gate:
• It is also known as Exclusive OR Gate.
• It produces ‘1’ in output if, (A is ‘1’ AND B is ‘0’) OR (A is ‘0’ AND B is ‘1’).
Logic Notation: X = A XOR B

Boolean Algebra X = 

OR it can also be written as,

Truth Table:
Logic Circuits:

• Logic circuits are created by connecting logic gates together.

• These circuits are created to perform a particular function.
• A logic circuit truth table is required to understand its function’s nature.
How to Create a Logic Circuit Truth Table:

• It is considerably complicated to create a logic circuit truth table.

• But if you follow the steps defined below, it will become easy for you to make it yourself.
• Don’t overdo yourself by trying to do everything in your head.

Steps:

1. First, add temporary output letters after each logic gate in a circuit as shown below:

2. Now find out the values of these new letters first i.e. K,L & M.
3. As you can see from the figure, that K is NOT A. 
4. L is the output of A OR B 
5. M is the output of K AND L.
6. And the final output will be M AND L.
7. This can also be written in the equation as X = 
8. Therefore, it is advisable to solve in the same sequence and you will get your truth table easily.

Note: Just as you can make a boolean equation by seeing the logic circuit you can also create a
logic circuit from the equation.

Practice Exercise: Create a logic circuit and truth table for the following: