DIGITAL SYSTEM AND LOGIC

CHAPTER 1

Edited on Mac 2020

Lesson Outcome
• Boolean Algebra
o Integrated Circuits
o Boolean Opera6ons
• Logic Gates
• Truth Tables
• Combina6onal Logic Circuits
 Integrated Circuits (ICs)
• The building blocks of computers
• “An IC is a small chip that can func6on as an amplifier,
oscillator, 6mer, microprocessor, or even computer
memory. Usually made of silicon and can hold anywhere
from hundreds to millions of transistors, resistors, and
capacitors.”
• Designed for specialized func6ons
• Examples: the CPU, bus interface, memory management
unit
• Transistors à commonly used in digital circuits as electronic
switches which can be either in an "on" or "off" state.
Boolean Algebra
o The digital computer is based on Boolean algebra
• Describes rules that govern constants &
variables that can take on two values (Boolean
logic)
• Can be represented in many ways:
o true or false, on or off, yes or no, 1 or 0, light
or dark…
o Transistors: means for implementing Boolean algebra
• Switches: on/off to represent the 0’s and 1’s of
binary digital circuits
• Combined to form logic gates
o Boolean logic rules can be described as formulas, or by a truth table
• Specifies the result for all possible combinations of inputs
AND Gate 22 = 4
Truth table: 2 input

Consists of two inputs and an output.

A B Y
The output is 1 only if both A and B are 1 1 1
also 1 1 0 0
Boolean symbol is a center dot 0 1 0
0 0 0
Eg: Y = A B
OR Gate 22 = 4
Two-input and single-output gate Truth
table: 2 input
The output is 1 when at least one or
A B Y
both are 1
1 1 1
Output is 0 only when both inputs 1 0 1
are 0. 0 1 1
Boolean symbol is a plus sign ( + ) 0 0 0

Eg: Y = A+B
NOT Gate 21 = 2
Simpler gate Truth
table: 1 input
It has only one input and one
output A Q
The output is always the 1 0
opposite (or negation) of the
input 0 1

Boolean symbol is a bar over the

symbol
Eg: Q = Ā
XOR Gate 22 = 4
Used less frequently than the Truth
others table: 2 input
A B Y
Output is 1 if either A or B is 1,
but not both. 1 1 0
1 0 1
Boolean symbol is a plus sign 0 1 1
with a circle
0 0 0
Eg: Y = A B
Truth Table (3 input)
A B C Y 23 = 8
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
Combinational Logic Circuit
Combinational Logic Circuits are made up from
basic logic gates that are “combined” or connected
together to produce more complicated switching
circuits.
Lets Try!
Ques6on 1

Build a truth table for the following equation:

X = (A+B).(A.C)
Solution
X = (A+B).(A.C)
Ques6on 1: Answer

A B C (A+B) (A.C) (A+B).(A.C)

1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Lets Try!
Ques6on 2

Draw the logic circuit for the equation:

X = (A+B).(A.C)
Lets Try!
Ques6on 3

Build a truth table for the following equation:

X = (AB)+(A+C)
Lets Try!
Ques6on 4

Draw the logic circuit for the equation:

X = (AB)+(A+C)