Professional Documents
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Unit-1 ............................................................................................................................... 2
Introduction and Evolution of Computer ................................................... 2
1.1 Concept and characteristics of computer ................................... 2
Unit-2 ............................................................................................................................... 3
Classification of Computer ................................................................................ 3
Unit-3 ............................................................................................................................... 4
Number System and Their Conversion ....................................................... 4
Unit-4 ............................................................................................................................... 5
Logic Function and Boolean Algebra............................................................ 5
Logic gate ............................................................................................................. 5
Unit-1
Introduction and Evolution of Computer
Boolean Expression
O=A.B
OR GATE
It is an electronic circuit used to perform logical addition and for that it uses plus
operator (+).
Graphical Symbol
Truth table
Input output
A A B O=A+B
0 0 0
O 0 1 1
B 1 0 1
1 1 1
Truth table
A Input output
A B O=(A+B)
O 0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
B 1 1 0
Boolean Expression:O=A’.B+A.B’
X-NOR Gate
It is an electronic circuit used to perform logical complement of Exclusive-OR
operation.
Truth table
Input output
A A B O=(A B)’
0 0 1
O 0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
B
Boolean Expression:O=A.B+A’.B’
Universal Gate
A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function without
using any other types of gates.
A A A
Out AA=A
A A.B A
A.B NAND
AND
A.B
B B
A A
A
NAND OR A+B
B
B
B
DE MORGAN’S THEOREM
THEOREM 1
A
The complement of a sum of variables is equal to O=(A+B)'
B
the product of the complement of each variable.
Proof: (A+B)'=A'.B' A
O=A'+B'
B
Hence, (A+B)'=A'.B'
A B A' B' A+B (A+B)' A'.B'
0 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
THEOREM 2
The complement of product of variables is equal A
O= (A.B)'
to the sum of the complement of each variable. B
Proof:(A.B)'= A'+B'
A
O=A'+B'
B
A B A' B' A+B (A+B)' A'+B'
0 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 0