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The Role of Small and Medium Hospitality and Tourism Enterprises in The Nigerian Economy A Case Study of Adamawa State
The Role of Small and Medium Hospitality and Tourism Enterprises in The Nigerian Economy A Case Study of Adamawa State
STATE
BY
JALINGO, L. YUSUF
HTI/BC/PGS/09/O87
NOVEMBER, 2011
i
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project title “The Role of Small and Medium
Management, under the able supervision of Alh. (Dr) Kabir Momoh. All information
derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of
relevant references provided. Also no part of this write up was previously used and
institution.
ii
CERTIFICATION
We certify that this project work, “The Role of Small and Medium Hospitality
Tourism Enterprises in the Nigerian Economy: A Case Study of Adamawa State, has been
institute for Hospitality and Tourism, Bauchi and therefore has been approved by the
examiners.
………………………………..
Name of supervisor
…………………………….. Date…………………...
Signature
……………………………….
Name of Head of Department
……………………………… Date…………………...
Signature
………………………………
Name of Head of Campus
…………………………….. Date…………………...
Signature
iii
ABSTRACT
It is worthy to note and acknowledge that small and medium sized Hospitality and
Tourism enterprises in this country have expanded in the most recent years. They
have continued to play an important role in contributing to the growth of the economy
by its provision of employment opportunities, foreign exchange promotion of our
country values and the improvement of the life’s of the people. It also contributes to a
large extent to sustainable development of our societies/communities.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
v
1.0 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
The concept of small and medium enterprises in the hospitality and tourism industry
is an important phenomenon that requires some considerable attention. It simply relates to the
act of entrepreneurship. The term entrepreneurship is used broadly in connection with the
innovative modern industrial business leader. The entrepreneur is he or she who perceives
business opportunities and takes advantage of the scarce resources to use them. It is the
entrepreneur who gears the non-insurable risks in the enterprise and also directs the human
Definitions for small and medium enterprises are often considered to be obstacles for
business studies and market research. The definitions are used today emphasis employment,
turnover and assets. They also incorporate a reasonable amount of flexibility around year to
year change in these measures so that a business qualifying as small or medium size
enterprise in one year can have a reasonable expectation of remaining an SME in the Next
year.
In the present economic climate of the country, Governments alone cannot continue to
bear the responsibility for and of everything in its attempt to bring up the National economy
to appreciable levels. Hence the small and medium enterprises in the hospitality and tourism
sector can play a much greater role in terms of creating job opportunities, goods, facilities
and services that will reduce joblessness and improve the living conditions of the people,
directly or indirectly. It should be noted that the motive to start a small business could range
from mere adventure, lure for money, struggle for survival, interest, etc. Over the years,
Nigerians have found new grounds in small and medium enterprises for their incomes and
other needs of daily life. The credit goes to Governments that created the friendly
1
environment that saw the growth of small and medium scale enterprises. Not only in
hospitality and tourism businesses, but also in whole sale and retail ventures, manufacturing,
agriculture, etc.
Small and medium scale businesses are key elements at the lower level to the country
is economic advancement with the ability to diversify and revitalize the economy of the
country. This work therefore, focuses on the role of small and medium hospitality and
tourism enterprises in the National economy with special reference to Adamawa state. The
state is endowed with much potential in the area of hospitality and tourism that need to be
harnessed as hospitality and tourism activities remained the fastest growing economic sector
There is no doubt that business enterprises exit in different forms and sizes i.e small,
medium and large. They engage in the provision of utility for its customers from which it
This work will identify the various Hospitality and tourism enterprises in Adamawa
State, the environment in which they operate, their characteristics, etc. it’s overall all
2
(The broad objective should be stated follows by specific)
1. To establish the relevance of small and medium sized hospitality and Tourism
For the purpose of analysis and prediction, two hypothetical statements are stated
below.
Hypothesis .1
Strategies towards developing small and medium Hospitality and Tourism Enterprises
Hypothesis 2
The scope of the study shall cover the role of small and medium hospitality and
tourism enterprises in the National Economy with respect to Adamawa State in the North
The research will engage areas such as the scope of entrepreneurship, strategies and
3
Limitation
Project thesis, research work, dissertations and any kind of publication are always and
The researcher was faced with so many problems ranging from collation of date, lack
of enough literature on the subject and of course the tress in visiting the areas covered in the
study.
1. To establish the role of small and medium hospitality and tourism enterprises in the
2. What are the problems that militate against the development of small and medium
3. What are the agencies that are contributing to the growth and development of small
4. Which are the examples of small and medium hospitality and tourism enterprises in
Adamawa state?
5. Which problems are these enterprises contributing to solve in the national economy?
6. Can hospitality and tourism enterprises generate income, and revenue in Adamawa
State?
The collection of data for this work involved the following procedure or steps.
a. The administration of questionnaire to staff of some outfits in the area of small and
4
The analysis of data collected from respondents was based on the percentage system.
It also involved the use of optional questions “Yes” or “No’ and thereafter the
Capital –Money or the properly that are used for business activities e.g machines, buildings
etc.
Data –The raw facts and figures that are to be further processed.
Inflation– A continuing increase in prices when much money is in circulation or when there
Profit–The reward of the entrepreneur for investing his/her resources, energy and time in a
business activity.
Consumers –Those who purchase products/Services that are reasonably priced and safe for
use.
10,000 = and N 2 millions including working capital but excluding land (Federal
business.
5
Business –An economic activity, an occupation or an enterprise. It is also a legitimate
achieve objectives.
business decision.
Product –This is a need satisfying offering of a business eg. Physical good or services or a
blend of both.
Medium Scale Enterprise –This is a business venture that is not smaller large in character.
Hospitality Industry – An Industry that provides food, drink, accommodation and other
Tourism–It is the sum of the phenomena and relationship arising from the travel and stay of
non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not
6
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Employment and job creation activities and the boosting of income opportunities are
some of the main challenges today in the country. Government policies and strategies have
encouraged and supported the private sector in generating growth of self employment in the
Although Government is the major employer in the Nation’s formal sector, the
the investment decisions of the private sector made up mainly of major corporate investors
and medium scale businesses. But these also include small scale entrepreneurs, artisans, and
innovators. In other words, people’s participation must form the basic element in any strategy
to reduce unemployment, joblessness and poverty affecting the larger population in this
To Omoile, (2005) pg.5, the rise in the unemployment figures in the country,
planning committee to strategies on how Nigeria could become one of the world’s top 20
Economies in the year, 2020, popularly known as the vision 20-20-20. One of the key options
The term small and medium businesses are predominantly used in the United States,
but now universally applied. However, the European member states traditionally have their
own definition of small and medium enterprises. For example in Germany SMES have a limit
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of two hundred and fifty employees, while in Belgium, it could have lone hundred
employees. But the European Union (EU) has started to standardize the concept. Its current
definition categorizes companies with fewer than 10 employees as “micro”,. while those with
fewer than fifty employees as “small” and those with fewer than twenty as “medium”, by
contrast, in the United States, when small business is defined by the number of employees, it
often refers to those with fewer than one hundred (100) employees as small, while, medium –
sized businesses are often refers to those with fewer than five hundred (500) employees.
In most economies however, smaller enterprises are much greater in number. In the
European Union (EU) for example, small and medium Enterprises comprise approximately
90% of all firms and employ between then about sixty five (65) million people. In many
sectors small and Medium Enterpriser account for 99% of business members and 40%, 50%
of Gross Domestic product (GDP). In a United Nations World Trade Organization (UNWTO)
report (2009 pp.10), India’s micro and small enterprises (MSE) sector plays a pivotal role in
the overall industrial economy of the country. It is estimated that in terms of value, the sector
accounts for about 39% of the manufacturing output and about 33% of the total export of the
country.
Furthermore, in recent years, the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) sector has
consistently registered higher growth in India compared to the overall industrial Sector. The
Major Advantage of the Sector is its employment potential at very low capital cost.
This sector employs an estimated thirty one (31) million people; spread over 12 – 18
million enterprises and the labour intensity in the micro and small Enterprises (MSE) Sector
is estimated to be almost four (4) times higher than the larger enterprises. In the observation
of the European commission’s definition for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is often
considered to be an obstacle for business studies and market research. They also incorporate a
reasonable amount of flexibility around year to year changes in these measures so that
8
business qualifying as small and medium enterprise (SME) in one year can have a reasonable
expectation of remaining a small and medium Enterprise in the next proceeding year.
According to Ritchie and Geoldner (1994 p. 112) the tourism industry was presented
amalgamation of businesses and agencies which totally or in part provide the means of
transport, accommodation, goods, services and other facilities as well as programmes and
resources for travels out of the home community for any purpose not related to a local day –
to – day activity. Tourism industry therefore, can be regarded as labour intensive and service
oriented since most of its products are services that are tangible and intangible products.
Today, hospitality and tourism has become an important factor the world over and a
major element in balance of payments. It is also considered to be the largest single item in
international trade, which constitutes a worldwide activity, which is why Honziker and Kraft
(1985 pg 55) said that Tourism is the sum of the phenomenon and relationship arising from
the travel land stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not head to permanent residence and
are not connected with any earning activity. Many experts and authors have postulated
divergent views on the concept of tourism, but above all, they go to share same meanings.
ADAMAWA STATE
Although some people contend that the earliest beginning of entrepreneurial theory
dates back to the writings of Richard Cantillon (1955), most scholars agreed that there are no
serious theoretical studies and formulations on entrepreneurship until the works of Max
Weber and Joseph Schumpeter. Other prominent writers in the field include David
McClelland, Le Vine, Everett Hagen, Edit Penrose, Thomas Cochran, Frank Young, John
9
In the contention of Schumpeter, the theories postulated by these authors mentioned
above are aggressively empirical and diverse. They, he maintained, range from sociological,
psychological and economic imperatives among others. Some authors attempt to relate the
conclusion from these theories can only be that several factors tend to explain why an
individual goes into business. In life, certain kinds of experiences and situational conditions
rather than personal or ego are the major determinants of whether or not an individual
Adamawa State is a part. Some studies and findings about the Nigerian entrepreneurship
i. Most Nigerian business men/women believe that inadequate capital is their main
problem,
ii. Most of them complained about lack of proper organizational and management skill,
and
iii. Some Banks advanced that most entrepreneurs mis-applied loan received from them
These and others seem to be the greatest and most common problems facing Nigerian
entrepreneurs today. However, other studiers agreed that Nigerian entrepreneurs perform well
in:
ii. The gaining of command over the resources to establish a business but performs badly
From the above, and incidentally the positions canvassed above reflected exactly the
situation in Adamawa State which of course, is a state in Nigeria. Furthermore and in general,
10
the Nigerian business environment in the present day offers entrepreneurial opportunities and
encourages business pursuits and reduces dependence on Government to provide jobs and
other services.
ADAMAWA STATE
Governments at all levels and over the years developed strategies and demonstrated
the need for conscious programmes and activities for the development of small and medium
enterprises in the development of the National Economy. Also, governments at all levels are
responding positively to this situation. The problem of finance/capital is handled through the
encouragement of specialized banks and other credit institutions to cater for the needs of
small and medium scale enterprises in the state. This can be seen by support and loan granted
(NDE), Nigerian Agricultural, Cooperative and Rural Development Bank (NACRDB), etc in
the state.
i) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) provide more employment per unit of capital
ii) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) generally act as a catalyst to larger industries
thereby generating the desired forward and backward linkages required to build a
which help to develop manpower techniques. SMEs also help develop our non-oil
sector especially the agro-allied industries and the hospitality and tourism industry,
11
iv) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) help form the technological base, where such
industries would start from small units operating and innovating indigenous
technology to suit our particular needs and utilizing local value of resources, products,
v) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) generally source their raw materials locally
while a good number of larger units rely on imported raw materials. In this era of
scarce foreign exchange, industries that source their raw materials locally stand a
vi) An overall look at the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector would reveal
parity, raise capacity utilization of industries, lower inflation by producing more and
creating competition.
vii) Further development of Gross Domestic Product (SMEs) would also increase GDP
means “Reliance upon one’s effort, judgment or ability”. The hospitality and tourism industry
employed persons (partly dependent on tourism) with large-scale companies. Overtime, the
industry has been subject to two major tendencies: International and concentration. These
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4. Resort Owners
5. Souvenir Industry
6. Amusement Parks
7. Small – Scale business: Theatre and Cinemas, Car Wash, Retail Shops, etc.
8. Cottage Industries: Weaving, Pottery, Carving, Bronze, Silver work, Black Smiting,
Dyeing, Hair dressing etc. Hospitality and Tourism industry is therefore very dynamic
A DEVELOPING ECONOMY
The satisfaction of basic human needs such as self – sufficiency in food production,
good water supply, politics and cultural fulfillment requires the spirit of solidarity and mutual
enrichment in order to strive towards a successful business and yielding a positive outcome
by directing and determining objectives to be attained and the means of attaining them.
According to Harper (1996: 202), Planning for business objective to identify the
critical information that is needed to plan a new business, which must be well organized,
requires a proper planning so as to meet the targeted objectives. This shows that planning is a
vital thing in any business establishment, be it small, medium or large. The role can be
achieved through small – scale enterprise such as kiosk, Retailing, Shop-services, Snack, Bar,
Restaurants and other forms of businesses in order to meet the needs of the consumers which
Financial Self – reliance and sustainability has taken full responsibility for and
succeeding in balancing income and expenditure over the long – term entrepreneurship
development in the hospitality and tourism industry which creates jobs to citizens and
individuals that want to use their limited resources to generate appropriate returns, but
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requires things such as proper planning, cost consideration, financial background, the level of
profitability, kind of environment and customer turnover in order to achieve a better outcome.
Hospitality and Tourism is growing faster in the developing countries, which received
30% of international arrivals in 1988 and a proportion is predicated to grow in the next
The tourism industry is the largest fastest growing service industry in the world
having increased 25 times since 1950 and it is already the most important service industry for
many developing countries like Nigeria, where it brings in about 20% of Gross National
Product) GNP to the economy. Also in the light of this, current report of the UNWTO shows
that tourism has taken over from the export of petroleum products, making it the world’s
While the government provides an enabling environment for the overall progressive
development of tourism and hospitality industry, it is the private sector that provides the
Even though the private sector operates in Nigeria on comparatively free market by separate
corporate entities and sole proprietorship, it has been found necessary that for obvious
business reasons, there should be some areas of collective cartel. This is to promote and
protect their individual and collective interests in some particular business interest through
the formation of Associations and Unions, peculiar to each supply industry or combined with
In many countries of the world, the private sector plays a key role on tourism policy
arrangements (including travel agencies and tour operators) as well as souvenir shop and
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These hospitality and tourism concepts and practices are grouped into two basic
i) The First Category: These are regarded as direct providers which include business
travel agencies, Restaurants and retail shops interface directly with travelers in that
ii) The Second Category: Below the surfaces a large variety of business lending support
to direct providers. This second category, support services that include specialized
services such as tour organizers, travel and trade publications, and hotel management
firms. It also include basic supplies and services such as contract laundry and outdoor
catering services such as those listed above are dependent upon the market for almost
ADAMAWA STATE.
Business enterprises finance their operations through direct and indirect financing.
The ability to utilize various financial resources depends on the circumstances of each
2) Loan from individual such as friends, relatives and financial assistance through
borrowers.
3) Loans from financial Institutions such as commercial banks like Nigerian Industrial
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6) Tax holiday and rebates – This allows new firms time to establish themselves before they
8) Bank overdrafts/facilities
for tourism and hospitality, has equally accorded it a maximum attention to enable its growth
through private sector participation, which s done through partnership or the outright
acquisition of existing sites by entrepreneurs investing in this sector in any of the geo-
political state would be a rewarding experience to the investor especially in the development
of resort, holiday, homes, camps, restaurants, and transport services thereby providing
Opportunities are opened to investors this very viable sector of the state’s economy.
The first that comes in mind in this area is the local handicrafts engaged in by the local
populace such as pottery among the Lunguda people; mat weaving, blacksmithing, artifacts
and fast food vendors and suya sports. All these can be further developed and their
knowledge be oriented in order to expand their business and adopt a new technological
Businesses in this state also exist, such as shopping complexes, retail shops, restaurant
business, liquor shops, bar houses, canteens, souvenir shops and the likes.
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S/N ATTRACTION DESCRIPTION
1 Gashaka Gumti National Party Sukur Eco – Tourism
Monument
Natural/Physical
Natural/Physical
17
2.12 SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN
1. Irrigation / Gardening
2. Restaurant Services
3. Home Laundry Services
4. Arranging foods for parties
5. Arranging Drinks for Parties
6. Raising of flowers
7. Portrait Painting
8. Raising of Flowers
9. Lands-capping
10. Making Baskets and Cages from Palm Fronts
11. Taxi Driving
12. Amateur Painting
13. Production of Conference Bags
14. Home made Breads and Cakes
15. Car Washing
16. Hair Weaving
17. Consultancies
18. Organizing cultural groups for occasion performances
19. Fast Foods
20. Running Catering Institute
21. Tailoring
22. Hunting and Fishing
23. GSM Business: Selling Recharge Cards and phone Accessories.
2.13 HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM – BASED ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND JOB
According to Adelodun, (2002), Tourism has diverse needs ranging from tangible,
physiological or basic needs such as food, water, warmth and accommodation to abstract or
psychological needs such as love of an athletics, creative and performing arts, painting, music
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dance, etc. These needs present business opportunities in the tourism industry. Given the
variety of these needs and the fact that human needs are insatiable and constantly changing.
In addition to the fact that the satisfaction of one need yield another, it could be said
that there exist vast tourist based entrepreneurship opportunities arising from the needs
rural areas, owned by individual small enterprises or group of business partners or large –
scale private and public limited companies that provide array of services in the hospitality
and tourism industry. The hospitality and tourism – based entrepreneurship can be broken
This is made of all business outfits that provide major tourist services in the tourism
a) Transportation Industry
c) Entertainment Industry
e) Sports Tourism
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These are enterprises that provide necessary support services to tourisms in particular
and hospitality and tourism industry in general. They include, but by no means restricted to
a) Travel agencies
b) Advertising Industries
c) Banking Services
NATIONAL ECONOMY
The following contributions are identified as part of the impact it has on the economy
at large.
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1) Employment generation: the industry is one of the largest employers of labour world
2) Job Creation: The industry is an amalgam of so many activities, thus the existing
attractions cannot alone satisfy the tourist; but the need for souvenir products and
other ancillary services which leads to job creation in cottage industrial activities.
regions and cities, which further results to integration of different people and with a
people, places, culture, dialect, norms and values, which different people experience
at such destinations.
5) Social Interaction: It enhances social interaction and acquisition of new methods and
way of life.
places are developed with social amenities or infrastructures as well as other facilities
7) Balance of payment: This shows the relationship between a country’s total payments
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter is concerned with the methods employed by the researcher in obtaining
the information required for the accomplishment of the research. This chapter also helps us to
understand the philosophy or rationale of the methods used which includes the assumptions
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and values that have been stated and the standard of criteria used for the interpretation of data
and reaching conclusion. Research methodology is the most important tool for enabling man
to relate more effectively to his environment, to accomplish his purpose and to resolve his
conflicts.
The methods employed by the researcher in obtaining pertinent data are basically in
The primary method of data collection involves the use o f structured questionnaire,
which will be administered to the target population within the area under study. This method
was adopted because of its reliability in obtaining a first – hand information directly from the
respondents regarding the subject matter. Qs. Is the work have been done or to be done?
The secondary method of data collection involves the use of secondary sources such as
textbooks, Dictionaries, Encyclopedia, projects and the electronic media via the internet.
The study covers Adamawa State. The number of the population size of say 100
respondents selected for the purpose of this research will represent the total population in the
state as 100% of the population. ( Qs. Can we say that, the population of the study will cover
all the hospitality and tourism in Adamawa State?) fellows by sample size……
The method of sampling the population size for this research is by use of simple
random sampling techniques. This method is adopted because of its scattered population area
so that each item or respondent within the area has an equal chance of being selected in the
22
The main instrument for this research is the structural questionnaire. The
questionnaire consists of two parts namely: Section, A which is the personal data of the
respondents such as the age, sex, status, and occupation level. The other parts, which is the
section B is research questions, which consist of 8/9 structured questions deduced from the
statement of the problem and are expected to achieve the stated objectives. 100
(Not Meaningful )
The research instrument shall be validated using a test – retest method of validation?.
This will involves administering the questionnaire to a selected sample of 20 people on two
weeks each to ensure that their responses are consistent; that will imply that the instrument is
reliable.
Also, the supervisor shall go through the questionnaire to correct and readjust the
instrument where possible in order to ensure that the instrument measured what it is expected
The research design covers the role of small and medium hospitality and tourism in
the National Economy with emphasis to Adamawa State. Other areas the research focuses on
include the strategies for small and medium enterprises, entrepreneurship development and
practice of entrepreneurship.
The method of data analysis adopted in this research is basically the simple tabulation
method using the mean score to find percentage of the various responses.
23
24
CHAPTER FOUR
Introduction:
This chapter is concerned with the presentation, analysis and discussion of the data
collected that were administered to both staff and customers (Should be stated in the
population of the study) of selected small and medium size of Hospitality and tourism
enterprisers in Adamawa State, particularly in Yola, the State capital and Mubi, as the major
i. Bagale Motel
While in Mubi, they include Jambas Guest House, Detamd Lodge, and Vulma Cultural
Troop. (above places should be stated in the population and sample size)
Two sets of questionnaire were used for the study, one set for the staff of the selected
enterprises, while the other set went to the customers and patrons of these enterprises. (to be
taken to methodology)
Administered to the staff of Jambas Guest Inn, Detamd Lodge, Bagale Hotel, and
25
Table 4.1 Summary of Staff of Hospitality Enterprises:
Source: Field Survey, Nov. 2011 ( What happened your samle size here are just 30 instead of
100?)
From the above presentation one can see that staffs of Hospitality enterprises selected
agree that these enterprises are good for the economics of the country and Adamawa State in
particular.
26
Analysis and Discussion
The above presentation is clear that staffs of these outfits are very interested to
continue with the business, indicative that they benefit from being employees of the business,
where they earn salaries and other benefits that contributes to life’s existence.
On the other hand the many customers and patrons of the businesses involved in this
research are of the view that being customers and consumers of the products of the
establishments, has given them joy and happiness whenever they visit or patronize them.
They further started that there is value for their money as customers of the businesses.
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CHAPTER FIVE
Adamawa State is blessed with both human and Materials Resources, developed as
well as undeveloped. That includes a good number of small and medium scale Hospitality
and Tourisms resources. Seen from the points mentioned above, it is apparently evident that
engaging in varied hospitality and tourism ventures and activities has pivotal role in the
economy of the state in particular and the country in general, particularly when viewed from
the many positive benefit that will be derived from their development and encouragements.
However, haven drawn that opinion, one can say with a reasonable level of
confidence that the majority of the people of the state are aware of the many opportunities
that can be found in engaging in small and medium scale activities in hospitality and tourism.
5.2 CONCLUSION
This work has been undertaken in order to identity and come to terms with the real
happenings in the world of small and medium Hospitality and Tourism Enterprises in
Adamawa State and how the general public respond or react to its development, growth the
and encouragement by Governments at all levels. Perhaps this may be and will be a major
solution to joblessness, economic downturn and results in appreciable levels in the socio-
economic, development in the area of transport, Hotel and Restaurant, etc by generating
revenues and incomes that will meet the needs of the large society. So, let’s make it.
The relevance of entrepreneurial activities and business to the country towards the
vision 20-20-20 con not be overstated. Such ventures and activities are noted for their
contributions to a nations economic and industrial growth. Small and Medium Hospitality
and Tourism outfits plays loading roles as employers of labour, providers of infrastructure,
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5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
Haven seen the importance of Small and Medium Hospitality and Tourism
enterprises in Adamawa State and their contributions to the economic growth of the state and
the wellbeing of the people, it becomes apparent that the following recommendations are
made.
1. Adamawa State Government and all local Government Councils should encourage
and attract private participation, local and foreign investor, etc. to invest in the
2. The Government at all levels should direct and encourage entrepreneurs that are
already in business to look inwards in sourcing their raw materials for the good of the
sector.
3. Indigenous enterprises in the state should seek technical assistance from counter parts
in other parts of the country that have developed similar businesses in order to enhance
5. Young graduates should learn simple skills that will empower them and even extend
6. Entrepreneurs in Hospitality and Tourisms small and medium business to seek loans
from relevant financial institutions in order to expand and boast their entrepreneurial
activities.
29
National Institute for
Hospitality and Tourism
Department Tourism Mgt.
Bauchi Campus
Dear Respondent’s
Jalingo, L. Yusuf
UTI/PGS/BC/09/087
30
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STAFF
31
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CUSTOMERS
NB: Please kindly tick where appropriate and applicable.
SECTION A
Personal Data
Age______________________________
Sex______________________________
Marital Status _____________________
Occupation________________________
SECTION B
1. Are you a business Man/Woman
Yes______ No_______
2. Do you always patronize this place?
Yes______ No_______
3. Are small medium scale business good for the state?
Yes______ No_______
4. Do you like the services here?
Yes______ No_______
5. Are hotels good for the economy?
Yes______ No_______
6. Is tourism good for the people?
Yes______ No_______
7. Do you frequent travel by this transport company?
Yes______ No_______
8. Do you think this business can create employment for young people?
Yes______ No_______
9. Is the present economic situation good for this business?
Yes______ No_______
ABBREVIATION /DEFINATION OF COMMON TERMS
32
MSE – Mecro small Enterprise
33
Selected Bibliography/ REFERENCES
Ahmed, B.K (2009) Entrepreneurship Skills in Nigeria. Ideal Morning Star Publishers
Kaduna, Nigeria.
Aminu, A.A (2009) Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice Compact Publishers Ltd.
Maiduguri Nigeria.
Bello, Y.O and Adesuyan, A.J (2009) Hospitality Economics (A simplified Approach) Ondo,
Grace Excellent Publishers.
David N. and Robert D (1990) Business Studies Mchrawhill Books Company Europe, U.K.
Ghosh, B (2008) Tourism and Travel Management, New Delhi Vikas Publishing House PVT
Ltd.
Hornby, A.S (2009) Oxford Advance Leaner’s Dictionary Oxford University Press 6th
Edition.
Inang, E.E and Vlang, G.E. (1990) “Previous of Small Scale Enterprises Credit Delivery in
Nigeria” CBN Economic and Financial Review, Vol. 30. No. 4th December.
ITF Journal of Manpower Training and Development 2006 Programme Vol. 2 (July –
December).
Mohammed, A.A (2010) Cultural Tourism The Nigeria Perspective Kaduna, Mubaal Global
Invest Ltd.
NBI (2003) Small and Medium Scale Enterprises and Funding in Nigeria.
http/www.nigeriabusinessinfor.com.
Nwaye, M. (1974) Small Business Enterprises Benini: Social Science Series for Africa
University Benin.
34
Okpara, F.O (2002) Entrepreneurship (Text and Cases) Enugu Nigeria Precision Printers and
Publishers.
Sadiq, Y.A and Konduya, A.M (2004): Small Business Management Yola Paraclete
Publishers
Wale, A. O.I (2002) Entrepreneurship Development 2nd Edition. Lagos. Gilgal Publications
35