SHRI RAM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY

JABALPUR

COURSE FILE

ON

INTERNAL COMBUTION ENGINE

(SUB. CODE: 604)

BY

RAHUL CHOUBEY

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SHRI RAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JABALPUR

Dr. BIPLAB PAUL

PROF M.R.SINGH
PRINCIPAL
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
SRIST
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Individual Time Table For BE - VIII,VI & IV Semester Session (Jan-2013) w.e.f.
14/01/2013
Days Sem 09:00- 09:50- 10:40- 11:30- 12:20 1:10 -1:50 1:50 02:40-
09:50 10:40 11:30 12:20 AM -1:10 PM -2:40 3:30
AM AM AM IV PM PM PM
I II III V VI VII
Monday VIII       R  
VI   CAE LAB(A)(RC&NJ)   E ICE (RC)
IV       C  
Tuseday VIII   CIM LAB (A)   E  
(RC&SN) S
VI     ICE (RC)  
IV        
Wednesda VIII       CIM(RC)  
y VI ICE (RC)   ICE LAB(B)(RC&MS)    
IV        
Thursday VIII CIM(RC)      
VI   CAE LAB(B)(RC&NJ)    
IV        
Friday VIII CIM(RC) CIM LAB (B)    
(RC&SN)
VI       ICE LAB(A)
(RC&MS)
IV        
    09:00 - 09:40 - 10:20 - 11:00 - 11:40 - 12:20 HOD MECH
09:40 10:20 11:00 11:40 PROF. M.R.
Saturday VIII   CIM(RC)   SINGH
VI ICE (RC)    
IV      
 UNIT-1

• Internal Combustion Engine:

• Classification of engine

• S.I. and C.I. engines of two and four stroke cycles,

• real cycle analysis of SI and CI engines,

• determination of engine dimensions, speed, fuel consumption, output, mean

effective pressure, efficiency, factors effecting volumetric efficiency,

• heat balance, performance characteristics of SI and CI engines, cylinder

arrangement, firing order, power balance for multi-cylinder engines,

• valve timing
ENGINE:

Engine that converts chemical energy in a fuel into mechanical energy, usually made
available on a rotating output shaft. Chemical energy of the fuel is first converted to
thermal energy by means of combustion or oxidation with air inside the engine. This
thermal energy raises the temperature and pressure of the gases within the engine and the
high-pressure gas then expands against the mechanical mechanisms of the engine. This
expansion is converted by the mechanical linkages of the engine to a rotating crankshaft,
which is the output of the engine.

Classification of IC engine:
Heat engines

External combustion engines Internal combustion engines

Rotary Reciprocating

Steam Engine
Reciprocative
Gas Turbine
obolete (S-M) air- craft-
power plants
active (M-L)
Ram Jet

Steam Turbine Pulse Jet

Rotary power Jet Engine air-
stations active Craft active

(S-M)

Wankel
Hot- Air Engine Engine

reciprocating (S)

rare use obsolete

(s)
Petrol Engine
Diesel Engine
(Gasoline Engine)
Automobile- Industrial
(S)
Closed cycle
Gas Turbine
rotary power- Multi- Fuel Engine Gas Engine
Automobile- Industrial Automobile- Industrial
stations, marine active (S-M) Active (S-M)

active (M-L)
Classification of IC engine:

Normally IC engines are classified into

1.C.I engines and

2.S.I engines

Some of the important classifications are given below,

1. Number of strokes

-two stroke and four stroke

2. Working Cycles

-Otto ,Diesel, Dual cycle

3. Cylinder arrangement

-In-line, V-type, Opposed, Radial

4. Valve Arrangement

-T-head, F-head, L-head, I-head

5. Fuel Used

-Petrol, Diesel, Gas

6. Combustion chamber design

-Open, divided

7. Cooling System

-Water and air cooling

8. According to the number of cylinders

-Single and Multi

9. According to the speed

-Slow, medium, and high speed engines

10. According to the application

-Stationary, Automotive, Marine, Locomotive, Aircraft etc.

2 Stroke Spark Ignition Engine :-

A two-stroke engine is an internal combustion engine that completes the process cycle in one

revolution of the crankshaft (an up stroke and a down stroke of the piston, compared to twice that

number for a four-stroke engine). This is accomplished by using the end of the combustion

stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke to perform simultaneously the intake and

exhaust (or scavenging) functions. In this way, two-stroke engines often provide high specific

power, at least in a narrow range of rotational speeds. The functions of some or all of the valves

required by a four-stroke engine are usually served in a two-stroke engine by ports that are

opened and closed by the motion of the piston(s), greatly reducing the number of moving parts.

Working Priciple of 2 Stroke Spark Ignition Engine

Intake

The fuel/air mixture is first drawn into the crankcase by the vacuum that is created during the

upward stroke of the piston. The illustrated engine features a poppet intake valve; however,

many engines use a rotary value incorporated into the crankshaft.

Crankcase compression

During the downward stroke, the poppet valve is forced closed by the increased crankcase

pressure. The fuel mixture is then compressed in the crankcase during the remainder of the

stroke.

4 Stroke Spark Ignition Engine

A four-stroke engine, also known as four-cycle, is an internal combustion engine in which the
piston completes four separate strokes—intake, compression, power, and exhaust—during two
separate revolutions of the engine's crankshaft, and one single thermodynamic cycle.

Working Priciple of 4 Stroke Spark Ignition Engine

INTAKE stroke: on the intake or induction stroke of the piston, the piston descends from the
top of the cylinder to the bottom of the cylinder, reducing the pressure inside the cylinder. A
mixture of fuel and air, or just air in a diesel engine, is forced by atmospheric (or greater)
pressure into the cylinder through the intake port. The intake valve(s) then close. The volume of
air/fuel mixture that is drawn into the cylinder, relative to the volume of the cylinder is called,
the volumetric efficiency of the engine.

COMPRESSION stroke: with both intake and exhaust valves closed, the piston returns to the
top of the cylinder compressing the air, or fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber of the
cylinder head.

POWER stroke: this is the start of the second revolution of the engine. While the piston is close
to Top Dead Center, the compressed air–fuel mixture in a gasoline engine is ignited, usually by a
spark plug, or fuel is injected into the diesel engine, which ignites due to the heat generated in
the air during the compression stroke. The resulting massive pressure from the combustion of the
compressed fuel-air mixture forces the piston back down toward bottom dead centre.

EXHAUST stroke: during the exhaust stroke, the piston once again returns to top dead center
while the exhaust valve is open. This action evacuates the burnt products of combustion from the
cylinder by expelling the spent fuel-air mixture out through the exhaust valve(s).