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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Deriving the Laws of Radicals
Mathematics – Grade 9
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Quarter 2 – Module 4: Deriving the Laws of Radicals
First Edition, 2020
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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Deriving the Laws of Radicals
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
ii
For the learner:
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
iii
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
iv
What I Need to Know
This module is made for the learners to be able to demonstrate understanding of key
concepts of radicals.
What I Know
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write only the letter that corresponds to
your answer.
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
a. ( √𝑎) = 𝑎 c. √ = 𝑛
𝑏 √𝑏
1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
b. √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 √𝑏 d. 𝑎2 = √𝑎
𝑛 𝑛
2. Which of the following is true on using the law of radical ( √𝑎) = 𝑎?
3 3 3 2
a. ( √5) = 5 c. ( √5) = 5
5 5 3 2
b. ( √3) = 5 d. ( √3) = 3
3 3
3. Which law of radical is applicable to ( √2) = 2?
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑚
a. ( √𝑎) = 𝑎 c. √𝑎𝑚 = √𝑎
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑚 𝑚𝑛
b. √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 √𝑏 d. √ √𝑎 = √𝑎
1
4 123
4. Which law of radical is applicable to √ √7 = √7?
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
a. ( √𝑎) = 𝑎 c. √ = 𝑛
𝑏 √𝑏
𝑛 𝑛 𝑚 𝑛𝑚 𝑚𝑛
b. √𝑎𝑚 = √𝑎 d. √ √𝑎 = √𝑎
3 2 3 2 3 2
5. Which law of radical is applicable to ( √4𝑥 ) = √4 ∙ √𝑥 ?
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑚
a. ( √𝑎) = 𝑎 c. √𝑎𝑚 = √𝑎
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛𝑚 𝑚𝑛
b. √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 √𝑏 d. √ √𝑎 = √𝑎
3
6. Which law of radical is applicable to √272 = 9?
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
a. ( √𝑎) = 𝑎 c. √ = 𝑛
𝑏 √𝑏
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑚
b. √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 √𝑏 d. √𝑎𝑚 = √𝑎
3 15 5
7. Which law of radical is applicable to √ √𝑥 = √𝑥 ?
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑚
a. ( √𝑎) = 𝑎 c. √𝑎𝑚 = √𝑎
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛𝑚 𝑚𝑛
b. √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 √𝑏 d. √ √𝑎 = √𝑎
𝑛
𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
8. Which of the following is an example of the law of radical √ = 𝑛 ?
𝑏 √𝑏
3 3
𝑎. ( √5) = 5 c. √8 = 2√2
5
5 3 √3 5 5
b. √ = 5 d. √27 = √128
7 √7
3 3
𝑎. ( √5) = 5 c. √8 = 2√2
5
5 3 √3 5 5
b. √ = 5 d. √27 = √128
7 √7
4
3 12
a. √8 = 2√2 c. √ √2 = √2?
5 5 3 3
b. √27 = √128 d. ( √5) = 5
2
𝑛 𝑛
11. Which of the following is an example of the law of radical ( √𝑎) = 𝑎?
3 3
𝑎. ( √8) = 8 c. √8 = 2√2
5
5 3 √3 5 5
b. √ = 5 d. √27 = √128
7 √7
3 3
𝑎. ( √5) = 5 c. √8 = 2√2
5
5 3 √3 5 5
b. √ = 5 d. √27 = √128
7 √7
𝑛
𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
13. The following are examples of the laws of radical √ = 𝑛 except
𝑏 √𝑏
7 3
7 2 √2 3 7 √7
a. √ = 7 c. √ = 3
5 √5 5 √5
3
3 3 √3 5 5
b. √ = 3 d. √27 = √128
7 √7
1 7
7
a. 𝑎2 = √2 c. ( √𝑎) = 𝑎
3 3 7
7
b. 𝑎2 = √𝑎 d. ( √𝑎) = 7
3 3 5 5
a. ( √5) = 5 c. ( √5) = 5
2 5 5
b. (√4) = 2 d. √27 = √128
3
Lesson
Deriving the Laws of
1 Radicals
The laws of radicals are derived directly from the laws of exponents. The laws are
designed to make simplification much easier.
This module will provide you the knowledge about how to derive the laws of radicals.
What’s In
A. Directions: Put a heart (♥) in the column where the answer corresponds to the
given laws of exponent. Number one (1) is done for you.
Laws of Exponent
Given
Zero Negative
Product Quotient Power
Exponent Exponent
1. (𝑥 2 )3 = 𝑥 6 ♥
2. 𝑥 0 = 1
3. (3𝑥𝑦 5 )2 = 9𝑥 2 𝑦 10
3𝑥 5
5. = 3𝑥 2
𝑥3
1
6. 𝑥 −3 =
𝑥3
4
The previous activity gave you the idea about the connection of law of exponent and
law of radical. The laws of radicals are derived directly from the laws of exponents.
Understanding the laws of exponents prepare you to the next topic of this module.
What’s New
FILL-ME-IN
Analyze carefully the first two examples below then fill in the rest of the exercises
with the correct answer.
2 3 3
33 √32 √9
3 5 5
(2n)5 √23 𝑛3 √8𝑛3
3
54
3
(3b)2
2
3 3
( 2)
𝑝
1
(𝑥 2 + 3)3
1
(𝑥 2 − 3) −3
Questions:
1. How do you think the given expressions with a rational exponent were written
as radicals? What processes have you observed?
2. What necessary understanding is needed to simplify the given expressions?
3. What are the bases for arriving at your conclusion?
5
What is It
𝑛
An expression of the form √𝑎 denoting the principal n-th root of a. The positive
integer n is the index, or order, or the radical and the number a is the radicand. The
index is omitted if n = 2.
The laws of radicals are obtained directly from the laws of exponents by means of the
definition
𝑚
𝑛
√𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎 .
𝑛
n is odd:
𝑛 𝑛 7 3 3
1. ( √𝑎) = 𝑎 ( √5) = √53 = 53 = 51 = 5
7 3
( √2) = 2 3
5 5
( √2𝑥 ) = 2x
8
( 8√(−𝑥)) = x
6
𝑛 𝑛
2. √𝑎𝑏 = 𝑛√𝑎 √𝑏 √2 ∙ 3 = √2 ∙ √3
1 1 1
√15 = √3 ∙ √5 √𝑎𝑏 = (𝑎𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 ∙ 𝑏2 = √𝑎 ∙ √𝑏
(Does not work for imaginary
5 5 5 numbers under radicals).
√5𝑦 = √5 ∙ √𝑦
𝑛 4
𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎 √4 2
3. √𝑏 = 𝑛
√9 = =
√𝑏 √9 3
3 𝑎3 3 𝑎∙𝑎∙𝑎 3 𝑎 3 𝑎 3 𝑎
√ = √ = √ ∙√ ∙√
3 3
3
√3 𝑏3 𝑏∙𝑏∙𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
√ = 3 3
7 √7 𝑎 √𝑎3
= =3
8
𝑏 √𝑏3
8 𝑥 √𝑥
√𝑦 = 8
√𝑦
𝑛 𝑚 3 2
Remember that the number inside
4. √𝑎𝑚 = 𝑛√𝑎 √82 = ( 3√8)
the root is always at the bottom of
= (2)2 = 4 the fraction, and the exponent is at
(if n is even a≥ 0)
𝑥 the top. (Remember that the root is
5 5
√32𝑥 = ( √32) a cave, so it is at the bottom).
= (2)𝑥 = 2𝑥
4 8
√𝑥 8 = ( 4√𝑥 )
𝑚 𝑛
√ √𝑎 = 𝑚𝑛 Express the radical into an
5. √𝑎 3
√ 4√2 = 12√2 expression with a rational exponent
then simplify the exponent or apply
𝑛 𝑚 𝑚𝑛
5
3 15
the property √ √𝑎 = √𝑎.
√ √𝑥 = √𝑥
3
√ 7√2𝑥 = 21√2𝑥
7
Practice 1
6
1. √𝑥 6 = 𝑥
34 12
2. √ √5 = √5
3
3 4 √4
3. √5 = 3
√5
4. √40 = √4 ∙ √10
6 6
5. ( √3) = 3
Practice 2
Column A Column B
1. √79
9
a. x
3 28
11
2. √ √2 b. √5
5
3 7 √2
3. √ c. 5
64 √3
4. √48 d. 7
4
5. √162 e. 4√3
3
3 √7
6. √125𝑥 3 f. 4
3
7. √𝑥 3 g. 4
7 33
4
8. √ √5 h. √2
9. √23 i. 5x
5 2
10. √3 j. √8
8
What’s More
Match the examples in Column A to the laws of radicals in Column B. Write only
the letter of your answer.
Column A Column B
3 3
1. √112 = √121
𝑛 𝑛
a. ( √𝑎) = 𝑎
5
5 5 √5
2. √ = 5
2 √2
34 12
5. √ √7 = √7
𝑛
𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
c. √ = 𝑛
𝑏 √𝑏
3
6. √85 = 32
𝑥
𝑥 3 √3
7. √ = 𝑥
𝑦 √𝑦
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚𝑛
d. √ √𝑎 = √𝑎
75 35
8. √ √𝑥 = √𝑥
3 3
9. √8𝑥 = 2 √𝑥
𝑛 𝑛 𝑚
e. √𝑎𝑚 = ( √𝑎 )
5 5 5
10. √𝑥 5 = ( √𝑥 )
9
What I Have Learned
Choose the word that will complete the steps in the law of radicals. Choices are
written in the box below.
radicand exponential
What I Can Do
11 5𝑥 5√𝑥 4 3
√ √2 = 12√2 5
11
( √𝑦 ) =𝑦 √ =5 √33 = √3 ∙ √11 ( 5√4𝑦) = 4𝑦
𝑦 √𝑦
3 3 3 3 9 9 5 7 7 √7
√7𝑦 = √7 ∙ √𝑦 √86 = 64 ( √3) = 3 √ √3 = 35√3 √ =
11 √11
7 3 3 √3 4
√ √𝑥 = 21√𝑥 √ = √163 = 8 √28 = 2 ∙ √7 √4𝑥 4 = 2𝑥 2
81 9
10
𝑛 𝑛
1. ( √𝑎) = 𝑎
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
2. √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 √𝑏
𝑛
𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
3. √ = 𝑛
𝑏 √𝑏
𝑚
4. √ 𝑛√𝑎 = 𝑚𝑛
√𝑎
𝑛 𝑚
5. √𝑎𝑚 = ( 𝑛√𝑎 )
Assessment
A. State whether each equation is a law of radical. Write “Yes” if the equation is true,
otherwise write “No”.
𝑛 𝑚
1. ( √2) =2
𝑛 3 3𝑛
2. √ √2 = √2
11
11 11
3. √2𝑥 = √2 ∙ √𝑥
8 8
4. √23 = √8
3
3 𝑎 √𝑎
5. √𝑏 = 3
√𝑏
𝑛
a. ( 𝑛√𝑎) = 𝑎
𝑛 𝑛
b. √𝑎𝑏 = 𝑛√𝑎 √𝑏
𝑛
𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
c. √ = 𝑛
𝑏 √𝑏
𝑛 𝑚
d. √ √𝑎 =
𝑚𝑛
√𝑎
𝑛 𝑚
e. √𝑎𝑚 = ( 𝑛√𝑎 )
5 5
1. What law of radical is applicable to ( √3) = 3?
5
2. What law of radical is applicable to √2432 = 9?
3 3 3
3. What law of radical is applicable to √50 = √2 ∙ √25?
25 √25 5
4. What law of radical is applicable to √ = = ?
16 √16 4
5
5
5. What law of radical is applicable to ( √2𝑥𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦?
3 3
7. What law of radical is applicable to √64 = √43 = 4?
2 10 5
8. What law of radical is applicable to √ √𝑥 = √𝑥 ?
2
9. What law of radical is applicable to (√2) = 2?
3 3
3 4 √4 √4
10. What law of radical is applicable to √ = 3 = ?
27 √27 3
12
Additional Activities
CLASSIFY ME
Classify the different laws of radical. Write the equations into the appropriate
column.
𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛𝑎 √𝑎 𝑚 𝑛 𝑚𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑚
( √𝑎) = 𝑎 √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 √𝑏 √ = 𝑛 √ √𝑎 = √𝑎 √𝑎𝑚 = ( √𝑎 )
𝑏 √𝑏
13
7
13 √13 √13 7 𝑥 √𝑥 7
√15 = √3 ∙ √5 √9 = = √2 = 7
7
( √−3) = -3
√9 3 √2
4 3 3 33
√ 3√𝑥 = 6√𝑥 ( 4√𝑥 ) = x √3432 = 49 √2𝑥 = √2 ∙ √𝑥
3 7 5 8 8
√82 = 4 √√3 = 14√3 √324 = 16 ( √2𝑥 ) = 2x
5 2 5
√7𝑦 = √7 ∙ 5√𝑦
5
(√𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥 2 √35 = √5 ∙ √7 √ 3√5 = 15√5
1 √1 1 5 3 5𝑥 5√𝑥
√36 = = 𝑥
√ √7 = √7 5𝑥 3
√(3𝑥 )2 = √9𝑥 2 √ =5
√36 6 𝑦 √𝑦
14
15
What is It What’s New
Practice 1Practice FILL-ME-IN
1
1. Laws of Radical
2. Laws of Radical
3. Laws of Radical
4. Laws of Radical
5. Laws of Radical
Practice 2
1. d 6. i
2. h 7. a
3. f 8. b
4. e 9. j
5. g 10. c
Questions:
Students answer vary.
What’s In
What I Know
Laws of Exponent
Given Zero Negative 1. d
Product Quotient Power
Exponent Exponent 2. a
1. (𝑥 2 )3 = 𝑥 6 ♥ 3. a
4. d
2. 𝑥 0 = 1 ♥ 5. b
6. d
3. (3𝑥𝑦 5 )2 =9𝑥 2 𝑦10 ♥
7. d
4. (2𝑥)(3𝑦) = 6𝑥𝑦 ♥ 8. b
3𝑥 5 9. c
5. = 3𝑥 2 ♥
𝑥3 10. c
1
6. 𝑥 −3 = ♥ 11. a
𝑥3
12. d
13. d
14. c
15. d
Answer Key
16
Additional Activities: Assessment:
𝑚 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛𝑎 𝑛√𝑎 𝑚 A.
𝑛
√ √𝑎 = 𝑛
( 𝑛√𝑎) = a √𝑎𝑏 = 𝑛√𝑎 √𝑏 √ =𝑛 𝑛 𝑚 √𝑎𝑚 =( √𝑎) 1. No
𝑏 √𝑏 √ √𝑎
7
2. Yes
4 7 𝑥 √𝑥 3
( 4√𝑥) = x √15 = √3 ∙ √5 √2 = 7 √ 3√𝑥 = 6√𝑥 √3432 = 49 3. No
√2
4. Yes
7 7 3 3 3 13 √13 √13 7 3
(√−3) = -3 √2𝑥 = √2 ∙ √𝑥 √ = = √√3 = 14√3 √82 = 4 5. Yes
9 √9 3
5
8 8 5 𝑥 √𝑥 5 5
3 15 B.
(√2𝑥) = 2x √35 = √5 ∙ √7 √𝑦 = 5 √ √5 = √5 √324 = 16
√𝑦
1. a
3
2 5 5 1 √1 1 5 √(3𝑥)2 2. e
ቀ√𝑥 2 ቁ = 𝑥 2 √7𝑦 = √7 ∙ 5√𝑦 √ = = √ 𝑥√7 = 5𝑥√7 3 3. b
36 √36 6 = √9𝑥 2 4. c
5. a
6. e
Note: Arrangement does not matter
7. a
8. d
9. a
10. c
What I Can Do What I Have What’s
Learned More
11
( 11√𝑦) =𝑦
𝑛 9 9 1. exponential 1. e
1. ( 𝑛√𝑎) = 𝑎 (√3) = 3 2. radicand
5
2. c
5
(√4𝑦 ) = 4𝑦
3. b
√33 = √3 ∙ √11
4. a
𝑛 𝑛
2. √𝑎𝑏 = 𝑛√𝑎 √𝑏 √28 = 2 ∙ √7
5. d
3 3
√7𝑦 = √7 ∙ 3√𝑦 6. e
3 √3 7. c
√ =
81 9
8. d
𝑛
𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎 7 √7 9. b
3. √ = 𝑛 √ =
𝑏 √𝑏 11 √11
10. e
5
5 𝑥 √𝑥
√ =5
𝑦 √𝑦
4 3
√ √2 = 12√2
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚𝑛
4. √ √𝑎 = √𝑎 7
√ 3√𝑥 = 21√𝑥
5 7
√ √3 = 35√3
3
𝑛 𝑛 𝑚 √86 = 64
5. √𝑎𝑚 = ( √𝑎 ) 4
√163 = 8
√4𝑥 4 = 2𝑥 2
Note: Arrangement does not matter
References
Bryant, M., Bulalayao, L., Callanta, M., Cruz, J., De Vera, R., Garcia, G., Javier, S.,
Lazaro, R., Mesterio, B. and Saladino, R., 2014. Mathematics Learner's Material 9.
1st ed. Department of Education, pp.251-255.
Kotobee. 2020. Lesson 1: Derive The Laws Of Radical. [online] Available at:
<https://support.kotobee.com/en/support/discussions/topics/8000012983>
[Accessed 14 October 2020].
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