Consolidation IV

A. Language
Q.1: Write sentences containing the words 'hanged' and 'hung'.

Ans: Hanged- A long time ago, a house maid is rumored to have hanged herself on the upper
floor of the hotel.

Hung- The keys hung on the wall beside the door.

Q.2: Explain the difference between the verbs 'to lay' and 'to lie'.

Ans: The difference between the verbs 'to lay' and 'to lie' is:

Lay means "to place something down flat," while lie means "to be in a flat position on a
surface." The key difference is that lay is transitive and requires an object to act upon, and lie is
intransitive, describing something moving on its own or already in position.

Q.3: Rewrite this sentence correctly:

He wasn't friendly like he was before.

Ans: He wasn't friendly as he was before.

Q.4: Write a sentence beginning 'The reason why...'

Ans: The reason why he went to the police was that he was afraid.

Q.5: Rewrite this sentence correctly:

The plumber came early so as he could get on with the job.

Ans: The plumber came early so that he could get on with the job.

Q.6: Explain which of the following is correct:

He is older than I.

He is older than me.

Ans: "He is older than I." is correct. "Than" is a conjunction, not a preposition. Therefore, it does
not govern pronouns in their objective case.

Q.7: When do we use 'who' and when do we use 'whom'?

Ans: 'Who' is the subjective form of the relative pronoun: 'whom' is the objective form.
Therefore when we have the word used as the object or governed by a preposition, the form
we need is 'whom'.

Q.8: When do we use 'who' and when do we use 'which'?

Ans: We use 'who' when we are referring to a person, while 'which' (also a relative pronoun) is
used when we are referring to groups or things.

Q.9: Write a sentence containing the word 'whom'.

Ans: A sentence containing the word 'whom' is:

There is the girl whom I saw on the station.

Q.10: What is a figure of speech?

Ans: Figures of speech is the general name applied to particular ways in which words can be
used to give emphasis, variety or vividness to writing or speech.

Q.11: What is a simile?

Ans: A simile is a figure of speech in which two objects which have a particular quality in
common are compared.

Q.12: Give three examples of similes.

Ans: Three examples of similes are:

i) Her hair was like silk.

ii) They fought like cats and dogs.

iii) This house is as clean as a whistle.

Q.13: What is a metaphor.

Ans: A metaphor is a compressed simile. A metaphor is a comparison in which we say that one
thing is something else which in literal fact it cannot be.

Q.14: Give three examples of metaphors.

Ans: Three examples of metaphors are:

i) Laughter is the music of the soul.

 ii) The world is a stage.

iii) Her lovely voice was music to his ears.

Q.15: What is personification?

Ans: Personification is a particular kind of metaphor in which an inanimate object or an animal

or an emotion is regarded as having the qualities of a human being.

Q.16: Give three examples of personification.

Ans: Three examples of personification are:

i) Lightning danced across the sky.

ii) The wind howled in the night.

iii) My alarm clock yells at me to get out of bed every morning.

Q.17: Explain what irony is.

Ans: Irony is a device whereby we say the opposite of what we mean or something different
from what we mean in order to make our real meaning more emphatic.

Q.18: Give an example of irony.

Ans: An example of irony is:

I posted a video on YouTube about how boring and useless YouTube is.

B. Vocabulary
Q.1: What do the suffixes '-er' and '-or' indicate?

Ans: The suffixes '-er' and '-or' indicate the agent, that is, the person who has to do with or is
performing the action of the root to which the suffix is attached.

Q.2: Give five examples of words ending in '-er' and five examples of words ending in '-or'.

Ans: Five examples of words ending in '-er' and five examples of words ending in '-or' are:

"-Er" "-Or"

i) gardener i) editor

ii) plumber ii) terror

 iii) computer iii) sailor

iv) master iv) mentor

v) number v) humor

Q.3: What is a stevedore?

Ans: Stevedore is a person employed at a dock to load and unload ships.

Q.4: Use the expression 'to take pains' in a sentence.

Ans: People who are willing to take pains are Successful

Q.5: What does 'to burn the midnight oil' mean?

Ans: 'To burn the midnight oil' means to read or work late into the night.

Q.6: What is a philanthropist?

Ans: a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of
money to good causes.

Q.7: What does the prefix 'phil' mean?

Ans: 'Phil' is a Greek prefix meaning lover of, friend of.

Q.8: Give three words beginning with 'phil' and explain what they mean.

Ans: Three words beginning with 'phil' are:

i) philosophy- a theory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behaviour.

ii) philology- the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical
development, and relationships of a language or languages.

iii) philately- the collection and study of postage stamps.

Q.9: Explain the difference in meaning between 'judical' and 'judicious'.

Ans: Judicial means relating to a judge, to a legal court system, or to the judiciary: “The criminal
has been sent to judicial remand for ten days.” Judicious, on the other hand, means showing
sound judgment: “We should be judicious in our selection of friends.”

Q.10: Use the words 'later' and 'latter' in sentences.

Ans: Later- A few minutes later he walked down the hallway.

Latter- She liked the latter plan much better.

Q.11: What is the difference between 'libel' and 'slander'.

Ans: The difference between 'libel' and 'slander' is:

Libel refers to written defamatory statements; slander refers to oral statements.

Q.12: What is a skirmish?

Ans: Skirmish is an episode of irregular or unpremeditated fighting, especially between small or

outlying parts of armies or fleets.

Q.13: What does 'a war of nerves' mean?

Ans: 'A war of nerves' is a conflict in which the opposing sides try to make each other feel less
confident.

Q.14: Use the expression 'on the warpath' in a sentence.

Ans: The survival programme may have ended but animal rights activists are still on the
warpath.

Q.15: What is the difference in meaning between 'negligent' and 'negligible'?

Ans: As adjectives the difference between negligent and negligible; is that negligent is careless,
without appropriate or sufficient attention while negligible is able to be ignored or excluded
from consideration; too small or unimportant to be of concern.

Q.16: Use the words 'official' and 'officious' in sentences.

Ans: Official- A company official responded to our request

Officious- Because Cory is the boss’s son, he thinks he can stick his officious nose into
everybody’s business without fear of consequences.

C. Spelling
Q.1 Write down five words ending in '-er'.

Ans: Five words ending in '-er' are:

i) manufacturer
 ii) tranquilizer

iii) mother

iv) father

v) grandfather

Q.2: Write down five words ending in '-or'.

Ans: Five words ending in '-or' are:

i) distributor

ii) predecessor

iii) commentator

iv)misdemeanor

v) denominator

Q.3: Write down the word formed by adding '-ous' to 'humour'.

Ans: The word formed by adding '-ous' to 'humour' is: 'humourous'.

Q.4: Write down the word formed by adding '-ous' to the word 'glamour'.

Ans: The word formed by adding '-ous' to the word 'glamour' is: 'glamourous'.

Q.5: A person who is in favour is called a --

Ans: A person who is in favour is called a - Favourer.

Q.6: Someone who lacks humour is said to be --

Ans: Someone who lacks humour is said to be - Humourless.

Q.7: Write down the word meaning 'full of valour'.

Ans: The word meaning 'full of valour' is : Valorous.

Q.8: Write down ten words containing the letter 'j'.

Ans: Ten words containing the letter 'j' are:

i) joint
 ii) jacket

iii) joke

iv) jot

v) jockey

vi) job

vii) January

viii) rejoice

ix) jog

x) jug

Q.9: Write down ten words ending in '-age'.

Ans: Ten words ending in '-age' are:

i) advantage

ii) shrinkage

iii) repackage

iv) language

v) coverage

vi) leverage

vii) average

viii) village

ix) storage

x) voltage

Q.10: Write down ten words containing the letters 'dge'.

Ans: Ten words containing the letters 'dge' are:

i) badger
 ii) trudge

iii) ridge

iv) hedge

v) fudge

vi) ledge

vii) cadge

viii) lodger

ix) dredge

x) budget

Q.11: Make a list of the different kinds of words which require a capital letter.

Ans: Sir for you.

Q.12: Rewrite this sentence correctly punctuated:

the lord mayor of the city of london boarded a barge to take him down the river thames.

Ans: The Lord Mayor of the city of London, boarded a barge to take him down the river,
Thames.