ĐẢO NGỮ

I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA
Câu đảo ngữ là một câu trần thuật bình thường nhưng đảo trợ động từ hoặc động từ lên
trước
chủ ngữ.
Ex: Seldom do I listen to Rock music.
❖ Một số loại câu nhấn mạnh dùng đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh thường gặp:
• too/so
Ex: He is tall → I am, too = So am I.
• Either/neither:
Ex: He isn’t tall→ I am not, either = Neither am I.
• Nor = neither:
Ex: I don’t like him → Nor do I = Neither do I.
I don’t like him, nor do I hate him.
II. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NO/NOT
No + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf).
Not any + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb (inf).
Ex: I won’t lend you any money from now on.
=> Not any/No money will I lend you from now on.
Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy.
III. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC TRẠNG NGỮ PHỦ ĐỊNH
Các trạng từ phủ định dùng trong câu đảo ngữ: never, rarely, seldom, little, hardly ever.
• Rarely:
Ex: I have rarely seen such a beautiful building as Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia.
=> Rarely have I seen such a beautiful building as Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia.
• Seldom:
Ex: I seldom go to school late.
=> Seldom do I go to school late.
• Hardly ever:
Ex: He hardly ever speaks in the public.
=> Hardly ever does he speak in the public.
• Never:
Ex: She has never seen such a beautiful house in her life.
=> Never in her life has she seen such a beautiful picture.
This is the first time I have seen such an interesting film.
=> Never before have I seen such an interesting film.
IV. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI ONLY
• Only once:
Ex: Only once have I met her.
• Only later:
ĐẢO NGỮ

Ex: Only a week later did we realize what had happened.

• Only in this/that way:
Ex: Only in this way can we succeed.
• Only then:
Ex: Only then did I realize that I had left my purpose at home.
• Only when + clause, (inv):
Ex: Only when I arrived at the airport, did I realize that I had left my passport at home.
• Only if + clause:
Ex: Only if you practice English at least 2 hours a day can you master it.
• Only after + Noun/V-ing/clause:
Ex: Only after a twelve hour-wait, did my flight leave.
Only after posting the letter, did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.
• Only by + noun/V-ing:
Ex: Only by practicing English at least 2 hours a day can you master it.
• Only with + Noun:
Ex: Only with a big sum of money can you buy a house in Hanoi.
• Only in + adverb of time/place:
Ex: Only in April is there this kind of flower.
V. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC CỤM TỪ CÓ “NO”
• At no time:
Ex: The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
=> At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.
He never suspected that she was a witch.
=> At no time did he suspect that she was a witch.
• On no account:
Ex: You mustn’t touch the switch on any account.
=> On no account must you touch the switch.
• On no condition:
Ex: On no condition shall we accept their proposal.
• Under/In no circumstances:
Ex: The money is not to be paid under any circumstances.
=> Under no circumstances is the money to be paid.
• For no reason:
Ex: For no reason must you play truant.
• In no way:
Ex: The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.
=> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers' lost property.
• No longer:
Ex: He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day.
=> No longer does he smoke 20 cigarettes a day.
ĐẢO NGỮ

PRACTICE: (chữa trong video)

Ex 1. Rewrite the sentence
1. A country can’t be prosperous if it’s not quite independent.
=> Only when __________________________.
2. You can drive a car only after you obtain a driving licence.
=> Only after ___________________________.
3. He never suspected that money had been stolen.
=> At no time ___________________________.
4. Our neighbour hasn’t once invited us into his home.
=> Not once ____________________________.
5. I have never been to Japan before.
=> Never ______________________________.
Ex 2. Choose the best answer
1. Only when he started working with her, ________________ that she was intelligent
A. he had realize B, did he realize
C. he did realize D. he realized
2. Rarely _________ such a wonderful child.
A. I have seen B. I had seen
C. I saw D. have I seen
3. John can solve this problem and ______.
A. Jeam do, too B. Jeam does either
C. So does Jeam D. Neither does Jeam
4. No longer____any pleasure to do this job.
A. I do have B. do I have
C. do have I D. I have
5. __________ has the work been so easy.
A. Never B. only by
C. When D. For
6. Seldom___________ a newspaper.
A. buys Anna B. does Anna buy
C. bought Anna D. Anna does buy
7. For no reason ___________.
A. you can tell lies B. you tell lies
C. can you tell lies D can you tells lies.
8. ______ it started to snow, did he realize that he missed the sunny weather so much.
A. Only later B. Only when
C. Only D. Only in this way
9. Not once ____ into her eyes.
A. he looked B. does he looks
C. did he look D. he was looking
ĐẢO NGỮ

10. Never in my life ________ anyone drinking as much as you.

A. have I seened B. have I seen
C. did I seen D. was I seen
VI. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “NO SOONER…THAN;
HARDLY/BARELY/SCARCELY…THAN”
No sooner + had + S + P2 + than + clause
Hardly
Barely + had + S + P2 + when+ clause
Scarcely
Ex: 1. I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang.
=> No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang.
2. I had hardly arrived home when the phone rang.
=> Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.
3. She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents.
=> No sooner had she put up her umbrella than the rain came down in torrents.
4. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
=> Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her.
VII. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “NOT UNTIL”
Not until/till ( then/later)
Not until/till + Clause + Au + S + V
Ex: He couldn’t speak until he was 8
=> Not until he was 8, could he speak
= It was not until he was 8 that he could speak.
VIII. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO”
Not only + Au + S+ V, but….also…
Not only + tobe + S + N/adj, but…also
Ex: He is not only good at English but he can also draw very well.
=> Not only is he good at English but he can also draw very well.
IX. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “NOWHERE”
Nowhere + Auxi + S + V
Ex: You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones.
=> Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones.
- Nowhere do I feel as comfortable as I do at home.
X. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI SO/SUCH
1. Đảo ngữ với So
ĐẢO NGỮ

So + adj/adv + Au + S + that + clause

Ex: He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch.
=> So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch.
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
=> So popular is the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
2. Đảo ngữ với Such:
Such + Be + Noun + that + clause
Ex: She is so beautiful that I can’t take my eyes off her.
=> Such is her beauty that I can’t take my eyes off her.
Her grief is so great that she almost fainted.
=> Such is her grief that she almost fainted.
XI. ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG CÂU ĐIỀU KIÊN ̣
1. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại I.
If+ S + (should)+ V, S + will + V.inf
=> Should + S + V.inf, S + will + V.inf
Ex: If he comes, I’ll call the police.
=> Should he come, I’ll call the police.
2. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại II
• Câu có động từ tobe:
Ex: If I were you, I wouldn't do that.
=> Were I you, I wouldn't do that.
• Câu dùng động từ thường:
If S + V.ed, S + would + V.inf
=> Were + S + to V.inf, S+ would + V.inf
Ex: If I knew Portuguese, I’d speak to Ronando.
=> Were I to know Portuguese, I’d speak to Ronando.
3. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại III
If S + were + …, S + would + V.inf
=> Were + S + …, S+ would + V.inf

If + S + had P2, S + would have P2

=> Had + S + P2, S + would have P2
Ex: If he had trained hard, he would have won the match.
=> Had he trained hard, he would have won the match
ĐẢO NGỮ

Lưu ý: Với những câu điều kiện phủ định, khi đảo ngữ ta để NOT sau chủ ngữ.
Ex: If I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
=> Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
XI. ĐẢO NGỮ SAU CÁC CỤM TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ PHƯƠNG HƯỚNG VÀ VỊ TRÍ
Khi câu bắt đầu bằng một cụm trạng từ, đặc biệt là trạng từ chỉ phương hướng và vị trí thì
nội
động từ thường được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ. Cách đảo ngữ này được sử dụng đặc biệt
trong
văn phong trang trọng hoặc văn chương.
(Place) + V + S
Ex: Here comes the train.
Above the fireplace was a portrait of Lenin.
On the table sat the cat.
Up went the price.
In an armchair sat his mother.
Lưu ý:
• Động từ TOBE thường được sử dụng trong dạng đảo ngữ này, ngoài ra ta còn dùng các
động từ chuyển động như “climb, come, fly, go, hang, lie, run, sit, stand...”
• Thường chỉ dùng dạng đảo ngữ này khi động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn giản.
• Trong trường hợp đảo ngữ này, không sử dụng trợ động từ như trong câu hỏi mà dùng
trực
tiếp động từ đặt trước chủ ngữ.
• Không thực hiện đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là đại từ.
PRACTICE
Choose the best answer
1. On the hill _____________ .
A. does a big pine tree stand B. a big pine tree stands
C. stands a big pine tree. D. a big pine tree stand
2. _________, a large area of sea would be contaminated.
A. Did the chemical to leak B. Were the chemical leak
C. Were the chemical to leak D. Should the chemical leak
3. ________ an emergency arise, dial 999.
A. Had B. Only when
C. Should D. Need
4. Hardly had we turned on the TV _______ the electricity went out.
A. than B. when
C. after D. that
5. Such a soft voice __________ that everyone likes her.
ĐẢO NGỮ

A. she has B. does she has

C. she have D. does she have
6. Were the government _______ interest rates, they would lose the election.
A. to raise B. raised
C. raising D. raise
7. Down _____________ for three days.
A. the rain poured B. did the rain pour
C. poured the rain D. do the rain pour
8. __________ Henry, I might not have met you.
A. Had it not for B. Hadn’t it for
C. Had it not been for D. Hadn’t it been for
9. So heavy _______ that all the trains had to be cancelled.
A. were the snowfall B. was the snowfall
C. the snowfall was D. did the snowfall be
10. No sooner ______ than they started to argued.
A. has they got married B. did they got married
C. had they got married D. had they got marry
11. Not until it was too late _________ to call Sue.
A. did I remember B. I remember
C. do I remember D. that I remembered
12. Scarcely had Alan arrived in Mexico _______ he was arrested.
A. until B. also
C. when D. than
13. Not until he got home __________ that he had lost the key
A. did he realize B. does he realize
C. he realized D. he realizes
14. _________ had we left the house than it exploded.
A. Hardly B. No sooner
C. Not until D. Only when
15. Not until _______ did he feel healthy again.
A. Andrew stops smoking B. does Andrew stop smoking
C. Andrew stopped smoking D. did Andrew stop smoking
1. Never _________ me again.
A. will she love B. she loves
C. she won't loved D. she will love
2. Not only _________ but she is also very intelligent.
A. she is beautiful B. beautiful she is
C. is she beautiful D. beautiful is she
3. No sooner _________ out than it rained.
ĐẢO NGỮ

A. did I go B. I went
C. had I gone D. I had gone
4. Seldom _________ the guitar.
A.he plays B. does he play
C. he doesn't play D. he does play
5. Hardly _________ a word whether son came back.
A. couldn't she say B. she could say
C. she couldn't say D. could she say
6. Often _________ a meeting.
A. do we have B. we do have
C. have we D. we have
7. Many a time _________ he wants to marry me.
A. said he B. he said
C. has he said D. he has said
8. Only at weekend _________ my kids to Water Park.
A. I don't take B. do I take
C. I take D. I do take
9. So old _________ that she couldn't dance.
A. she wasn't B. she was
C. wasn't she D. was she
10. _________ here yesterday, you would have met me.
A.Were you B. You were
C. Had you been D. You had been
11. On the battle field _________.
A. the tanks did lie B. the tanks lay
C. did the tanks lie D. lay the tanks.
12. At no time _________ greater opportunities.
A. did women had B. has women had
C. does women have D. have women had
13. Not once _________ into her eyes.
A. he looked B. does he looked
C. did he look D. looked he
14. _________ has the work been so easy.
A. Never B. Only by
C. When D. For
15. Nowhere _________ such cooperative staff.
A.you can find B. you found
C. you could find D. can you find
16. Only once _________ late to school.
A. he came B. did he came
ĐẢO NGỮ

C. came he D. did he come

17. Never before _________ in an earnest attempt to resolve their differences.
A. have the leaders of these two countries met
B. the leaders of these two countries have met
C. have the leaders of these two countries meet
D. met the leaders of these two countries
18. Not only _________ at the post office, _________ at the grocery store.
A. does Mary work/but she also works
B. works Mary/but she also works
C. does Mary work/but does she also work
D. works Mary/but does she also work
19. Seldom _________ a newspaper.
A. buys Anna B. does Anna buy
C. bought Anna D. Anna does buy
20. No sooner _________ the house than the phone started to ring.
A. had she entered B. she had entered
C. entered she D. had entered she
21. Only by saving money _________ a house.
A. he buys B. he can buy
C. can he buy D. buy she
22. Not even once _________ the truth.
A. he tells B. he tell
C. tells he D. has he told
23.Not until _________, does it begin to exhibit signs of independence from its mother.
A. a monkey is several years old B. is a monkey several years old
C. did a monkey several years old D. do a monkey be several years old
24. No sooner _________ than he begins to be washed.
A. is a human being born B. was a human being born
C. a human being born D. a human being had been born
25. Not only _________ beautiful but she is graceful as well.
A. did she B. she was
C. is she D. she is
26. Seldom _________ treated like that.
A. I have been B. am I
C. I am D. I had been
27. Over there _________ the shop that sells souvenirs.
A. is B. are
C. has D. have
28. Never before _________ such a disaster.
A. they suffer B. they have suffered
ĐẢO NGỮ

C. have they suffered D. they had suffered

29. Only if I had known the difference, _________ the more expensive car.
A. would I bought B. I would have bought
C. would I buy D. would I have bought
30. No longer _________ any pleasure to do this job
A. I do have B. do I have
C. do have I D. I have
31. Only once a day _________ home.
A. does Mary leave B. left Mary
C. Mary leaves D. will Mary left
32. Out _____ when the bell rang.
A. did the children run B. ran the children
C. run the children D. do the children run
33. Many a time _________ this mistake.
A. he makes B. he has made
C. has he made D. will he make
34. Nowhere else _________.
A.they can go B. can they go
C. they can't go D. can't they go
35. Never _________ the exact cause of earthquakes.
A. scientists have discovered B. did scientists discover
C. do scientists discover D. have scientists discovered
36. Only when at home, _________ her children.
A. does she scold B. she scolds
C. has she scolded D. she has scolded
37. Not a penny _________ me.
A. did he give B. he gave
C. he has given D. he has gave
38. No longer _________ women bear a lot of children.
A. does B. did
C. doing D. do
39. Among them _________ several sacks of white flour.
A. was B. is
C. be D. are
40. On a hill in front of them _________ a great castle.
A. standing B. stands
C. to stand D. stood
41. "This store has such high prices."
"I agree. Never again _________ here.“
A. I will shop B. will I shop
ĐẢO NGỮ

C. I do shop D. shop I
42. "Is this machine often in need of repair?"
"No, _________ problems to arise.”
A. seldom don't we expect B. we expect seldom
C. seldom we expect D. seldom do we expect
43. "I can't see the stage very well from here."
“_________”
A. Neither can't I B. Neither I can
C. I can't neither D. Neither can I
44. "This is one of the oldest trees in the world."
“_________ such a big tree.“
A. Never I have seen B. I haven't never seen
C. Never have I seen D. I have seen never
45. Not until the early 1900s, _________ to vote in the united States.
A. women were allowed B. were women allowed
C. they allowed women D. when women were allowed
46. Only recently _________ a favourite sport in the United Stales.
A. has jogging become B. has become jogging
C. when jogging became D. as jogging has become
47. "What happened to Jean' new car?"
"No sooner _________ it than someone ran into her.”
A. had she bought B. she bought
C. did she bought D. she had bought
48. _________ a higher concentration of people than in Tokyo and Mexico City.
A. Nowhere there is B. Nowhere there is
C. Nowhere is there D. Nowhere there ins't
49. _________ did Jerome accept the job.
A. Only because it was interesting work, B. Because it was an interesting work,
C. Only because it was interested work, D. The work was interesting,
50. "I would like to apply for the sales position you advertised"
"I'm sorry. No longer _________ applications for that position.”
A. are taking we B. we are taking
C. are we taking D. we taking
51. "Did you like your trip to Niagara Falls?"
"It was beautiful. Hardly ever _________ such a spectacular sight.”
A. can see you B. can you see
C. see you D. you can see
52. "Can children swim in this pool?"
"Yes. However, at no time _________ alone.”
A. shouldn't they swim B. they should swim
ĐẢO NGỮ

C. should swim they D. should they swim

53. Only during the early twentieth century, _________ in the United States.
A. liquor was prohibited then B. that liquor was prohibited
C. when liquor was prohibited D. was liquor prohibited.
54. "I don't like this tossed salad very well."
"Nor _________.”
A. I do B. I do either
C. do I D. I like it either
55. Not only _________, but he also plays the piano and writes his own songs.
A. does Billy Joel sing B. Billy Joel sings
C. If Billy Joel sings D. what Billy Joel sings.
56. Nowhere _________ more prevalent than in warm, swampy places.
A. mosquitoes are B. mosquitoes is
C. are mosquitoes D. is mosquitoes
57. Only when the ground is kept moist _________ germinate.
A. grass seeds will B. will grass seeds
C. grass seeds does D. does grass seeds
58. Not until Columbus discovered America _________ to Europe.
A. was bananas brought B. bananas were brought
C. were bananas brought D. bananas was brought
59. Never again _________ Greta Garbo appear in films after his retirement in the forties.
A. was B. do
C. is D. did
60. Rarely _________ professional boxers remain active beyond the age thirty-five.
A. do B. did
C. are D. were