INFINITIVE

A) Verbos seguidos por TO + INFINITIVO:

manage hope refuse threaten afford used to want

agree seem promise Agree Appear Ask Beg
Claim Choose Dare Decide Deserve Expect Fail
Forget Help Learn Mean Need Offer Plan
Prepare Promise Try Wait Want Would like

Ejemplos: - She can't afford to buy a new car.

- He decided to go to the river.
- I hope to learn to swim.

B) TO + INFINITIVO se usa:

1.- Para expresar propósito.

Ej: I went to England to study English.

2.- Despues de ciertos adjetivos: pleased, glad, happy, lucky, surprised, ...
Ej: I was pleased to see them again.

3.- Despues de ciertos nombres y pronombres para mostrar lo que se hace con ellos o
como tienen que usarse.
Ej: I've got some homework to do .

C ) VERBO + OBJECTO + TO + INFINITIVO: Algunos verbos llevan un objeto obligatorio

entre el verbo principal y el infinitivo.

force oblige order cause challenge

invite teach tell warn

Ej: - He told me to wait outside

- The government oblige everyone to wear seat belts.

D ) EL INFINITIVO SIN TO :

1.- Despues de verbos modales auxiliares (can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, may,
might, etc)
Ej: - It may rain tomorrow.

2.- Despues de MAKE y LET + Nombre / Pronombre.

Ej: - He made me do it.

- We let them go to the cinema.
 GERUNDIO
A) El GERUNDIO se puede utilizar como un nombre, así que puede ser el sujeto de una
oración.

Ej: - Smoking is bad for you.

B ) Verbos seguidos por un GERUNDIO:

consider *love suggest finish keep(continue) *hate miss

fancy give up imagine feel like *prefer enjoy Can't bear
Can't help Can't stand Continue Deny Discuss Dislike
Enjoy Forget Go on It's no good It's no worth Like
Look forward to Regret Remember Stop Understand Be/get used to

Ej: - You must give up smoking.

- When you finish doing the exercise come here.
- I enjoy swimming in the sea.

(* Puedes encontrar estos verbos con TO + INFINITIVO con un significado similar)

C ) Un verbo siguiendo a una PREPOSICIÓN siempre irá en GERUNDIO.

Ej: - We thought about going to Galicia for the weekend.

- I'm interested in hearing more about your offer.

D ) Usaremos el GERUNDIO despues de estas expresiones:

- CAN'T HELP: - I can't help thinking about the accident.

- CAN'T STAND: - I can't stand eating this soup.
- IT'S NO USE: - It's no use trying to persuade me.
- IT'S NO GOOD: - It's no good playing with guns.
- IT'S WORTH: - I think it's worth trying.
- DON'T MIND: - I don't mind looking after the children.
- WOULDN'T MIND:
- BE USED TO: - I'm used to reading a book a day.
- LOOK FORWARD TO: - I'm looking forward to seeing you.
 GERUNDIO O INFINITIVO
A) 1.- REMEMBER
2.- FORGET + -ING se refiee a cosas que sucedieron antes.
3.- STOP
4.- GO ON + INFINITIVE se refiere a cosas que sucedieron despues.
5.- REGRET
Ej: 1.- I don't remember playing in the garden.
Remember to go to the post office.
2.- I'll never forget playing in this garden.
Don't forget to give me my letters.
3.- I must stop smoking.
I was driving and I stopped to smoke.
4.- The children went on playing in the garden.
When he finished the teacher went on to explain it
5.- I regret telling what I said.
I regret to tell you that we can't offer you employment.

B) LIKE + -ING = enjoy Ej: I like walking in the rain.

+ INFINITIVE = elegir hacer; tener un hábito; creer que es correcto.

Ej: I didn't like to disturb you.

C) ALLOW + -ING = Cuando no hay un objeto que se refiera a personas.

ADVISE
FORBID + INFINITIVO = Cuando sí que lo hay.
PERMIT
Ej: - We don't allow smoking.
- We don't allow people to smoke.
- I advised taking the car.
- I advised you to take the car.

D) SEE + -ING = Cuando observamos parte de la acción.

WATCH
HEAR + INFINITIVO sin TO = Cuando observamos toda la acción,
desde el principio hasta el final.
Ej: - I heard the boy telling the story.
- I heard the boy tell the whole story.

E) TRY + - ING = Hacer un experimento; hacer algo para ver qué sucede.
+ INFINITIVO = Hacer un esfuerzo; intento para hacer algo dificil.
Ej: - I tried sending her flowers
- Please, try to understand.
F) BEGIN + - ING
START + INFINITIVO No existe una diferencia real de significado.
* Pero nunca se pone - ING detras de una forma continua.
Ej: I was beginning to get angry.
* Begin / Start + understand y realize siempre toman el infinitivo.
Ej: I begin to understand.
 GERUNDS OR INFINITIVES ( EXERCISES).
A ) Complete the sentences using the -ING form of the verbs below.(Hein. rojo p.131 ej. 83A)

do have listen play be read go not make borrow swim drive

1.- I enjoy................................to the radio in the mornings.

2.- I'll lend you the book when I've finished ....................................it.
3.- Do you ever go ...........................................in the sea ?.
4.- They suggested............................................dinner in an Indian restaurant.
5.- Robert gave up............................................football years ago.
6.- The man admitted........................................the car dangerously.
7.- I really don't mind............................................the housework.
8.- I didn't feel like.................................................out last night, so I stayed at home.
9.- Would you mind.................................................so much noise ?. I'm trying to study.
10.- I normally try to avoid....................................................money.
11.- Since she moved from London, she misses............................................able to see all her
friends there.

B) Robert is talking about the day he bought a second-hand car. Complete Robert's story
using the INFINITIVE form of the verbs in the boxes. (Hein. rojo, pag. 133, ej. 84A)
buy be not like have test-drive

'When I got to the garage, I managed .............................a quick look at the car before the salesman
came out of his office. It seemed..............................................in very good condition and was worth
about $1000, although the garage was asking $1400 for it. When the salesman came out, I
arranged...................................the car straight away. The salesman and I got in and we drove off. I
liked the car immediately and I decided that I wanted.............................it, but, of course, I didn't say
this to the salesman. Instead, I pretended........................................the car very much .'

try get accept pay

'When we had finished the test-drive and had pulled up outside the garage, I told the salesman that
I couldn't afford.................................more than $750. The salesman, of course,
refused..............................................such a miserable little offer. He told me that he
expected.................................................at least $1200 for the car. I tried offering $800, $850, $875,
but he wouldn't change his mind. Then I decided.........................................something different.'

give be sell accept

' I thanked the salesman politely, said goodbye, got out of the car and started to walk away. It
worked!. The salesman got out of the car too and hurried after me. He told me that he
wanted......................................fair and was prepared..................................a reasonable offer for the
car. In the end, he agreed........................................it to me for $1000. He even
agreed........................................me $200 for my old car !.

C) Put the verbs into the correct form: the -ING form or the INFINITIVE with TO. (Hein. rojo,
pag. 136, ej. 86C)
1.- She doesn't allow anyone...........................................(drive) her car.
2.,- She doesn't allow..............................................(smoke) in her car.
3.- He's always encouraged me .............................................(have) confidence in myself.
4.- I'd recommend you...............................................(see) the film.
5.- I wouldn't recommend....................................................(drive) through the city centre now.
6.- What would you advise me.......................................(do)?.
7.- I wouldn't advise.....................................(tell) anyone what's happened.
D) Put the verbs into the correct form. Sometimes two answers are possible. (Hein. rojo,pag. 138,
ej 87A)
1.- I quite enjoy...............................................(drive) at night.
2.- Do you like ..................................................(get up) early?.
3.- Would you like...............................................(listen ) to some music?.
4.- Simon and Sally have started...............................................(cook) the dinner.
5.- I prefer........................................(windsurf) to .........................................(sail).
6.- I'd prefer.....................................(walk) home rather than..................................(go) by taxi.
7.- My sister loves.............................................(go) shopping.
8.- I'd love................................................(visit) Australia one day.
9.- My brother hates.....................................(have to) work at weekends.
10.- Do you like............................................(play) chess?.
11.- I try to look after my car. I like..............................(take) it to the garage to be serviced regularly.
12.- Shh!. The orchestra is starting............................................(play).

E) Put the verbs in brackets into the -ING form or the TO INFINITIVE. ( Hein. rojo,pag. 139, ej. 88A, B, C)

1.- "I introduced you to Sue last month." - "Really?. I don't remember......................(meet) her."
2.- If you see Martin, remember....................................(say) hello from me.
3.- "Did you remember......................................(post) those letters I gave you yesterday?.
4.- Please remember..............................................(lock) the front door when you go out. And don't
forget..................................(close) all the windows.
5.- "I've got a headache." - "Why don't you try...........................................(take) some aspirin?.
6.- I'll try...........................................(come) to the meeting, but I'm not sure if I'll be able to.
7.- If you get hiccups, you should try.........................................(drink) a glass of water. If that
doesn't work, try ......................................(hold) your breath.
8.- You can borrow my camera, but please try.........................................(be) careful with it.
9.- "This soup doesn't taste very good." - Try.................................(put) in some more salt."
10.- Could you stop........................................(work) for a moment ?. I'd like............................ ...
(speak) to you.
11.- He went on.........................................(make) a noise even though I'd asked him to stop.
12.- She started by talking about her job. Then she went on......................................(tell) me about
her family.
13.- He stopped reading....................................(ask) me a question.
14.- I regret...................................(not learn) to play a musical instrument when I was younger.

F) Put the verb in the gerund or in the infinitive. (Grammar Practice for Intermediate Students, pag 123).

1.- .........................................is really good fun. (fly)

2.- We stopped in the motorway services......................(get) something..................(eat).
3.- "What's this for?" - "It's for........................................(cook) vegetables."
4.- I can't get used to............................................(get up) before the dawn.
5.- I'm sorry about.................................................(not invite) you.
6.- There's a lot of work............................................(do) on the new building.
7.- I really love..............................................(play) with the children.
8.- ...................................(swim) is a good form of exercise.
9.- There are some very interesting things.............................(see) in the British Museum.
10.- You're lucky you haven't got a child..............................................(look after).
11.- We managed............................(pass) the exam by.................................(copy) each
other's answers.
12.- Dave decided..................................(not phone) Sheila for a week or two.
13.- I can't stand...................................(do) the washing up.
14.- I think I'm going to have to give up............................................(play) football.
15.- It really is time...............................................(go).
16.- I've decided...........................................(not stay) here for another year.
17.- I know the keys are here: I remember..............................(put them down) somewhere.
18.- We were getting tired, so we stopped.........................................(have) lunch.
19.- I tried........................................(add) some salt, but it didn't help.
20.- I'm looking forward to......................................(see) the programme.
21.- I went home......................................(check) that the children were alright.
22.- You're much too young.........................................(go) in there.
23.- I was surprised...............................................(not hear) about the new baby.
24.- We're very keen on.....................................(join) the team.
25.- It was a very odd thing................................................(say).
26.- We decided..............................................(not stay) until the end of the film.
27.- I miss...............................................(be able) to see my parents every day.
28.- They wouldn't let me..........................................(sit) in the driving-seat.
29.- It's your last chance...............................................(say) you're sorry.
30.- We agreed...................................................(not do) any more work.
31.- They suggested........................................(visit) aunt Augusta.
32.- She left the room without...........................................(say) a word.
33.- No one seems....................................(know) the results.
34.- I kept on....................................(knock) on the door.
35.- Would you like........................................(travel) to Egypt ?.
36.- I don't blame you for..................................(not want) to go to the meeting.
37.- I can't stand his....................................(cry).
38.- Fred decided..............................................(find) a job.
39.- He advised her sister.........................................(take) the money.
40.- Ann advised...............................(take) the train instead of............................(drive).
41.- I promise...................................(not be) late.
42.- They offered................................(take) their friend to the airport.
43.- I insist on................................(know) the truth.
44.- She opened the window...................................(let) some fresh air in.
45.- She is very lucky.......................................(choose) by the commitee.
46.- She challenged me.........................................(run) to the corner.
47.- Don't worry. I don't mind.........................................(go) to the station.
48.- You should give up......................................(drink). It's killing you.
49.- I was beginning ...................................(get) angry.
50.- The baby started.......................................(cry) again.
51.- I heard the boy..............................................(tell) the whole story.
52.- I wouldn't mind......................................(win) the lottery.
53.- Check your passport before.........................................(leave).
54.- Can you imagine.....................................(swim) in the Dead Sea?.
55.- I don't feel like...................................(play) cards now.
56.- Please, stop..............................(talk). I'm trying to study!.
57.- I'm not used to..................................(eat) so much at night.
58.- The little girl doesn't want........................................(come) with me.
59.- Lisa, remember........................................(tell) your husband what I said.
60.- I always try.................................(study) at night but I'm too tired.
61.- My mother used to...............................(be) very thin when she was 20.
62.- After...........................(hear) the story again I began..........................(understand)
the problem.
63.- The best thing in the world is......................................(relax).
64.- I'll never forget......................................(see) that concert. It was great!.
65.- I fancy...................................(eat) an ice-cream just now.
66.- Please, don't let him..................................(drink) all that.