INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

A. PHẦN LÍ THUYẾT
I. Infinitives
 To infinitive (To V)
b. Form (Caáu truùc)
Khẳng định: to + V1
Phủ định: not to + V1
Bị động: to be + V3/-ed
c. Functions : chức năng
Subject (Chủ ngữ)
To learn English is very necessary.
To speak English fluently is very difficult.
Complement (Bổ ngữ)
His hobby is to collect stamps.
What I like is to swim in the sea.
Object of an adjective (Tân ngữ của adj)
It is necessary to learn English.
I am happy to live here.
Adverb of purposes (Trạng từ chỉ mục đích)
He saved money to buy a bike.
He bought this book to read.
Object of a verb (Tân ngữ của V)
a. Những V theo sau là to V1

Agree Offer Decide Appear Forget*

Refuse Attempt Plan Seem Learn
Promise Manage Arrange Pretend Dare
Threaten Fail Hope Afford tend

b. V có 2 dạng:
Want Ask Expect Mean Would like Would prefer help
V + to + V1 V + object + to + V1
I want to go there I want you to go there
He would like to come. He would like me to come

c . Những V thường được sử dụng với các cấu trúc:

V + object + to + V1

Tell Remind Force Enable Persuade

Order Warn Invite Teach get

d.: Những V thường được sử dụng với 2 cấu trúc

V + V-ing V + object + to V1
He doesn’t allow smoking in his house. He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house.

Advise recommend encourage Allow permit

II. BARE INFINITIVE
1. MODAL VERBS + BARE INFINITIVE
Will/ would Can/ could May/ might Shall Should Had better Must
Ought to Needn’t ...
Examples 1. I can swim
2. I think you should stay out of crowd
2. WOULD RATHER + BARE INFINITIVE
Example I would rather work than starve
3. CAUSATIVE VERBS + OBJECT + BARE INFINITIVE
a. make / let + object + bare infinitive
Examples 1. She didn’t let me go out
2. The teacher is having the students do the exercise 1
3. My mother made me wash my hand before dinner
Notes : passive form : be made to infinitive : I was made to wash my hand before dinner
b. have + object – person + bare infinitive + object – things : I have the mechanic repair my bike
have + object – things + past participle I have my bicycle repaired y
4. VERBS OF PERCEPTION ( SEE/ NOTICE/ HEAR/ FEEL/ HEAR)
- see/ feel/ notice/ hear/ watch + object + bare infinitive ( bare infinitive mô tả toàn bộ hành động )
- see/ feel/ notice/ hear/ watch + object + present participle ( present participle mô tả toàn bộ hoặc một phần của hành độnn
)
Examples 1. I saw him leave the house
2. I saw him leaving the house

III. Gerunds (Danh động từ)

d. Form :
Khẳng định: V+ ING
Phủ định: NOT + V-ING
Bị động: BEING + V3/-ed
e. Functions (Chức năng)
Subject (Chủ ngữ)
Smoking is bad for our health.
Learning English is very useful.
Object of a preposition (Tân ngữ sau giới từ)
He is very interested in learning English.
My father gave up smoking many years ago.
He is looking forward to seeing you.
Danh động từ theo sau adj + giới từ:
Accustomed to :(quen) - Afraid of - successful in ( thành công) - hopeful of ( hy vọng) - bored with
( chán ) -capable of (có khả năng) - (be) used to ( quen ) - proud of (tự hào) - responsible for (trách
nhiệm) - excited about (háo hức) - interested in - famous for - fond of - ashamed of (xấu hổ về) -
surprised at ( ngạc nhiên với ) - tired of ( chán ), tired from ( mệt) opposed to - essential to ( cần ) -
worried about ( lo lắng )
Complement (Bổ ngữ)
His hobby is collecting stamps.
Object of a verb (Tân ngữ của V)

Stop Enjoy Fancy Admit Consider Miss

Finish Mind Imagine Deny Involve Postpone
Delay Suggest Avoid Practice risk regret
keep prefer appreciate mention like hate
I don’t mind helping you.
He denied stealing the car.
I hate doing my homework.
Danh động từ theo sau các cấu trúc:
It’s no use, look forward to, can’t help, can’t bear, have difficulty, there is no point in, it is
worth, spend / waste (time) ,it is no good …

B. PHẦN THỰC HÀNH

Ex 1: Complete the following sentences using “ bare infinitive” or “ to infinitive”

1 You can (take) ................... a horse to water but you can't (make)................... him
(drink)................... .
2 I'm sorry (disappoint) ............ you but I can't (let) ............. you (have) .............. any more money till
the end of the month.
3 It is easy (be) ................... wise after the event.
4 Do you (wish) ................... (make) ................... a complaint?
5 If you can't (remember) ................... his number you'd better (look) ................... it up.
6 Visitors are asked (not feed) ................... the animals.
7 Could I (see) ................... Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in. Would you like
(speak) ................... to his secretary'
8 He should (know) ................ how (use) ................ the film projector, but if he doesn't had better
(show) ................. him.
9 He was made (sign) ................... a paper admitting his guilt.
10 I felt the house (shake) ................... with the explosion,
11 Would you like (come) ................... in my car? ~ No, thanks. I'd rather (walk). ...................
12 It is better (put) ................... your money in a bank than (keep) ................... t under your bed in an
old stocking.
13 The bank robbers made the cashier (show) ................... them how (open) ................... the safe.
14 If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) ................... something?
15 It's better (be) ................... sure than sorry.
16 I saw the driver (open) ................... his window and (throw) ................... a box into the bushes.
17 That is far too heavy for one person (carry) ................... ; let me (help) ................... you.
18 I saw the plane (crash) ................... into the hill and (burst) ................... into flames.
19 There is nothing (do) ............... but (wait) ................ till somebody comes (let) ............... us out.
20 He heard a cock (crow) ................... in a neighbouring village.
21 You may as well (tell) ............. us the truth. It will (be) ........... easy (check) ............. your story.
22 The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) ................... and (go) ................... . ~ He
must (be) ................... a very old man.
23 Would you rather (be) ................... more stupid than you look or (look) ................... more stupid
than you are?
24 I have a lot of homework ( do) ................... tonight, so I cannot go out with you.
25 it is really interesting ( read) ................... these books.
26 He felt lonely, he had no friends ( play) ...................with.
27 He doesn’t have enough money ( buy) ................... a new house.
28 His explanations were difficult ( understand) ...................
29 I felt something (bite) ................... my finger.
30 I will let you ( borrow) ................... my car as long as you promise ( be) ................... careful.
31 They decided ( not/ go) ................... to the park as it was raining hard
32 The sea wasn’t warm enough for us (go) ................... swimming.
33 I was too tired ( do) ................... any more work.
34 As she drove past his house she noticed him ( run) ................... away from home.
35 I want you ( tell) ................... me the whole truth.
36 e had nothing ( do) ................... except looking at the cinema posters
37. Please go on (write) _____________________; I don’t mind _____________________ (wait).
38. He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _____________________recognized.
39. Before (give) _______________evidence you must swear (speak) ___________________the truth.
40.I tried (persuade) ______________him (agree) _____________________with your proposal.
41. Your windows need (clean) ______________.Would you like me (do) ___________them for you.
42.Would you mind (shut) _______________the window? I hate (sit) _______________in a draught.
43.I can’t help (sneeze) ____________; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _________in a draught.
44.Stop (talk) _____________________; I am trying (finish) _____________________a letter.
45.His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up (jog) _____________________.
46.My watch keeps (stop) _____________________.
47.People used (make) ___________________fire by (rub) ____________two sticks together.
48.He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
49.If you go on (let) _____________________your dog (chase) _____________________cars he will
end by (be) _____________________run over.
50. I prefer (drive) _____________________to (be) _____________________driven.
51.I advise you (start) _____________________ (look) _____________________for a flat at once.
52.Would you mind (lend) _____________me some money? I forgot (cash) __________ a cheque.
53.(Lie) _____________on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _____________in the office.
54.She like her children (go) _____________to the dentist every six months.
55.An instructor is coming (show) _____________us how (use) _____________the machine.
56.I have no intention of (go) _____________to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) _____________my
favorite actress in such dreadful part.
57.I suggest (telephone) _____________the hospitals before (ask) _____________the police (look)
_____________for him.
58.After (hear) _____________the conditions I decided (not enter) __________for the competition.
59.Some people seem (have) __________the passion for (write) _____________to the newspapers.
60.He expects me (answer) _____________by return but I have no intention of (reply)
_____________at all.
61.He postponed (make) _____________a decision until it was too late (do) _____________anything.
62.Try (forget) _____________it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____________about it.
63.There is no point in (remain) _____________in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help)
_____________the people who have (stay) _____________ there.

Ex 2: Rewrite each sentence as directed ( using the structures with To Infinitive and Bare
Infinitive above)
1. The mechanic serviced my car last week.
I had the mechanic .................................................
2. I felt nervous when I traveled by air.
Travelling by air made .......................................................................................
3. He could not afford to buy the car.
The car was too expensive ..................................................................................................
4. I advised you to put your money in the bank.
You had better .......................................................................................................................
5. There is no need for you to talk so loudly
You don’t have ..................................................................................
6. “You must ask me for permission before leaving” the teacher said to Tom
The teacher made Tom ............................................................................................................
7. The house shook violently and all of us felt that
All of us felt the house ..............................................................................................................
8. We can’t possibly work in this noise
It’s impossible ..............................................................................................................................
9. Mr. Puncher doesn’t allow his children to go out in the evening
Mr. Puncher doesn’t let ...................................................................................................................
10. Contacting her at work in usually quite easy.
It’s quite easy .............................................................................................................................
11. “Mr. John left the house very early this morning”, Tom said.
Tom said that he saw ...................................................................................................................
12. Jimmy got into his car and drove away. I saw this.
I saw Jimmy ............................................................................................................................
13. Can you sign the papers please? They are ready.
The papers are ......................................................................................................................
14. Harry’s parents didn’t allow him to smoke and drink.
Harry’s parents didn’t let .........................................................................................................
15. I think that you should make a decision soon.
I want ...............................................................................................
16. They talked in the next room.
I heard ..................................................................................................................
17. The customs officer told him to open his briefcase.
The custom officer made ................................................................................................
18 The animal moved towards me, I felt it.
I felt ....................................................................
19 You can use my car if you want to.
I will let ......................................................................................................
20 My father said I could use his car.
My father allowed .........................................................................................................
21. Would you please do it for me?
Would you mind ....................................................................
22. . Shall we go for a ride?
What about .............................................................................
23. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
I must apologize ..................................................................
24. Let's go camping tomorrow.
Why don't ………………………………………….
25. I don't find it difficult to get up early in the morning.
I am used .....................................................................................................................
26. Please don't play your music so loudly.
Would you mind ..........................................................................................
27. Let's go camping tomorrow.
I suggest ...............................................................................................................
28. I don't find it difficult to get up early in the morning.
I am used .........................................................................................................................
29. Please pass me the sugar
Would you mind ................................................................................................
30. “ Let’s get together next Saturday”
How about ..............................................................................................................