E9.

GRAMMATICAL ITEMS
I/ Phrasal verbs:
1. Take care of = look after
2. Take after: look like
3. Take off : cất cánh (máy bay), cởi (đồ) >< put on (mặc đồ)
4. Look at:
5. Look for:
6. Look up:
7. Look forward to Ving (be excited about Ving = be eager to –V = can’t wait to V)
8. Look through: to examine or read something quickly
(She looked through her notes before the exam.)
9. Get up:
10. Get over = recover from: to return to your usual state of health, happiness, etc. after an illness, a shock,
the end of a relationship, etc.
11. Get on (well) with/ get along with (have a good relationship with, be on good terms with)
12. Turn on >< turn off, switch on >< switch off
13. Turn up >< turn down
14. Turn up (= arrive) , turn down (= refuse)
15. Take over: tiếp quản (Do you know who’s taking over his pottery workshop?)
16. Set up (= found - founded, = establish: thành lập)
17. Set off = set out: khởi hành
18. See off : tiễn
19. Go up >< go down
20. Go on (= continue)
21. Grow up:
22. Grow out of: to become too big to fit into a piece of clothing
(He's already grown out of his school uniform.)
23. Give up:
24. Bring up (She brought up five children.)
25. Bring out: to produce something; to publish something
(The band have just brought out their second album./ My favourite writer has brought out another best
seller.)
26. Break down: (of a machine or vehicle) to stop working because of a fault
(The car broke down on the freeway.)
27. Close down: (Why did you close down your workshop? I thought that it was running quite well.)
28. Dress up:
(There's no need to dress up./ The boys were all dressed up as pirates.)
29. Deal with/ cope with: giải quyết, xử lý (We’re dealing with lots of complaints from customers about the
quality of these shirts.)
30. Find out: khám phá ra, tìm ra
31. Keep up with
Catch up with
32. Live up to my/ his/her…expectations
II/ Connectors
1. Although/ Though/ Even though/ In spite of the fact that/ Despite the fact that
- In spite of/ Despite
Although Mary was sick, she attended the meeting.
 In spite of the fact that Mary was sick, she attended the meeting.
 In spite of/ Despite her sickness, Mary attended … .
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2. Because/ As/ Since – Because of/ Due to/ Owing to
Because Mary/ she was sick, she didn’t attend the meeting.
 Because of being sick, Mary/ she didn’t … .
It is raining/ rains/ rained (heavily) – the (heavy) rain
It is snowing/ snows/ snowed (heavily) – the (heavy) snow
He is/was old. – his (old) age
He is/was young. – his young age
She is/was (seriously) sick/ ill. – her (serious) sickness/ illness
He performed well. – his good performance
The weather is/was bad/ fine. = the bad/fine weather
3. …so that… = …to - V, in order (not) to -V, so as (not) to –V: để…
Eg: She gets up early so that she can do morning exercise.
= She gets up early to do/ in order to do/ so as to do morning exercise.
She got up early so that she wouldn’t be late for the meeting.
= She got up early in order not to be late for the meeting.
4. …so + adj/adv that …/ …such (a/an) adj Noun that…
(so many/much + Noun: so many students, so much money,
such a lot of + Noun: such a lot of students/ money…)
Eg: The film is so good that we have seen it many times.
It is such a good film that we have seen it many times.
(so good a film, such good films, such good news/ such expensive furniture)
5. Clause 1, + but + Clause 2 = Clause 1; however/ nevertheless, + Clause 2
We had discussed the issue all day, but we couldn’t come to a final conclusion.
Clause 1, + so + Clause 2 = Clause 1; therefore, + Clause 2
He didn’t attend the lesson, so he couldn’t do his homework.
III/ Reported speech
1. S said (that) + clause / S told + O + (that) + clause
Eg: ‛Last night I couldn't sleep!' she said.  She said (that) she couldn't sleep the night before.
‛I am on my way,' he said to her.  He told her (that) he was on his way.
2. S asked (+O) + if/ whether + clause (SV)./// ………..question words + clause (SV)
S + wondered + if/ whether + clause (SV)./// ………..question words + clause (SV)
S + wanted to know + if/ whether + clause(SV)./// ……question words + clause(SV)
Eg: ‛Have you seen her recently?' asked Thanh.  Thanh asked me if I had seen her recently.
‛Have you ever tried calling a helpline?' the teacher asked Ngoc.
 The teacher asked Ngoc if she had ever tried calling a helpline.
Notes: Không lùi thì của động từ khi các động từ tường thuật (say, ask…) chia ở thì hiện tại Hoặc mệnh đề
trong “ ” chỉ sự thật hiển nhiên.
3. S + asked/ told + O + (not) to-V. (Đề nghị/ Bảo ai (ko) làm gì )
Eg: ‛Tell Emma I miss her very much,' she told me. She told me to tell Emma she missed her … .
S + advised/ reminded/ encouraged/ invited + O + (not) to-V.
S + promised/ threatened/ offered/ agreed/ refused + (not) to-V
4. S + admitted/ denied/ suggested/ insisted on/ looked forward to + Ving.
S + accused sb of/ apologised to sb for/ congratulated sb on/ thanked sb for/
prevented sb from/ warned sb against/… + Ving
(S + warned sb against + Ving = S + warned sb not to V)
IV/ Relative clauses
1. Defining relative clauses (MĐQH XĐ)
Eg: The boy who is talking to Mr.Smith is my classmate.
2. Non-defining relative clauses (MĐQH KHÔNG XĐ ngăn cách với MĐ chính bằng dấu “,”)
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Eg: John, who is talking to Mr.Smith, is my classmate.
John, HCM City,…
Peter’s book/ My book/ Her/ His/ Your…book
This book/ That book/These books/ Those books…
(Vật duy nhất) The Sun/ The Moon …
Eg: The National Library opens every weekday. (The library is on the second floor.)
 The National Library, which is on the second floor, opens every weekday.
Have you ever heard about Captain James Cook? (He mapped a lot of places in the world, including Australia
and New Zealand.)
 Have you ever heard about Captain James Cook, who mapped a lot of places in the world, including
Australia and New Zealand?
Jack London wrote internationally famous novels like Call of the Wild and White Fang. (He is an American
writer.)
 Jack London, who is an American writer, wrote internationally famous novels like Call of the
Wild and White Fang.
Notes: John often goes to school late. That makes his teachers angry.
John often goes to school late, which makes his teachers angry.
V/ Conditional sentences
Type 1
….or/ otherwise …  If … not… = Unless
Eg: Drive carefully or you will cause an accident.
 If you don’t drive carefully, you will cause an accident./ Unless you drive carefully,…………………
Be careful or you will cut yourself.
 If you aren’t careful, you will cut yourself./ Unless you are careful, you will cut …
If he doesn’t drive carefully, he will cause an accident.
 Unless he drives carefully, he will cause an accident.
Inversion: Should
Type 2
Eg: He doesn’t have enough time, so he can’t finish his project.
 If he had enough time, he could finish his project.
Inversion: Were
VI/ Passive voice
Eg: I (invite) to his party yesterday. (was invited)
She (invite) to his party yesterday? (Was she invited)
“by me/ you/ him/ her/ them/ us/ it”  có thể lược bỏ
“by people/ someone/ something…” PHẢI BỎ
(Someone has taken my bike.  My bike has been taken.)
No one has seen him since Monday.  He hasn’t been seen since Monday.
I was invited to the party by Peter yesterday.
They (say) he is a good doctor. / It (say) that he is a good doctor./ He is said to be a good doctor.
say is said
They say he graduated from a prestigious university.  It is said that he …/ He is said to have
graduated … .
He hopes (invite) to her party. (to be invited) (to be PP)
She dislikes (laugh) at. (being laughed) (being PP)
VII/ Verb tenses
+ (past simple, past perfect)
After/ Before/ By the time/ When
+ Present perfect + since + Past simple
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 It’s + khoảng thời gian + since + S + (last) + Ved/c2.
+ Past simple – Past continuous
Past continuous – Past continuous
+ Future simple: Active and Passive
VIII/ Verb form (Ving, to-V, V)
* … question words + to-V …
‛When should I start the computer?' Nguyen asked his teacher.
→ Nguyen asked his teacher when to start the computer.
I don't really know what I should say in my graduation speech. Can you help me?
→ I don't really know what to say in my graduation speech. Can you help me?
They can't decide what they should do in this situation.→ They can't decide what to do in this situation.
‛Should I tell this to her?' he asked himself. → He wondered whether to tell that to her.
She was not sure who she should contact. → She was not sure who to contact.
‛Where can I find more information about this?' he asked.
→ He didn't know where to find more information about that.
*
+ fail + to-V >< succeed in Ving/ manage to -V
+stop + Ving (Stop talking) stop + to-V (We stopped to take a rest.)
He stopped (watch) films (do) his homework.
Watching, to do
+ agree + to-V: đồng ý + admit/ deny + Ving
(agree/ refuse + to -V)
+ regret + to-V + regret + Ving
I regret to inform you that you haven't been I regret buying that bike. (I wish...)
offered the job. (I bought that bike) -- I wish I hadn't bought that
bike.
+ try + to-V (cố gắng làm việc gì) + try + Ving (thử làm việc gì)
+ arrange + to-V + mind + Ving
+ make an effort = try + to-V: cố gắng, nỗ lực
+ be (un)willing (adj) to-V
+ Promise + to-V + Avoid + Ving
+ decide + to-V: quyết định + Miss + Ving
consider (xem xet, can nhac) + Ving
* used to , be used to
S + used to + V. (đã từng)
Eg: She used to go swimming every morning. (She often went swimming every morning.)
She no longer goes swimming every morning.
There used to be a lot of roses in my garden.
S + am/is/are used to + Ving. = quen với… (= S + am/is/are in the habit of Ving)
Eg: She is used to getting up early in the morning.
IX/ Quantifiers (a can of/ a bottle of/ a kilo of/ …)
X/ Articles
a/an
An hour, an honest man (>< a house)
A university, A unique shop (>< an umbrella)
a/an OR the
Play football/ basketball
Play the guitar/ the violin/ the piano/ the flute
The + adj (The rich = rich people)
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Vietnam, Singapore >< The United States, The United Kingdom, The phillipines, The Netherlands
XI/ Comparison
Equal comparison: ….as….as…. (…not….as/so ….as….)
Eg: He is as careful as his brother (is)/ Mary (is)/ her/ she is.
He drives as carefully as she does/ his brother/ Mary/ her.
Comparatives:
Eg: He drives more carefully than she does/ his brother/ Mary/ her.
(She doesn’t drive as/so carefully as he does/ him.)
Superlatives
Eg: No student in the class is as intelligent as Peter./No student in the class is more intelligent than Peter.)
 Peter is the most intelligent student in the class.
Notes: Adj, adv (a careful driver, drive carefully)
XII/
Tag questions
Main clause Tag question
(+) He likes chicken, (-) doesn’t he?
(-) Peter/ He doesn’t like fish, (+) does he?
Pronouns(she, he, it, they, we, you…)
Short forms (isn’t, don’t, haven’t…)

Mary went to Peter’s wedding yesterday, didn’t she?

John has been late for school recently, hasn’t he?
Peter has 2 sports bikes, doesn’t he?
I am (+) aren’t I?
Let’s shall we?
Imperative form (V/ Don’t + V)
Eg: Be quiet/ Keep silent/ Don’t make noise, will you?
S (This/That) It
S (These/ Those) They
S (something/ anything/ everything/ nothing) It
Eg: Everything goes wrong, doesn’t it?
S (someone/ anyone/ everyone/ no one/ people) They
Eg: Everyone liked his performance, didn’t they?
(-) (No, none, neither, never, hardly (ever), (+)
seldom, rarely, few, little )
Eg: She is never/ seldom absent from school, is she?
Nobody has seen him recently, have they?
I think he should take a rest. shouldn’t he?
I don’t think he should take part in this contest. should he?

XIII/ PREPOSITIONS
AT:
a. For time:
- at 4 o’clock, at 5 pm
- at night/ noon/ midnight - at the moment
- at Christmas, at Easter - at present
- at once - at/ on weekends
- at the age of - at the same time
- at sunset/ sunrise - at bedtime
b. For places:
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- at home/ school/ work - at the theatre - at the seaside
- at the corner of the street - at the grocer’s
- at the doctor’s - at the shop
- at the top - at the bottom - at the foot of the page
- at the beginning of/ at the end of:
- (To arrive) at the airport/ railway station.
IN:
a. For time:
- In + thế kỷ/ năm/ tháng/ mùa/ buổi
eg. in 1990, in August, in Spring, in the morning/ afternoon/ eveming (nhưng at night, at noon, at midnight).
- In time (just in time) : kịp lúc, kịp thời
b. For places:
- In: in the living room/ in the box.
- In: in London, in Hanoi, in France, in the east ........
- in the street/ sky - in my opinion - in good/ bad weather
- in the newspaper - in the middle of - in good/ bad condition
- in the rain/ sun - in the dark - in + time (in 2 days)
- in the water/ river/ sea - in a line/ queue - in a picture/ mirror/ photo
- in bed/ hospital/ prison - in the end: (cuối cùng) - in love with
- (To arrive) in Hanoi/ in Vietnam
ON.
a. For time:
- On eg. on Sunday, on Thursday morning , on August 12th
- On time : đúng giờ (theo lịch trình, thời gian biểu)
- On Christmas day - On New Year’s Eve
- On holiday/ on a trip/ on a tour
- On the occasion of: nhân dịp
b. For places:
- On : on the table - on the phone
- On horseback: - on a diet
- On foot: - on fire
- On TV / on the radio - on the left/ right
- on the 1st floor - on the beach
- on a farm (nhưng In the field)
- on a bus/ a train/ a plane/ a ship (BUT: in a car/ a taxi)
- on a bicycle/ a motorbike/ a horse
BY.
- By: bởi (by Peter, a book by him)
- By (by bike, by car....., nhưng “on foot”)
- By the time: trước khi, tính đến thời điểm
- By chance: I bumped into her by chance.
- By accident (>< on purpose, deliberately) I met her completely by accident.
- By mistake =accidentally I deleted a whole afternoon’s work on the computer by mistake.
- Learn by heart: học thuộc lòng
TO:
- TO (go to the cinema..... nhưng GO HOME).
- TO My father takes me to the cinema./ Marry invited me to her birthday party.
INTO:
- INTO go into the room, get into the train, put the pen into the bag, fall into the river, jump into the river and
swim, come into the house.....
- INTO The rain changed into snow.
OUT OF: ra khỏi (He came out of the house./ He is looking out of the window.)
WITH:
- With: A girl with blue eyes./ a coat with two pockets.
- With: + dụng cụ/ công cụ
He’s writing with a pen./ He did the test with a pencil.

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- With: cùng với I’m living with my parents.
- With: Do you agree with me?
UNDER:
- Under: The cat is under the table.
- Under: Children under fourteen years of age shouldn’t see such a film.
Prepositions following Adjectives:
OF:
- ashamed of: xấu hổ vì
- afraid of: - independent of:
- ahead of: trước (ahead of schedule) - proud of:
- aware of: nhận thức/ biết được - jealous of: ghen tị
- (in)capable of: (không) có khả năng - guilty of: phạm tội
- fond of: thích - full of:
TO:
- (un)likely to: sự việc có thể (ko thể) xảy ra
- addicted to st/ doing st - open to

- contrary to - rude to
- equal to - similar to
- grateful to sb - harmful to
- important to
FOR:
- sorry for
- late for - qualified for
- helpful/ useful for
- famous/ well-known for - good for
- suitable for - responsible for
AT:
- good at
- bad at - present at
- clever at - surprised at
- amazed at
- skillful at
- quick at: nhanh

WITH:
- busy with
- crowded with/packed with
- pleased with
- popular with
- bored with - satisfied with
- fed up with
ABOUT:
- serious about:
- excited about - upset about:
- worried about
- sad about: - anxious about
IN:
- interested in - successful in
- rich in
FROM:
- isolated from - far from: xa
- absent from - safe from
- different from - divorced from
ON: - keen on
Notes:

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- be grateful to sb for st: I’m grateful to you for your help.
- be good/ bad for, good/ bad at
Milk is good for your health. / She is bad at mathematics.

XIV/ SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT (Hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ)
14.1. Chủ ngữ số ít + động từ số ít (This book is interesting.)
Chủ ngữ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều (These books are interesting.)
 Notes: a. Danh từ không đếm được:
butter, water, happiness, information, furniture, equipment, news
b. Danh từ đếm được:
+ DT số ít: book, student, chair, dog, cat…
+ Danh từ số nhiều: books, students, chairs, dogs, cats …
Cấu tạo danh từ số nhiều:
+ Thêm s: boys, houses, mothers, pens…
+ Thêm es: dishes, churches, boxes, buses…
+ y  ies: baby _ babies , party _ parties, fly _ flies…
+ f  ves: knife_ knives, wife _ wives, life _ lives…
+ Luôn ở dạng số nhiều: trousers, jeans, scissors, glasses, binoculars,…
+ Đặc biệt: man/ men, woman/ women, foot/ feet, child/ children, sheep/ sheep, fish/fish
14.2. Từ/ Cụm từ được coi như chủ ngữ số ít
+ everyone , someone , anyone , no one, everything, something, anything, nothing , each
+ Khoản tiền , khoảng thời gian , khối lượng , khoảng cách
+ To-inf phrase
V-ing phrase (Reading books is my hobby.)
That clause
+ Môn học
Linguistics : ngôn ngữ học
Economics : kinh tế học
Phonetics : ngữ âm học
Athletics : môn điền kinh
Politics : chính trị học
Statistics : thống kê học
Mathematics : toán học
Physics : vật lí học
+ Chủ ngữ là các danh từ không đếm được: news (tin tức), measles (bệnh sởi ) , mumps (bệnh
quai bị), rickets ( bệnh còi xương ), housework, homework, …
14.3. Từ/ Cụm từ được coi như chủ ngữ số nhiều
+ people , the cattle , the police
+ The + adj (chỉ một nhóm người) The rich = rich people
+ several, many, both , a few + DT số nhiều
+ Both + S1 + and + S2
14.4.
Neither S1 nor S2 + V(S2)
Either S1 or S2 + V(S2)
Not only S1 but also S2 + V (S2)
with / along with
together with
S1 + as well as + S2 + V(S1)

accompanied by
There + Be + N (Tùy thuộc danh từ theo ngay sau “be” để chia tương ứng)
A number of + N(plural)
A large number of students have part time jobs nowadays.
The number of + N(plural)
The number of club members is increasing.

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XV/ EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY (Từ chỉ số lượng)
1. SOME: (+)
Notes: Would you like some coffee?/ Can I ask you some questions?
2. ANY: (-), (?)
3. MUCH – MANY – A LOT OF/ LOTS OF–A GREAT DEAL OF–A LARGE NUMBER OF
Danh từ đếm được, số nhiều Danh từ không đếm được
Many Much
a lot of / lots of a lot of / lots of
the number of the amount of
few / a few little / a little
 Notes: few – little: (ít, không nhiều) Only a few = few, Only a little = little
a few – a little (một vài, một chút)
A great many = very many; the many = most people; Many a + a singular noun = a large number of ...(Many
a good man has been destroyed by drink.)
4. ALL – MOST – SOME – NO……….
- all , most, some, no + plural noun / uncountable noun
- all of, most of, some of, none of + determiners ( a, an, the, my, his, this, that……)+noun
+ pronouns ( them , us……. )
Eg: Most of her friends live abroad.
All children are fond of candy.

OTHER SENTENCE PATTERNS

1. Can I have a look at your new dress? = Can I look at your new dress?
2. He is a careful driver. = He drives carefully.
3. He had an intention of making a journey with her. = He intended to make a journey with her.
4. You should pay attention to the lesson. = You should take notice of the lesson.
5. They show no interest in the picture. = They aren’t interested in the picture.
6. to contact (v) sb = to have contact (n) with sb
7. to rest(v) = to have/ take a rest (n)
8. to succeed in Ving (thành công) >< to fail to-V (thất bại)
9. Had better (‘d better) = should = ought to
10. Exclamations (câu cảm thán)
How beautiful!
How dirty the dog is!/ How pale she looks!
How well he plays the guitar!/ How beautifully you sings!
What a pity!
What a terrible noise!
What awful weather!/ What lovely flowers!
What a beautiful smile your sister has!
11. S + propose (đề nghị) that + S’ + (should) + Vinfinitive
insist (nhất quyết, khăng khăng)
demand (đòi hỏi), request (yêu cầu)
suggest
recommend
advise
Eg: The teacher demands that we (should) be on time.
I insisted that he (should) pay me the money.
It is important (quan trọng) that + S’ + (should) + Vinfinitive
necessary (cần thiết)
essential (thiết yếu)
vital (quan trọng)

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 imperative (khẩn thiết)
urgent (cấp bách)
Eg: It is important that they (should) be told the truth.
12. It’s (high) time + (for + O) + to-V
It’s (high) time S + V (past simple)
Eg: It’s time for the children to go to bed. = It’s time the children went to bed.
13. S + would rather + V (than V’).
Eg: I’d rather not go out this evening.
We’d rather walk than take a bus.
S + would rather + S’ V (past simple).
Eg: I’d rather he went home now.
14. Adj/ Adv + as/ though + Clause, Clause
Eg: Although he is rich, he is unhappy.
Rich as he is, he is unhappy.
15. However/ No matter how + adj/ adv + clause, clause
Eg: However hard he tried, he couldn’t win the race.
No matter how late it is, phone me when you arrive.
16. Inversion
1. Immediately after his arrival, things went wrong.
No sooner had he arrived than things went wrong.
Hardly/ Scarcely/ Barely had he arrived when things went wrong.
2. The girl had just put her umbrella down before the rain came down.
No sooner had the girl put her umbrella down than the rain came down.
Hardly/ Scarcely/ Barely …………………… when…………………………
No sooner had + S + PP than S + Ved/c2.
Hardly when
Scarcely
Barely
3. She has never been to France before.
 Never before has she been to France. / This is the first time she has (ever) been to France.

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