UNIT 3

GRAMMAR

Past simple Past Continuous Past Perfect

S + V2/ed
S + didn’t + Vo / S + wasn’t weren’t
(W-H) + did + S + Vo?
(W-H) + was/were + S?
Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết
thúc trong quá khứ
Diễn tả các chuỗi hành động liên
tiếp nhau trong quá khứ
Dấu hiệu thời gian: Yesterday, last
month, … ago, when, then…
S + was/were + V_ing S + had + V3/ed
S + wasn’t weren’t + V_ing S + hadn’t + V3/ed
(W-H) + was/were + S + V_ing? (W-H) + had + S + V3/ed?
Diễn tả hành động diễn ra trong quá Diễn tả 1 hành động/ sự việc
khứ có thời điểm xác định. xảy ra trước một hành
Diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra trong quá động/sự việc/thời điểm khác
khứ khi có 1 hành động khác xen vào trong quá khứ
Diễn tả 2 hành động đồng thời diễn
ra trong quá khứ
Diễn tả 1 lời phàn nàn trong quá khứ
All day, the whole day while, while,
when, at that time, at + giờ quá khứ.

Exercise:
Past perfect vs past simple
1. Almost everybody (leave)…………………………. by the time we (arrive)…………………………..
2. He (wonder)…………………………. whether he (leave)…………………………. his wallet at home.
3. The secretary (not leave)…………………………. until she (finish)…………………………. her work.
4. The couple scarcely (enter)…………… ………. the house when they (begin)……………… ……. to argue.
5. The teacher (ask)…………………………. the boy why he (not do)…………………………. his homework.
6. She already (post)…………………………. the letter when she (realize)…………………………. she
(send)…………………………. it to the wrong address.
7. Hardly the car (go)…………………………. a mile when it (have)…………………………. a flat tyre.
8. The weather (be)…………………………. far worse than we (expect)…………………………..
9. They (be married)……………………. for five years when thy finally (have)………………………. a child.
10. No sooner they (sell)……………………. their car than they (regret)……………………. having done so.
11. When she (finish)…………………………. her work she (go)…………………………. to the cinema.
12. He (not eat)…………………………. until his parents (come)…………………………. home.
13. She (tell)…………………………. me she never (meet)…………………………. him.
14. He (do)…………………………. her homework before he ( go)…………………………. out.
15. The lights (go)…………………………. out the moment he (get)…………………………. into the cinema.
16. Hardly the holiday (begin)…………………………. when they (leave)…………………………. the town.
17. They (be)…………………………. out for an hour when it (start)…………………………. to rain.
18. They (leave)……………. the shop as soon as they (buy)……………. everything they (need)…………..
19. The house (burn)…………………. to the ground buy the time the firemen (arrive)……………………..
20. As he (do)…………………………. a lot of work that day he (be)…………………………. very tired.
21. I already (hear)……………………. about the accident when he (tell)…………………………. me about it.
22. He (live)…………………………. in the country for ten years when he first
(come)…………………………. to London.
23. I (not talk)………………. to him because when I (arrive)………………. he already (leave)………………..
24. When we (go)…………………………. out again, the wind (stop)…………………………..
25. He (think)…………………………. he (win)…………………………. in the lottery but he (not
have)…………………………. of course.
26. No sooner the bell (ring)………………………. when the pupils (go)…………………………. out to play.
27. Before you (mention)………………………. his name, I never (hear)…………………………. of this poet.
28. Our guests (be)………………………. still here when he (come)………………………. back from school.
29. The same day he (arrive)………………………. I (receive)…………………………. a postcard from him.
30. They just (close)…………………………. the shop when I (get)…………………………. there.
Past simple and past continuous
1. While Tom (read) ________________, Amely (watch) ________________a documentary on TV.
2. Marvin (come) ________________ home, (switch) ________________ on the computer and (check)
________________his emails.
3. The thief (sneak) ________________ into the house, (steal) ________________the jewels and (leave)
________________without a trace.
4. Nobody (listen) ________________while the teacher (explain) ________________the tenses.
5. While we (do) ________________a sight-seeing tour, our friends (lie) ________________ on the beach.
6. He (wake) ________________up and (look) ________________at his watch.
7. The receptionist (welcome) ______________the guests and (ask) _______________ them to fill in the form.
8. The car (break) ________________down and we (have) ________________to walk home.
9. The boys (swim) ________________while the girls (sunbathe) ________________.
10. My father (come) ________________in, (look) ________________around and (tell) _______________me
to tidy up my room.
11. As long as one group (prepare) ________________dinner, the others (collect) ________________wood for
their campfire.
12. While the parents (have) ________________ breakfast, their children (run) ________________about.
13. Martha (turn) ________________off the lights and (go) ________________to bed.
14. When I (do) ________________the washing-up, I (break) ________________a plate.
15. While Tom (play) ________________the piano, his mother (do) ________________the washing-up.
16. He (drink) ________________some juice and then he (eat) ________________a few chips.
17. I (have) ________________dinner when I suddenly (hear) ________________a loud bang.
18. When my father (work) ______________ in the garden, an old friend (pass) ______________by to see him.
19. She (go) ________________to school, (take) ________________ out her textbook and (begin)
________________to learn.
20. When it (start) ________________to rain, our dog (want) ________________ to come inside.
Exercise 3: Choose the correct tense for those sentences.
1. Alice saw/ was seeing the accident when she was catching the bus.
2. What were you doing/ did you do when I called?
3. I didn’t visit/ weren’t visiting my friends last summer holiday.
4. It rained/ was raining heavily last July.
5. While people were talking to each other, he read/ was reading his book.
6. My sister was eating/ ate hamburgers every weekend last month.
7. While we were running/ ran in the park, Mary fell over.
8. Did you find/ Were you finding your keys yesterday?
9. Who was she dancing/ did she dance with at the party last night?
10. They were watching/ watched football on TV at 7 p.m. yesterday.

Exercise 4: Choose the correct tense for those sentences.

1. The robbers (left/ had left) the bank when the policemen finally (arrived/ had arrived).
2. When the rain (started/ had started), the Atkinsons (finished/ had finished) planting trees.
3. By the time Rebecca (went/ had gone) into the store, she (got/ had got) soaked.
4. Darcey (saw/ had seen) this castle before she (came/ had come) again last Sunday.
5. Mr.Palmer (didn’t speak/ hadn’t spoken) any Chinese before he (moved/ had moved) to Peking.
6. Sonny (got / had got) fainted by the time the ambulance (reached/ had reached) the hospital.
7. When my mother (brought/ had brought) me an apple, I (finished/ had finished) my homework.
8. Mrs.Wilkinson (refused/ had refused) to drive the car because she (had/ had had) a terrible accident on the
highway about a year ago.
9. I (didn’t think/ hadn’t thought) of having a new house before I (saw/ had seen) that ad on TV.
10. My uncle (didn’t try/ hadn’t tried) Italian food before (went/ had gone) to that restaurant.

Bài tập 5: Chia đúng các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn:
In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I (go) (1) …………to the beach for the first time, something wonderful
happened. I (swim) (2) …………in the sea while my mother was sleeping in the sun. My brother was building a
sand castle and my father (drink) (3) …………. some water. Suddenly, I (see) (4) …………a boy on the beach.
His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair (be) (5) …………beautiful black. He was very tall and
thin and his face was brown. My heart (beat) (6) …………fast. I (ask) (7) …………him for his name with a shy
voice. He (tell) (8) …………me that his name was John. He (stay) (9) …………with me the whole afternoon. In
the evening, we met again. We ate pizza in a restaurant. The following days we (have) (10) …………a lot of fun
together. At the end of my holiday when I left Hawaii I said goodbye to John. We had tears in our eyes. He wrote
me a letter very soon and I answered him.
 CAUSATIVE VERBS
Các động từ khởi phát phổ biến trong tiếng Anh: make (khiến), let (cho phép), help, have, get.
Một số động từ ít phổ biến hơn: require (yêu cầu), motivate (thúc đẩy), convince (thuyết phục), assist (giúp đỡ),
encourage (khuyến khích),…

1. Let

Subject (chủ ngữ) + let(s) +somebody/something + Vo

To give somebody permission to do something

or something to happen without trying to stop it
Ví dụ:
Jenny lets me use her computer.
The teacher lets us go out to play in the schoolyard this afternoon.
2. Make
Cấu trúc:

Subject (chủ ngữ) + make(s) +somebody/something + Vo

Định nghĩa:
“to force somebody to do something”: buộc ai đó làm điều gì đó.
Ví dụ:
This dress makes me look fat. (Cái váy này làm tôi trông mập.)
The parrot always makes me laugh. (Con vẹt luôn làm tôi cười.)
My parents made me repeat the whole story. (Ba mẹ tôi khiến tôi phải nói lại cả câu chuyện.)
 3. Have
Cấu trúc:

Chủ động: Subject (chủ ngữ) + have/has +somebody + Vo

Bị động: Subject (chủ ngữ) + have/has + something + V3/ed

To tell or arrange for somebody to do something for you: Nhờ ai đó làm điều gì đó cho bạn.
Ví dụ: I have my car fixed. (Tôi có chiếc xe đã được sửa.)
4. Get
Cấu trúc:

Chủ động: Subject (chủ ngữ) + get +somebody + to Vo

Bị động: Subject (chủ ngữ) + get + something + V3/ed

To make, persuade, etc. somebody/something to do something: để thực hiện, thuyết phục,… ai đó / điều gì đó
làm điều gì đó.

5. Help
Cấu trúc:

Subject (chủ ngữ) + help(s) + somebody + (to) + Verb (Động từ nguyên mẫu).

Help + SO + to V (người giúp và người được giúp cùng làm)

Help + SO + V (người giúp sẽ làm hết)

Exercise
1. My parents never let me _____ (go) out after 12 pm.
2. Running every morning helps me _____ (feel) strong.
3. Anna had her brother _____ (check) her old computer.
4. I don’t know if our boss will let me _____ (take) the day off.
5. The college’s aim is to help students _____ (achieve) their aspirations.
6. My father made him _____ (apologize) for what he had said.
7. He got his sibling _____ (help) him with the homework.
8. My mom makes him _____ (clean) the his room.
9. My grandparents always makes us _____ (wake) up earl.