TOPIC: NOUN

HELLO!
WE ARE GROUP
5
1. Huynh Thi Dan Tam
2. Ma Thi Thanh Nguyen
3. Le Minh Huyen

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
I. NOUN DEFINITION

II. TYPES OF NOUNS

III. FUNCTIONS OF NOUNS

IV. NOUN PHRASE & FUNCTIONS OF NOUN PHRASES

V. NOUN CLAUSE & FUNCTIONS OF NOUN CLAUSES

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I.
NOUN
DEFINITION

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“
Nouns refer to persons, animals,
places, things, ideas, or events, etc.
Nouns encompass most of the words
of a language.
Examples: Marry, dog, London, ball, happiness,…

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II.
TYPES OF NOUNS

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II. TYPES OF NOUNS

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1. Common Nouns and Proper Nouns

Common Nouns: Common nouns Proper Nouns: Names of people,

refer to people, places and things in places or organizations are proper
. general. Any noun that is not a nouns.
name is a common noun. Note: Proper nouns always start
with a capital letter

Examples: teacher, car, music, Examples: Jane, Thailand, Sunday,

danger, receipt James Bond, Einstein,…
 Have you seen my dog?  Let me introduce you to Mary.
 The books are on your desk  The capital of Italy is Rome.

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2.Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns
Concrete Nouns: Concrete nouns
are physical things that you can
touch.
Examples: man, rice, head, car,
furniture,…
o Have you met James Bond?
o Pour the water down the drain.
.
Abstract Nouns: are the opposite of
concrete nouns. They are things that
you cannot touch. Abstract nouns are
ideas, concepts and feelings.
Examples: happiness, courage,
danger, truth,…
o He has great strength.
o Who killed President Kennedy is a
real mystery.
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3. Singular Nouns and Plural Nouns

Singular nouns: are nouns that Plural nouns: refer to more than
refer to only one person, place one of something.
or thing.
Examples: a dog, a cat, a house, a Examples: houses, cats, girls,
tree,.. countries,..
o That house is where my brother o I have lived in three different
lives. apartments in the last five years.
o I stayed at a hotel last night. o I am planning to take at least
two vacations this summer.

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 Rules:
1. Singular nouns + ”s” at the end to become plural.
2. Singular nouns ending in “s/ss/sh/ch/x/z” + “es” at the end to
become plural.

Note: Not all plural nouns follow this rule. Those that become plural
in other ways are called irregular plural nouns.

Person- people Life - live One deer/sheep – two deer/sheep

Mouse- mice Leaf- leaves One fish – two fish
Tooth – teeth Thief- thieves One TV series – two TV series
Goose - geese Baby - babies
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4. Countable Nouns and Uncountable Nouns
Countable Nouns(also called count
nouns)
You can count countable nouns.
Countable nouns have singular and
plural forms.
Examples:  ball, boy, cat, person,…
o I have only five dollars.
o The Earth was formed 4.6
billion years ago.
.
Uncountable Nouns(also called mass
nouns)
You cannot count uncountable nouns. You
need to use measure words (a piece of/a
bar of/a bag of/a bottle of/a cup of/a slice
of…) to quantify them.
Examples: water, a cup of milk, a bag of
rice, happiness, cheese,…
o Have you got some money?
o Air-conditioners use a lot of electricity.
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5. Collective Nouns

A collective noun denotes a group of individuals.

Examples: class (group of students), pride (group of ions), crew (group

of sailors),…
 His family live in different countries.
 The new company is the result of a merger.
◈ Collective nouns can be treated as singular or plural.

 The team is playing a football match.

 The team are eating sandwiches for dinner.
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6. Compound Nouns

A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words.

Most compound nouns are [noun + noun] or [adjective + noun].

Examples: cat food, blackboard, breakfast, full moon,…

◈ Compound nouns have three different forms:

o Open or spaced - space between words (bus stop)
o Hyphenated - hyphen between words (mother-in-law)
o Closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words (football)

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III.
FUNCTIONS OF
NOUNS

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III.
FUNCTIONS OF
NOUNS
SUBJECT – VERB – COMPLEMENT – MODIFIER
(OBJECT)

DIRECT INDIRECT
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1) Subject
2) Direct Object
3) Indirect Object
4) Subject Complement
5) Object of preposition
6) Appositive
7) Object Complement
8) Nouns of Direct Address
1. As subject
The subject of the sentence tells “who” or” what” about
the verb in the sentence.
Examples:
 Richard kicked the ball over the
backyard fence.
 The thief robbed the jewellery store in
the shadow of darkness

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2. As direct object
The direct object in a sentence answers “whom” or
“what” after the action verb in the sentence.

Examples:
 Kim married Ha after a brief courtship.
 Rachel washed the dishes before she went to work.

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3. As indirect object
An indirect object represents a person or thing that receives the
effect of the action of the verb. It usually comes between the
verb and the direct object.

Examples:
 David taught the students public speaking in their second year at
university.
 Rachel brought her sister lunch because she was hungry.

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4. As subject complement
A noun that follows a linking verb in a sentence may
function as a subject complement. A subject complement
will always rename the subject of the sentence.

Examples:
 David is the lecturer at the local college.
 John is the brain behind the growing organization.

Note: Subject complements follow the linking verbs (to be, to appear, to
become, to feel, to grow, to look, to taste…) and rename the subject.
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5. As object of preposition
The object of preposition in the sentence is the last word
in a prepositional phrase.
Examples:
 The bus stopped at the traffic light.
 The boys played football in the backyard.

Note: To identify the object of preposition, you simply need to identify

the prepositional phrase.
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6. As apposition
An apposition explains or enhances a noun or pronoun
that comes just before it or a noun or pronoun that is
near to it.

Examples:
 My friend, John, delivered the good news to the directors of
company.
 My country, Viet Nam, is a wonderful place with many places to
holiday.

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7. As object complement
The object complement follows a direct object and
rename the direct object.

Examples:
 Sam named her dog Bubby.
 We considered Peter a friend of my family.

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8. As noun of direct address
The noun of direct address is used to address someone
or something.
Examples:
 Class, it is the time to break for music practice.
 People, listen to your leader.

Note: Remember a noun of direct address is normally someone or

something which is directly spoken to and is usually set off by comma
or commas.
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IV. NOUN PHRASE &
FUNCTIONS OF NOUN
PHRASES

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A. NOUN PHRASE DEFINITION
A noun phrase is a group of words with a noun or a pronoun as
the head and other constituents as modifiers.

Structure: Pre-modifiers + Head (noun) + Post- Modifiers

=> I want a cute puppy with blond hair for Christmas.
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1. Pre-modifiers
Articles, qualifiers, possessive nouns/pronouns, adjectives, participles
(V-ing/V3-ed). Position: stand before the head-noun

 Articles: a, an, the. Position: usually at the beginning of the phrase.

- a watch, the King, an athlete…

 Qualifiers: many, much, a lot of, lots of, a little, little, a few, few… Position:
often stand after article, if there’s no article the qualifiers stand at the begin
of the noun phrase.
- a lot of beautiful flowers, many people…
Note: all, both, half, twice, double, three times… can go by the article.
- all the workers in that company, half of the money…
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1. Pre-modifiers
Articles, qualifiers, possessive nouns/pronouns, adjectives, participles
(V-ing/V3-ed). Position: before the head-noun

 Possessive nouns: man’s hat, Susan’s cats, Tim’s ideas…

 Possessive pronoun: my, his, her, their, our, your, its…

Þ Position: go after qualifiers
- all of Susan’s cats, many your shoes, a little of its color, …

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1. Pre-modifiers
Example:
 Adjective: stand after possessive nouns/pronouns, and place in order
OSACOMP
 Opinion – tính từ chỉ quan điểm, sự đánh giá. Ví dụ: beautiful, wonderful,
terrible…
 Size/Shape – tính từ chỉ kích cỡ. Ví dụ: big, small, long, short, tall…
 Age – tính từ chỉ độ tuổi. Ví dụ: old, young, old, new…
 Color – tính từ chỉ màu sắc. Ví dụ: orange, yellow, light blue, dark brown ….
 Origin – tính từ chỉ nguồn gốc, xuất xứ. Ví dụ: Japanese, American, British,
Vietnamese…
 Material – tính từ chỉ chất liệu . Ví dụ: stone, plastic, leather, steel, silk…
 Purpose – tính từ chỉ mục đích, tác dụng.
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31
1. Pre-modifiers
 Adjectives: stand after possessive nouns/pronouns, and place in order
OSACOMP
E.g: a fat old lady, a small shiny black leather handbag, a beautiful small new round blue
Japanese wooden rolling doll (Một con búp bê lăn bằng gỗ của Nhật màu xanh mới hình
tròn nhỏ đẹp).

 Participle: position of the participles are before Head noun. Participles play
the functions as adjectives modifying the Head.
- Present participle V-ing : have a progressive or active meaning
=> an interesting film, the baking dog…
- Past participle V3-ed : have a completed or passive meaning
=> a well-trained dog, a broken chair
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2. HEAD
Nouns: uncountable, countable, singular, plural, common,
proper, concrete, abstract, compound, collective

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3. Post-modifiers

a) Prepositional phrase
b) Participle phrase
c) Adjective clause

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3. Post-modifiers

a) Prepositional phrases: a group of words begin with a

preposition, stand next to the head to modify the head.

Example:
 The man with black hair is my brother
 I have just seen the dog behind the fence

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3. Post-modifiers
b) Participle phrases:
o Present participle V-ing
Example:
 The man standing over there has the letter. (the man who is standing over
there).
 He passes through the dog lying on the ground (the dog which is lying on the
ground)

o Past participle V3/ed

Example:
 The book sent to me is very interesting. (The book which is sent to me)
 The house built on the top of that hill is my house (The house which was built)
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3. Post-modifiers

c) Adjective clauses: a dependent clause that modifies

the Head. It tells which one or what kind. Adjective clauses
almost come right after the nouns they modify.

Example:
 The girl whom you talked to is my girlfriend.
 The book that you sent to me yesterday is my favorite novel.

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B. FUNCTIONS OF THE NOUN
PHRASES
1. Subjects
2. Direct Objects
3. Indirect Objects
4. Subject Complements
5. Object Complements
6. Object Of Preposition

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1. SUBJECTS

The first grammatical function that noun phrase perform

is the subject.

Example:

 That sophisticated woman is beautiful.

 The exhibition of Roman paintings has attracted many
art students.

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2. DIRECT OBJECTS
The second function that noun phrase perform is the
direct object. A direct object follows a transitive verb,
answers the question “who?” or “what?” and receives
the action of the verb.

Example:

 The children ate all the cookies.

 My professor recommended an extremely captivating book.

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3. INDIRECT OBJECTS
Noun phrase can role as the indirect object. An indirect
object represents a person or thing that receives the
effect of the action of the verb. It usually comes
between the verb and the direct object.
Example:

 The woman gave the cat a bath.

 The child drew his mother a picture.

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4. SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS
A noun phrase also performs as the subject complement.
A subject complement follows linking verb and describes
or renames the subject of a clause.

Example:

 John became a medical doctor last year.

 Ho Chi Minh city is the largest city in Vietnam.
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5. OBJECT COMPLEMENTS
The fifth grammatical function that noun phrases
perform is the object complement. Object complements
directly follow and modify the direct object.

Example:

 We consider our puppy our baby.

 We made the players world class players.

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6. OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
The last grammatical function that noun phrases
perform is the prepositional complement. A prepositional
complement directly follows a preposition and
completes the meaning of the prepositional phrase.

Example:

 The students studied during their spring break.

 His mom is gazing at behind the window.

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V. NOUN CLAUSE & FUNCTIONS
OF NOUN CLAUSES

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A. NOUN CLAUSE DEFINITION

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A. NOUN CLAUSE DEFINITION
INTRODUCTORY WORD SUBJECT VERB

• Relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose, what…

• Indefinite relative pronouns: whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever…
• Subordinating conjunctions: how, if, when, whenever, where, wherever,
whether, why…

For example:
 I know that it happened.
 I know how it happened.
 I know why it happened.
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B. FUNCTIONS OF NOUN CLAUSES
1. Subject
2. Subject complement
3. Direct object
4. Indirect object
5. Object of preposition
6. Adjective complement
7. Apposition
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1. SUBJECT
In the following examples, the noun clause is acting as the subject in
the sentence.

 What I had forgotten was that I had a test today.

 What I say is true.
 That John didn’t call me makes me very angry.
 When we eat is up to him

Formula: What/where/when/why/that.. + S + V + V

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2. SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
In the examples below the noun clauses answer or define the first part
of the sentence. A complement re-states or gives more information
about the subject. It always follows a state-of-being verb (is, are, am,
will be, was, were).

 The problem is how we can find the best solution for our company.
 The main point of the speech is what is happening with our
environment.
 Michael’s excuse was that he had forgotten to set his alarm.

Formula: S + tobe + what/why/that/where/when/… + S + V

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3. DIRECT OBJECT
In the following examples, the noun clause is acting as the direct
object in the sentence.

 He knows all about art, but he doesn’t know what he likes.

 I don’t understand what she is saying.
 You must choose which flavor of ice cream you want.

Formula: S + V + what/why/where/when/who/… + S + V
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4. INDIRECT OBJECT
In the following examples, the noun clause is acting as the indirect
object in the sentence. The indirect object is affected by the action of
the verb, but it is not its main object.

 She choose to photograph whomever was willing to pose for her.

 I will tell whoever will listen my frightening story.
 I will give what you said some thought.

Formula: S + V + what/why/where/when/who/… + S + V
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5. OBJECT OF PREPOSITION

In the following examples, the noun clause is acting as the object of

the preposition in the sentence.

 Josie is not interesting in whatever Kate says.

 The results depend on what they want.
 I never know how much of what I say is true.

Formula: S + V/be + (adj) + Preposition + where/what/why/when/that/… + S + V

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6. ADJECTIVE COMPLEMENT
An adjective complement is a phrase or clause that provides
information necessary to complete an adjective phrase’s meaning. In
the following examples, the noun clause is acting as the adjective
complement in the sentence.

 He was upset that she couldn’t come.

 Jenifer seemed angry that Tony refused to help her.
 I’m excited that you come to my birthday party.

Formula: S + V/be + Adj + That + S + V

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7. APPOSITION
An noun clause also acts as the apposition in the sentence. An
apposition explains or enhances a noun or pronoun that comes just
before it or a noun or pronoun that is near to it.

 It is certain that we will have to admit defeat.

 The report that only ten persons were killed in the riots is not true.
 It was fortunate that he was present.

Formula: S + that + S + V + V
Or S + V + that + S + V
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EXERCISES
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I. Choose the correct answer for each question
1. Mary gave the man wearing glasses that letter at the train station.
A. Nouns are Mary, man, wearing, glasses, letter, train, station
B. Nouns are Mary, the, man, glasses, letter, the, train station
C. Nouns are Mary, man, glasses, letter, train, station
D. Nouns are: Mary, man, glasses, letter, train station
2. There are too many ______ in town.
A. child B. children C. childs
D. childrens
3. Tommy went into the garden and picked a few fresh ______ for dinner.
A. tomatoses B. tomatos
C. tomatoes C. tomato

57
I. Choose the correct answer for each question
4. Helen needs _______.
A. a piece of honey B. a slice of honey
C. a bar of honey D. a bottle of honey
5. Every room in the house has _____.
A. the fire-places B. an fireplace
C. a fireplace D. the fire places
6. The news ____ good.
A. are B. is
7. I have been invited to the ________ for dinner.
B. boss’ house B. boss’s house
8. My ______ are beautiful.
C. nieces’ dresses B. nieces’s dresses
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I. Choose the correct answer for each question
9. He fed the monkey bananas.
A. “monkey” is used as a direct object
B. “monkey” is used as an indirect object
C. “monkey” is used as an subject complement
D. “monkey” is used as an appositive

10. Joe broke his nose in a fight.

A. “fight” is used as an objective complement
B. “fight” is used as a noun of direct address
C. “fight” is used as an object of preposition
D. “fight” is used as an appositive
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II. Rewrite the sentences below

1. The/ worn by Hanna/dress/ is the most beautiful one.

=> The dress worn by Hanna is the most beautiful one.
(subject)
2. She gives him wallet/ a leather/ that she/ just/ has/ bought.
=> She gives him a leather wallet that she has just bought.
(direct object)
3. She became a/ ballet/ good/ dancer.
=> She became a good ballet dancer. (subject complement) 60
II. Rewrite the sentences below

4. The pirate captain met his fellow at/ biggest/ the/ cave.

=> The pirate captain met his fellow at the biggest cave. (object
of preposition)

5. They called Rudolph Reindeer/ the/ Red-nose.

Þ They called Rudolph the Red-nose Reindeer. (objective
complement)
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III. CORRECT THE FORM OF THE WORDS IN
BRACKETS

1. (Whom) sent us this letter should have signed his or her

name.
=> Whoever/Who sent us this letter (subject)

2. I can not rely on (why/that/what) he says.

=> what/whatever he says (prepositional object)
3. The news (if/what/that) he is alive has been confirmed.

=> that he is alive (apposition)

62
III. CORRECT THE FORM OF THE WORDS IN
BRACKETS

4. After I went out, I suddenly realized (how/when/that) I had

forgotten to take the key.
=> that/(__) I had forgotten to take the key. (direct object.)
5. She is uncertain (what/that/whether) she made the right
decision.
Þ whether she made the right decision. (adjective
complement)
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THANK
S!
Any questions?
You can find us at
dantam1808@gmail.com
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“
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BIG CONCEPT
Bring the attention of your audience over a key concept
using icons or illustrations
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“
Quotations are commonly printed as
a means of inspiration and to invoke
philosophical thoughts from the
reader.

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BIG CONCEPT
Bring the attention of your audience over a key concept
using icons or illustrations
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IN 2 OR 3 COLUMNS
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of blood,
butter and ripe lemons. clear sky and the deep and because of this it
In the spectrum of sea. It is located has historically been
visible light, yellow is between violet and associated with
found between green green on the optical sacrifice, danger and
and orange. spectrum. courage.

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A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND
WORDS

A complex idea can be

conveyed with just a single still
image, namely making it
possible to absorb large amounts
of data quickly.

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Want big
impact?

USE BIG
IMAGE
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USE CHARTS TO EXPLAIN YOUR IDEAS

White Gray Black

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AND TABLES TO COMPARE DATA

A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16

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MAPS

our office

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89,526,124
Whoa! That’s a big number, aren’t you proud?

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 That’s a lot
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first second last

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LET’S REVIEW SOME CONCEPTS
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of
visible light, yellow is found
between green and orange.
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of
visible light, yellow is found
between green and orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky
and the deep sea. It is located
between violet and green on the
optical spectrum.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky
and the deep sea. It is located
between violet and green on the
optical spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and
courage.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and
courage.
81
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