Noun is the name of a person, place, animal or thing.

Family House
Mom Dad

Tom Sara

cat

Goofie
 Kinds of Nouns
There are 4 types of Nouns:
Common Nouns: The name given
in general to all persons, animals, E.g., officers, deputy,
places or things of the same kind. elephant, city, furniture,
etc.
Proper Nouns: Special name given
to a particular person, place, E.g. Doremon, Steve
animal or thing. Martin, Cuba, Shanghai,
Collective Nouns: Name of a etc.
group or a collection of the same E.g. army, troop, swarm,
kind of persons, animals or things. bouquet, etc.
Abstract Nouns: Nouns that name the
qualities in persons, animals or things.It E.g. honesty, liberty,
cannot be detected by the five senses of
freedom, love,
touch, taste, sight, sound or smell.
knowledge, courage,etc.
 Verbs

A verb is defined as an action word.

Verb’ comes from the Latin word ‘verbum’, meaning ‘a word’.

climb run sit

 To be Verbs
Some verbs don’t indicate action. They are called – to be verbs
(is, are, was, were). They indicate the status of the subject.
Verbs may tell us:
 What a person or a thing does; as,
E.g.:
Andrew laughs. The clock strikes. The dog bit the man.
 What is done to a person or thing; as,

Brenda is scolded. The window is broken. The man is sitting on

a chair.
 What a person or thing is; as,
E.g.:
The cat is dead. Glass is brittle. She is a smart girl.
 Verbs Subject and Object

The subject is what does the action of the verb

and the object is what receives the action.

Example:

Subject • Bob ate a hamburger. Object

Bob is the subject or the one who did the eating.

The hamburger is the object or what got eaten.
The sentence sounds correct only when each of these
parts is in their correct forms.
 Subject – Verb Agreement

• The verb in a sentence should agree with:

1. The subject in ‘number’ (singular and plural)

E.g. : This child is naughty.

These children are naughty.

Children - plural Child - singular

 Subject – Verb Agreement
• The verb in a sentence should agree with:
2. With its subject in persons.
E.g. : I am grateful to you.
We are satisfied.
First Second Third
Person Person Person
Singular: I speak You speak well. He/ She speaks
well. well.
Plural: We speak All of you speak They speak well.
well. well.

Remember:
An ‘s’ ending on a verb usually indicates that it is used along
with a singular noun.
Subject – Verb Agreement

3. Two singular nouns joined by ‘and’ require a

plural verb.
E.g. :
Gold and silver are precious metals.

4. When two singular words in the subject are

taken as a single idea then the verb is singular
even though it might be connected by ‘and’.
E.g. :
‘Bread and butter’ is his only food.
(Here ‘bread and butter’ is taken as a single
idea.)
Subject – Verb Agreement
5. When the subject is made up of two or more singular
nouns connected by or, use a singular verb.

E.g. : No nook or corner was left unexplored.

Our happiness or our sorrow is largely due to
our own actions.

6. ‘Each’, ‘either’, ‘neither’, ‘everyone’, ‘one of them’, ‘none

of them’, ‘anybody’, ‘nobody’, etc. takes a singular verb.

E.g. : Neither of the stories has any moral.

Everyone has contributed to the flood relief fund.
Subject – Verb Agreement

7. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the

collection is thought of as a whole.

E.g. : The committee has issued its report.

8. Nouns like the following are always plural.

(because they are made of two parts).

E.g. : Your tweezers were broken.

My trousers are torn.
The pants are yellow in colour.
 Activity Time
Identify the mistakes in the following sentences and suggest the correct answer.

• Each of these states are rich Each of these states is rich in

in minerals. minerals.
• The mob have gathered The mob has gathered quickly.
quickly.
• The scissors is very blunt. The scissors are very blunt.
• Ron and I is playing
Ron and I are playing basketball.
basketball.
• One of the thieves were
caught on the spot. One of the thieves was caught
on the spot.
Fishy phrase (G.O.)

_____________________________________________________
 Phrasal Verb consists of a verb and another word or phrase,
_____________________________________________________
usually a preposition.
_____________________________________________________
E.g. : She's looking after the kids. (taking care)
_____________________________________________________
I’ve decided to give up coffee. (stop having)
_____________________________________________________
 A phrasal verb has a meaning which is different from the original
_____________________________________________________
verb.
_____________________________________________________
 Phrasal verbs are usually used informally in everyday speech.
_____________________________________________________
 Adverbs can team up with a verb to create a phrasal verb.
_____________________________________________________
E.g. She was sitting close beside him.
 One phrasal verb can have multiple meanings
_____________________________________________________
E.g. Drop off (decline gradually, fall asleep, stop and give
_____________________________________________________
something to someone)
_____________________________________________________
Phrasal Verbs: Examples
Phrasal Verbs: Examples
Phrasal Verbs: Examples
Phrasal Verbs: Examples
Phrasal Verbs: Examples
 Activity Time
Suggest the correct Phrasal Verbs for the following sentences:
Meena has to cut up her expenses to go on a trip next year.(reduce
spending)
Meena has to cut back her expenses to go on a trip next year.

I have decided to give under smoking.(surrender)

.
I have decided to give up smoking.

Dorothy put off her coat and went out.(put clothing on a body)

Dorothy put on her coat and went out.

Suggest the correct Phrasal Verbs for the following sentences:

The game was called in because of bad weather.(to cancel

something)
The game was called off because of bad weather.

He was brought under by his grandmother.(raise children)

He was brought up by his grandmother.

The fire must have broken through during the night.(appear violently)

The fire must have broken out during the night.