Doan Thi Diem Secondary School English 7-8

Name: ………………….. Class: ……. Grammar

Grammar 5. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE

I.

when verbs in relative clause are in active

II. voice

Adjective Clause Adjective Phrase

I saw a man who was badly injured
I saw a man badly injured in
in the accident
the accident.
They’re rebuilding which was damaged in
They’re building damaged in the
the house the storm.
the house storm.
Who is the student who is punished for

misbehavior? Who is the student punished for

misbehavior?
III. Change Adjective Clauses to Infinitive Phrases.
Adjective clause To infinitive

Tom is the last who enters the room. Tom is the last person to enter the room.
person
There are six letters to be written today.
There are six letters which have to be written
today.
I have many to do.
I have many that I must do. homework
homework
Doan Thi Diem Secondary School English 7-8
Name: ………………….. Class: ……. Grammar
IV. Change Adjective Clauses to Noun Phrases.
Main clause Adjective clause Main clause Noun phrase

Football, which is a popular Football, a popular sport, is

My father,
We visited Barcelona,
sport, is very good for very good for health
health
My father, a pilot, often goes
who is a pilot, often abroad.
goes abroad.
We visited Barcelona, a city in the
which is a city in the northern Spain.
northern Spain.

V. Practice
Exercise 1: Circle the best option.
1. The boy .................................... guitar is my brother.
A. plays B. playing C. played D. to play
2. The ideas .............................. in that book are interesting.
A. present B. presenting C. to present D. presents
3. The last person .......................... the room must turn off the light.
A. leaving B. leaves C. to leave D. leave
4. They work in a hospital ............................... by the government.
A. sponsored B. sponsors C. sponsoring D. sponsor
5. He was the first person ....................... Mr. Smith.
A. seeing B. sees C. to see D. see
6. Do you know the woman ......................... toward us?
A. coming B. to come C. comes D. come
7. The children ........................... that school receive a good education.
A. attend B. to attend C. attending D. attends
8. The man .............................. to John is my brother.
A. speaking B. to speak C. speaks D. speak
9. The man ........................ her the book is my father.
A. give B. giving C. gives D. to give
10. I have seen Paris, ........................
A. that the capital city of France B. it is the capital city of France
C. the capital city of France D. where is the capital city of France
11. The Love Valley, .........................., is now deserted.
A. one of Da Lat’s tourism attractions B. is one of Da Lat’s tourism attractions
C. which one of Da Lat’s tourism attractions D. being one of Da Lat’s tourism atractions
12. John, ......................., has got married to a famous pop singer.
Mệnh đề đồng vị chủ ngữ
Doan Thi Diem Secondary School English 7-8
Name: ………………….. Class: ……. Grammar
A. a brother B. is my brother C. my brother D. who my brother
13. George Washington, ......................................., was a general in the army.
A. the first president of the USA B. who the first presidents of the USA is
C. first president of the USA D. is the first president of the USA
14. We visited Barcelona, ........................................
A. which a city in northern Spain C. is a city in northern Spain
B. a city in northern Spain D. in northern Spain
15. Micheal Owen, ..........................., is mostly unknown in the USA.
A. is famous name in British football B. with a famous name in British football
C. a famous name in British football D. who famous in British football
16. English is an important language .............................
A. to master B. mastering C. masters D. master
17. There is a good restaurant ..................... .
A. to eat good food B. eating good food C. eat good food D. eat good food
18. There’s not much ................. today.
A. which to do B. to do C. doing D. for doing
19. I have nothing ................................ to you.
A. which I say B. saying C. to say D. for saying
20. Here is the form for you ..................
A. fill in B. filling in C. to fill in D. for filling in
21. I come from a city that ................... in the southern part of the country.
A. located B. locating C. locates D. locate
22. Be sure to follow the instructions ........................ at the top of the page.
A. giving B. given C. to give D. gives
23. They live in the house ............................. in 1890.
A. to build B. building C. built D. build
24. The papers .......................... belong to Patrica.
A. that on the table B. where on the table C. on the table D. is on the table
25. The number of students ............................... is quite high.
A. counted B. be counted C. counting D. to count
Exercise 2. Replace the relative clause by an infinitive or infinitive phrases:
1. You have some letters that you must write.
You have some letter to write.
-> ................................................................................................................................
2. If she had a family that she had to cook for, she would be more interesting.
Doan Thi Diem Secondary School English 7-8
Name: ………………….. Class: ……. Grammar
if she had a family to cook for, she would be more interested
-> ................................................................................................................................
3. I haven’t anyone that I can go with.
I haven't anyone to go with.
-> ................................................................................................................................
4. She hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards.
she hadn't anyone to send cards to.
-> ................................................................................................................................
5. Here is the novel that she should read.
Here is the novel for her to read.
-> ................................................................................................................................
6. We have some picture books that children can read.
we hae some picture books for children to read.
-> ................................................................................................................................
7. Have you got a key that can unlock this door?
Have you got a key to unlock this door?
-> ................................................................................................................................
8. There are six letters that have to be written today.
there are six letters to be written today.
-> ................................................................................................................................
9. I wish I had a box that I could keep my cards in.
I wish i had a box to keep my cards in .
-> ................................................................................................................................
10. The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
The child would be happier if he had someone to play with.
-> ................................................................................................................................
Exercise 3: Replace the To- infinitive phrases by relative clauses:
1. The last student to be interviewed was Tom.
The last student who was interviewed was Tom.
-> …………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I was the only person to see the difficulty.
I was the only person who saw the difficulty.
-> …………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I have some letters to type right now.
I have some letters which I have to type right now.
-> …………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The last person to leave the room must turn out the lights.
the last person who leaves the room must turn out the lights.
-> …………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. We had a lake to swim in.
we had a lake where we could swim.
-> …………………………………………………………………………………………………
in
6. Here is an application form for you to fill in.
Here is an application form that you should fill in.
-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………… which
7. John was the first boy to reach the top.
john was the first boy who reached the top.
-> …………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything to sit on.
We had to eat standing up because we hadn't anything which we could sit on.
-> …………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The air-hostess was the only person to survive the crash.
The air-hostess was the only person who survived the crash
-> …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Doan Thi Diem Secondary School English 7-8
Name: ………………….. Class: ……. Grammar
10. He was the first man to leave the burning building.
he was the first man who left the burning building
-> …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 4: Rewrite the following sentences using reduced relative clauses.
1. The couple who met me at the station took me out to dinner.
The couple meeting me at the station took me out to dinner
...............................................................................................................................................................
2. We’re taking the train that leaves at 6.00.
we're taking the train leaving at 6.00
...............................................................................................................................................................
3. Mark is the only man who reach the top of the Everest.
Mark is the only man to reach the top of the Everest
...............................................................................................................................................................
4. I have some letter that I must write.
I have some letter to write.
...............................................................................................................................................................
5. I wish I had a box that I could keep my letter in.
I wish i had a box to keep my letter in
...............................................................................................................................................................
6. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
I come from a city located in the southern part of the country
...............................................................................................................................................................
7. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
He was the second man to be killed in this way.
...............................................................................................................................................................
8. Here is the novel that she should read.
here is the novel for her to read
...............................................................................................................................................................
9. The man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
The man to be interviewed was entirely unsuitable
...............................................................................................................................................................
10. George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
Geogre is the man to be chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
...............................................................................................................................................................
11. I don’t like my son playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
I don't like my son playing in the street. I wish we had a garden for him to play in.
...............................................................................................................................................................
12. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
He sinply loves to be the first to come and the last to leave
...............................................................................................................................................................
13. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
The last person to leave the room must turn off the lights.
...............................................................................................................................................................
14. My father, who is a pilot, is very frightened of birds.
My father, a pilot, is very frightened of birds.
...............................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 5: Complete these sentences, using reduced relative clauses.
1. They live in beautiful old house. The house was built 100 years ago.
they live in a beautiful old house built 100 years ago.
...............................................................................................................................................................
2. The man who is standing behind that counter can give you more information.
the man standing behind that counter can give you more information
Doan Thi Diem Secondary School English 7-8
Name: ………………….. Class: ……. Grammar
...............................................................................................................................................................
3. Luggage which is left unattended will be taken away by the police.
luggage left unattended will be taken away by the police
...............................................................................................................................................................
4. Who’s that pretty woman who is speaking to the teacher?
who's that pretty woman speaking to th teacher?
...............................................................................................................................................................
5. Letters which are posted before twelve noon will usually be delivered by the next day.
letter posted before twelve noon will usually be delivered by the next day
...............................................................................................................................................................
6. Are those your clothes that are hanging over the balcony?
Are those your clothes hanging over the balcony?
...............................................................................................................................................................
7. The man who was accused of stealing the money refused to answer the police’s enquiries.
The man accused of stealing the money fesued to answer the police's enquiries
...............................................................................................................................................................
8. The nurse who is looking after my grandmother is very kind to her.
the nurse looking after my grandmother is very kind to her
...............................................................................................................................................................
9. All the rubbish that is floating in this canal is a real danger to health.
all the rubbish floating in this canal is a real danger to health
...............................................................................................................................................................
10. Ham which is made in the traditional way costs more, but tastes better.
Ham made in the traditional way costs more, but tastes better.
...............................................................................................................................................................
11. Women tourists who are wearing shorts are not allowed in the temple.
women tourists wearing shorts are not allowes in the temple
...............................................................................................................................................................
12. Mike thought that the man who was dancing with his girlfriend was her brother.
Mike thought that the man dancing with his girlfriend was her brother
...............................................................................................................................................................
13. The woman who was bitten by my dog was my boss’s wife.
The woman bitten by my dog was my boss's wife.
...............................................................................................................................................................
14. Pauline has a very strange painting of a woman who is holding a small dog.
Pauline has a very strange painting of a woman holding a small dog.
...............................................................................................................................................................
15. I know that one of the children has broken my window. The children are playing football in
the street.
I know one of the children playing football in the street has broken my window.
...............................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences using reduced relative clauses.
1. He is always the person who comes first and leaves last.
He is always the person coming first and leaving last
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.
I've got a bottle of wine but i haven't got anything to open it with.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
Doan Thi Diem Secondary School English 7-8
Name: ………………….. Class: ……. Grammar
I don't like him playing in the
…………………………………………………………………………………………street; i wish we had a garden for him to play in.
4. The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with.
the floor is dirty but I haven't got a brush to sweep it with.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box that I could keep them in.
My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box to keep them in.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send
cards.
She said that she wasn't going to buy any cards; she hadn't anyone to send cards to
…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. You are the last person who saw her alive.
You are the last person to see her alive
…………………………………………………………………………………………
8. He simple loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
He simple loves parties. He is always the first to come and the last to go
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde.
The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to have been built on the Clyde.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
10. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
He was the second man to be killed in this way
…………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
NA was the first man to walk on the moon.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament.
LA was the first woman to take her seat in P
…………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Here are some accounts that you must check.
Here are some accounts for you to check
…………………………………………………………………………………………
14. People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss .
ppl listening to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss
…………………………………………………………………………………………
15. He was the man who was saved in the fire .
he was the man to be saved in the fire
…………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Anyone who doesn’t want to take part in the meeting must inform the board.
Anyone not wanting to take part in the meeting must inform the board
…………………………………………………………………………………………
17. The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan.
The teacher taking the responsibility for the class is MS lan
…………………………………………………………………………………………
18. .She’s just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin.
She's just bought a handbag made of crocodile skin
…………………………………………………………………………………………
19. I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time.
I met a man working in this factory for a long time
…………………………………………………………………………………………
20. The story which was told by my grandma was interesting.
The story told by my grandma was interesting
…………………………………………………………………………………………
21. The woman who is talking to your mother is my aunt.
the woman talking to your mother is my aunt.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
22. The man who is standing by the window is my uncle.
Doan Thi Diem Secondary School English 7-8
Name: ………………….. Class: ……. Grammar
…………………………………………………………………………………………
The man standing by the window is my uncle
23. All those who do not need to buy tickets please go straight in.
all those not needing to buy tickets please go straight in
…………………………………………………………………………………………
24. The first vineyard which I ever saw was in Germany.
The first vineyard ever seen by me was in germany
…………………………………………………………………………………………
25. Wikipedia, which was launched in 2001, is one of the great internet successes.
Wikipedia, launched in 2001, is one of the great interest successes
…………………………………………………………………………………………
26. All the candidates who were selected were given a second interview.
all the candicates selected were given a second interview
…………………………………………………………………………………………
27. All those who passed the test were given a second interview.
all those passing the test were given a second interview
…………………………………………………………………………………………
28. The bouquet was made from flowers which were grown locally.
The bouquet was made from flowers grown locally
…………………………………………………………………………………………
29. This is the man who I was talking to you about.
This is the man I was talking to you about
…………………………………………………………………………………………
30. LOL, which stands for Laughing Out Loud, is now in the Oxford English Dictionary.
LOL standing for Laughing Out Loud is now in the Oxford English Dictionary
…………………………………………………………………………………………