Day 1

Technical
Training‐ O&M
1
Ice‐breaker: 2 Truths 1 Lie
Tell us the following about yourself:
1.Name
2.Which Zone and Cluster you represent
3.What are your expectations from this
training
4.Any 2 TRUTHs and any 1 LIE about yourself
and write them on the white board… & what
does everyone else have to do…CATCH THE
LIE!!!
2
Training Norms
No unfair jokes
No smoking No below the belt remarks
Be punctual
Cell phones to
be switched off
3
Outline of the program‐ Day 1
– Program Overview
• Objective
• WIIFM
• Pre test
– Relevant Basic
– Earthing
– Power Circuit Diagram of site
– Standard Site configuration
– Basic site hygiene (Standard "critical parameter settings" and "Site Audit")
– Cabling system
– Weekly fault tracker and analysis thereof
– Energy analysis to be done by CI & ZOM
– Inclusions & exclusions in existing AMCs
– NMS
– NOC
– Tower maintenance
– Critical KPIs
– Summary of the Day
4
– Day 1 Recap
– SMPS
– DG set
• Classroom
• Onsite
– Summary of the Day
5
– Day 2 Recap
– PIU
– AC
– PCM
– Shelter
– DC DG
– Battery Bank
– Program Re‐cap
– Post Test
6
7
Let’s Start with….
Program Overview
8
Program Objective
After successful completion of the 3 day Technical for O&M training program, the participants
will learn and gain a better understanding of the following:
‐ Relevant Basics
‐ Earthing
‐ Power circuit diagram of site
‐ Standard site configurations
‐ Basic site hygiene (Standard "critical parameter settings" and "Site Audit")
‐ Cabling system
‐ Weekly fault tracker and analysis thereof
‐ Energy analysis to be done by CI & ZOM
‐ Inclusions & exclusions in existing AMCs
‐ NMS
‐ NOC
‐ Tower maintenance
‐ Critical KPIs
‐ PIU
‐ AC
‐ PCM
‐ Shelter
‐ DCDG
‐ DG
‐ SMPS
‐ Battery
9
WIIFM
Better understanding of technology & systems shall
help you –
• In better understanding of functioning of site
• Proactive trouble shooting
• Better interaction with vendors to reduce MTTR
• The above will help in improving your score of KPIs (i.e.:
improvement in your performance
10
Pre- Test
Relevant Basics
13
Table of Content
• Topic
Energy
Electrical Energy
Isolation transformer
Surge Protection Devices (SPD)
Panels & Distribution boards
Electrical Measurements
14
Let’s start with Energy!!
15
Energy
• Define Energy
Energy is defined as the ability to do work
• List a few forms of energy
Nuclear energy
Heat energy
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Electrical energy
16
Energy
• Typical units used for measuring energy are
Joule
BTU
kWh
Calorie
• Joule
Joule [1 J = 1 Nm = 1 kg*m2/s2]
• BTU
BTU (British Thermal Unit = 1 055.05 J)
• kWh
kWh (1 kilo‐Watt‐Hour = 1000Watts x 1Hr = 3600 kJ)
• Calorie
Calorie (1Cal = 4.1868 J)
17
Let’s understand Electrical Energy!!
18
Electrical Energy
• Why Energy in form of Electricity is preffered?
Electric Energy is easiest form of energy to transmit
from one place to another
Electric Energy is easiest form of energy to convert in
other forms of energies (heater, bulbs, motor, etc)
• There are basically two forms of Electrical Energy
AC = Alternate Current DC = Direct
Current
19
Electrical Energy
• Reasons due to which Electrical energy in AC
form is preferred over DC
AC is naturally generated form of electricity
when generated using electromagnetic
generation (that is all the moving generators in
the world).
AC is easy to step‐up or step‐down the voltage
level for transmission & usage
20
Electrical Energy
• Reasons to use 3Ø (Three‐Phase) system
3Ø system provide the maximum line‐voltage (voltage
between any two phases) for the same phase‐voltage
(voltage between any one phase & neutral)
3Ø system use less conductor material to transmit
electric power than equivalent single‐phase, two‐phase
or direct‐current systems at the same voltage
• 1Ø – Single phase – 1 phase conductor & 1 neutral
conductor
• 3Ø – Three Phase – 3 phases conductors & 1 neutral
conductor
21
Let’s recall a few Electrical Formulae!!
22
Electrical Formulae
• DC
Power = Voltage x Current
W = V x I
• 1Ø AC
Power = Voltage x Current x Power factor
W = V x I x CosØ
• 3Ø AC
Power = √3 x Line Voltage x Line Current x Power factor
W = √3 x VL x IL x CosØ
• Line Voltage = Voltage between any 2 phases
• Phase Voltage = Voltage between any phase &
neutral 23
Electrical Formulae
• Star connected system – (3 phases & 1 neutral) (In
telecom industry, we shall have this only)
Line Voltage = √3 x Phase Voltage
Line current = Phase current
• Delta connected system – (3 phases & no neutral)
Line Voltage = Phase Voltage
Line current = √3 x Phase current
• Power –
1 kW = 1000W
1 HP = 746 W
W = Watts
HP = Horse Power
24
Electrical Formulae
• Other
W or kW => Active power
VA or kVA => Apparent power
W = VA x CosØ
Energy = Power x Time
WH = W x H
kWH = kW x H
• E.g. 1kW microwave oven, used for 2 hours Energy used by
Microwave oven 1 kW x 2 hours = 2 kWh
25
Electrical Formulae
• Efficiency
Efficiency = Output / Input
η = O/p / I/p
• Grids Phase‐voltage & Frequency in India ‐
Phase‐voltage = 230V
Frequency = 50Hz
26
Let’s learn about Isolation
Transformer!!
27
Isolation Transformer
An isolation transformer is a 1:1 power transformer
which is used as a safety precaution
It electrically decouples the two connected circuits
Isolation transformers block transmission of DC signals
from one circuit to the other, but allow AC signals to pass
It allows us to create our own neutral which is safer than
using the neutral coming from the grid
28
Let’s understand
Surge Protection Devices (SPD)!!
R
R
Y
Y
B
B
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
N
N
SPD 4
SPD 4
PE
PE
29
• What is SPD?
An SPD is a Voltage sensitive switch. Higher
the voltage applied to it, lower is its R
R
resistance. Due to this property, it’s also Y
Y
B
called a Negative Resistance Device (NRD) B
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
N
• Usage of SPD? N
An SPD protects equipment from voltage
SPD 4
SPD 4
surges by shorting the high voltage PE
impulses/transients to ground PE
30
• Different Classes of SPDs
Class‐A:
This is a rod‐gap type SPD
This is used on that electric pole from which
the power is tapped for the site
Class‐B: (Refer diagram)
This is an MOV type SPD (MOV between all
phases & neutral and spark‐gap type between
neutral & ground)
This is used at the point where the power‐line
in entering the building
31
• Different Classes of SPDs
R
Class‐C: (Refer diagram) Y
R
Y
This is similar to class‐B SPD but of lesser B
B
capacity
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
N
N
This is used inside the building at the input of
various equipment
SPD 4
SPD 4
PE
PE
Class‐D:
This is an open (not encapsulated) MOV used
at PCB level inside the equipment
32
• Functioning of SPD?
R
In the switched‐on state it is a low impedance Y
R
Y
path (as good as a short‐circuit) B
B
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
In the normal state it is a very high N
N
impedance path (as good as an open‐ circuit)
SPD 4
SPD 4
The transition time is nanoseconds or PE
PE
microseconds, depending on the technology;
this is known as the response time
33
• When the voltage is normal, an SPD is in
R
“open circuit” state Y
R
Y
B
B
• As soon as the voltage goes higher than its
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
rated voltage, SPD becomes a “short N
N
circuit” & by‐passes the higher voltage so
that it does not reach the load
SPD 4
SPD 4
PE
PE
34
• Important specifications for an SPD
Let‐through voltage:
R
This specifies the max voltage which will be Y
R
applied to the equipment protected by that B
Y
B
SPD
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3

SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
Minimum let‐through voltage for a Class‐C
N
SPD which starts acting at 280V is 1kV N
(1000V)
SPD 4
Max discharge current:
SPD 4
PE
PE
This specifies the max current which an SPD
can pass through itself without getting
damaged.
Typically its in range of 40kA, 50kA, 100kA,
etc
35
• Important specifications for an SPD
Response time:
R
Surge protectors take few ns (nano‐seconds) to Y
R
kick in B
Y
B
The longer the response time the longer the
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
connected equipment will be exposed to the
N
surge N
SPD 4
SPD 4
• Standards for an SPD PE
PE
The IS 15086 , IEC 61024
Each standard defines SPD characteristics, test
vectors, operational purpose, etc.
36
Let’s learn a few points about
Panels & Distribution boards!!
37
Panels & Distribution Board
• Reasons of overheating in panels & DBs ‐
Overload
Loose connections
Under‐sized cables, breakers, SFUs , busbars , etc.
Less cooling
• The only unprotected part ‐
Links/wires joining bus‐bars & outgoing breakers/SFUs
• Precautions for them ‐
Use links of proper size
Avoid overloading
Avoid twisting ,stretching ,pressing of links
Avoid high temperature inside the panels or DBs
38
Panels & Distribution Board
• Keep interiors clean to avoid/minimize leakage
• Weight of cables should not be supported by
terminals
• MCBs should never be installed up‐side‐down
• If it is up‐side‐down it may get burnt while tripping
under fault condition
39
Let’s learn a few points about
Electrical Measurements!!
40
• Classification of loads based on shape of the waveform of
current drawn ‐
Linear load
Loads for which current waveform is of the same shape as
voltage waveform
Motors not controlled by a drive & incandescent lamps
Linear load=> Sinusoidal current=> Form factor= RMS value= 1.11
Average value
Ratio of RMS value & Average value is known & is constant
(1.11)
41
Non‐Linear load
Loads for which current waveform is NOT of the same shape
as voltage waveform
Non‐linear load : SMPS, UPS, Converters, AC/DC drives
Non‐Linear load=> Non‐sinusoidal current => Form factor ≠ 1.11
Ratio of RMS value & Average value is known & is seldom
constant
• Required /important /effective value of voltage & current
is the “RMS” value
42
• Three types (relevant to our work) of meters:
Analog meters
Digital meters ‐ Average type
True RMS digital meters
Analog meters
Always measure RMS value
Get effected by handling & ambient temperature
Need to be calibrated every year
43
Analog meters
Cheap (Common) Digital meters
Measure “average” value & multiply it with 1.11 assuming a sinusoidal
waveform. Hence give a wrong reading for non‐linear loads.
Can be used for voltage measurement as error will not be much
Do not get effected by handling & ambient temperature
Better if calibrated every year, however error is not much
44
Analog meters
True RMS Digital meters
Measure RMS value directly. Hence for non‐linear loads these
meters only should be used; especially for current measurements
Do not get effected by handling & ambient temperature
Better if calibrated every year, however error is not much
45
Summary‐ Module
46
Earthing
47
Content
• This module would cover the following:
‐ Earthing
‐ Earthing Circuit Diagram
‐ Types of Earth pits
‐ Objectives of Grounding System
‐ Good Earth Connection
‐ Earth Resistance and its measurement
‐ Maintenance of Earthing System
48
Earthing
• Earthing, in lay men terms, can be defined
as connecting any electricity conducting
item to mother earth which is used as
universal electrical reference (…& is
sometimes referred to as Zero Potential)
• The choice of Earthing system depends on

– The requirement of the electrical &
communication systems
– Nature of soil at the concerned site
49
Earthing Circuit Diagram
Draw an Earthing Diagram…
Draw an
Earthing
diagram
50
51
Types of Earth Pits
Earth pits are classified based on the shape of earth electrode.
Mainly 3 types of earth electrodes are used in Indian telecom industry –
• Plate type
• Pipe type
• Rod type
• Plate type: Mostly this type of electrode is used. The plate, generally, is of copper
& is of size 600x600x6 mm
• Pipe type: This type is used where space for Plate electrode is not available.
Generally, the pipe is 1” or more in diameter & 3m in length. Cu should be used; if
GI pipe is used then dia should be 2” or more.
• Rod type: This type is used where space is an issue & excavation cannot be done
&/or the ground is very hard. GI rods (multiple/2‐3 rods in lieu of each plate‐type
pit) are driven into ground by hammering them.
Plate Type CI / RCC / IRON COVER WITH FUNNEL WITH WIRE
MESH
LOCK & KEY
G.L G.L
300
CEMENT
500
CONCRETE HALF BRICK MASONARY
ROUND (GOLA) BOX SECTION 230
BASE CONCRETE
150
1:4:8
GI STRIP 25 x 6
50 MM GI PIPE
FOR WATERING
2 STRIPS OF 25 x 6
INTERCONNECTED BOTH SIDE
COMMON SALT & CHARCOOL
SPREADING ALTERNATE
LAYERS OF 200 MM EACH
2500
CLAMP FOR 50MM
GI PILE
200
OF CHARCOL & SALT

BY METALIC BOLTS & NUT TO BE
ALTERNATE LAYER
FIXED IN ADDITION TO BRAZING

600
COPPER PLATE
(600x600x3)
600 53
200
900
Objective of Grounding System
• Grounding Fault Protection
In event of a fault to ground, sufficient current
will flow through the ground path to allow the
protective equipment to operate and isolate
the circuit
• Safety of personnel:
If all the metal part/items in the site are
earthed, the safety of personnel from electric
shock is maximized
54
Objective of Grounding System
• Safety of equipment from lightning & other
surges:
Lightning arrestors and surge protection devices
use Earthing system to safeguard the
equipments from surges
• Providing DC power reference & signal
reference:
Positive busbar of the DC power plant is earthed
to get the –48V DC supply. All the
communication/data transfer between
equipments takes place with reference to earth
55
Good Earth Connection
Basic ingredients of good earth connection
are:
– Low Electrical resistance to earth
– Good Corrosion resistance of the
components of earth‐pit
– Ability to carry high currents repeatedly
(appropriate conductor sizes)
– Proper maintenance
56
Earth resistance
• Earth resistance is a combination of ‐
− Resistance of earth electrode
− Resistance of the contact‐surface between earth‐electrode & soil
− Resistance of soil surrounding the earth‐electrode (a circular area with radius
equal to the length/depth of the electrode)
• Resistance of earth electrode depends on –
− Material chosen
− Size
− Tightness of joints
• Resistance of the contact‐surface depends on ‐
− Compactness of soil
− Rust/coarseness/irregularity on surface of earth‐electrode
− Additives (coal, salt, chemicals, gel) used
• Resistance of soil depends on –
− Chemical composition of soil
− Compactness of soil
− Moisture content of soil
− Uniformity of soil
Measurement of Earth Resistance
For measurement of Individual earth resistance following procedure is to be
followed:
1.Earth electrode to be Isolation by maintaining the continuity of earth ring. (As
shown in figure)
2.Placed rod – Distance of the 2 rods (used in earth resistance measurement)
from the pit and there configuration (straight line or triangular) with the pit
should be as per the instruction manual of the meter, cause the meter
manufacturer calibrates the meter as per their given distance & configuration
only
Note: If these are varied, the reading will not be correct
58
3. Generally (if meter manufacturer does not specify anything), straight‐line
method, as shown in diagram below, is used.
59
4. Between the earth‐pit & the 2 rods, there should not be any nullah, boundary
wall, or anything that changes the configuration of earth/soil. This will ensure
the correctness of the reading.
5. If the value of earth resistance found more than 2 Ohm then soil resistivity is

to be reduced by
60
6. Add Sodium chloride (salt), Charcoal or special chemical gels in the earth
pit
7. Again measure the earth resistance after minimum 8 hrs.
8. After completion of measurement take earth electrode back into earth
ring/mesh
61
Maintenance of Earthing System
For Maintenance of Earthing System carry out
following Task List
Carry out visual inspection of Earthing system
Ensure the continuity of Earthing from BTS RF
tower, building lightning arrestor to earth grid
Check clamping of Earthing strip from lightning
arrestor to earth grid
Ensure that all metal frames, structures, battery
stands, fuel tank, AC, DG are grounded and with
2 earth connections
62
Cable‐tray should be earthed at least at 2
diagonally opposite places
Adjacent pieces of the cable‐tray should be
connected to each other using a piece of
16sq.mm cable lugged at both ends
All the electrical panels should be earthed at
minimum 2 places
On the panel, if holes are provided for Earthing
then the paint/powder‐coating around the hole
should be removed so that the cable/wire lug can
form proper contact with the panel body
63
Proper glands should be used for all the armored
cables and the glands must be properly
installed/tightened with the panel body
At least 25sq.mm Copper cable should be used to
connect SPDs
64
Check if all Earthing joints are tight
Check for corrosion. If corrosion observed then by
maintaining earth ring continuity open the joint and
remove the corrosion
Ensure corrosion free metal‐to‐metal contact at
bolted connections
65
Apply anti rust coating on bolted connections
Note: vaseline is the cheapest option for indoor
application only
Measure earth electrode resistance by isolating earth
pit from earth ring/earth mesh as describe in the
procedure
If value of resistance is more than specified limit then
add, sodium chloride (salt), calcium chloride, sodium
carbonate, copper‐sulphate, charcoal, salt solution for
low resistance value
All the welded & outdoor joints should be covered with
Aluminum paint to minimize corrosion 66
All the nut‐bolts used in the Earthing system should
be of stainless steel/brass/GI
All the Earthing cable terminations should be done
using lugs of proper size; aluminum lugs for
aluminum cables and tinned copper lugs for copper
cables
67
Monthly Preventive Maintenance Schedule‐ Earthing
S. No. Check Points
1 Carry out watering of earth pit
Carry out visual check of Earthing
2 connections
to all equipment
Check earth strip/earth cable not to be
3
exposed
4 Check all earth pits are closed with cover
Lightening arrestor availability and
5 connected
to grid‐Ok/Not Ok
6 Check for any damaged earth pt chamber
68
Summary‐ Module
69
Typical Power Circuit
Diagram
70
Typical Power Circuit Diagram
Draw a
Power
circuit
diagram
71
72
Standard Site Configuration
73
Standard Equipment specifications
Microsoft Office
cel 97-2003 Workshe
Let’s start with New Site Matrix for Indoor
Site!
New Site Matrix
New Site
Matrix
Indoor Outdoor
New Site Matrix for Indoor BTS Sites
Now let’s see different cases in detail…
Case‐1
Case‐1
Case‐2
Case‐2
Case‐3
Case‐3
Let’s understand New Site Matrix for
Outdoor Site!
New Site Matrix for Outdoor BTS Sites
Now let’s see different cases in detail…
Case‐1
Case‐1
Case‐2
Case‐2
Case‐3
Case‐3
It’s the time to learn about Upgrade Site
Matrix!
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐1
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐1
To be removed
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐2
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐2
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐3
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐3
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐4
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐4
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐5
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐5
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐6
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐6
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐7
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐7
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐8
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐8
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐9
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐9
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐10
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐10
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐11
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐11
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐12
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐12
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐13
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐13
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐14
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐14
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐15
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐14
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐15
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐15
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐16
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐16
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐17
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐17
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐18
Upgrade Site Matrix
Case‐18
Lunch Break
Basic Site Hygiene
132
Basic Site Hygiene
Microsoft Office
cel 97-2003 Workshe
Critical Parameter
Settings
Dos & Don'ts for

Electrical installation
Cabling System
134
Let’s understand the Cabling System!!
Identification of Cable
One Core of 25 sq mm
One Core of 16 sq mm
Weather proof insulation
Armour
Insulation layer
Core Insulation
Conductors
One Core of 12.5 sq mm One Core of 8 sq mm
3.5 C x 25 sq mm Aluminum 3.5 C x 16 sq mm Copper
Armoured cable C/S Armoured cable C/S
Insulation
Copper Conductors Insulation
1R
1 Run + 1 Run = 2Run
C/S area of 1 R is 4 sq mm
2R x 4 sq mm INSU. Flex. CU cable C/S 1R x 1.5 sq mm INSU. Flex. CU cable
Green C/S
Cabling System
Cabling System‐ Cable Current Carrying Capacities
Current Carrying
Capacities of Cables
Let’s learn
Points to remember while doing
CABLING!!
141
Best Practices: Points to remember while
doing CABLING
• Safety/Quality check‐points for cabling
Rating of Cables
Current rating of the cable should be always more than the
rating of the protection used at the input of the cable
Size of the cable should be chosen considering the maximum
ambient temperature of the entire cable routing
Cable ratings (current carrying capacity) are normally specified
for 20°C
At higher ambient temperatures the current carrying capacity of cable
reduces. Multiplication factors for various temperatures are given
below:
Temperature 25 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
MF for Cu 1.06 0.94 0.87 0.79 0.71 0.61 0.5 0.35
142
Points to remember while doing CABLING
Cables should not be entwined with other cables as it will
cause problem in removing/re‐routing any of the cables
Flexible cables should be adequately protected
Cables should not be twisted as it produces stress
(pressure)
Weight of cable (or any stress due to cable) should not
come on the terminals
(for e.g. cable connected to battery should be properly supported/tied to
avoid stress/weight due to cables on battery terminals)
143
Resistance Check
Check health (insulation resistance) of the cable using
a Megger before laying the cable
Insulation Resistance should be beyond 10M‐ohms
Resting of Cable
Cables should not be rested on any sharp edge as it
will cause insulation damage & ground fault
Cables should not be under any undue
physical/mechanical pressure as it will cause burning
of cable at the point of pressure
144
Tying of Cable
Cables laid vertically should be adequately tied
(preferably at every 1m)
If one tie carries more weight of the cable ,it will
pressurize the cable at that point
Improperly tied cable weight will pressurize the
cable at the top‐most vertical point (where cable
becomes vertical)
This pressure cause highly potent fault‐point/fire‐
hazard
145
For Lugs
Always use lugs of proper size
Always use proper tool for crimping
Only 1‐strand cables can be used without lugs
Always insulate (with insulation tape) that part of the
lug which covers the cable
146
Tips while using Power Cable with other Cables
LAN ,Telephone & other communication/signal cables
should be sufficiently apart or shielded to avoid/minimize
EMI
Same should be done for low voltage DC (48V or less) cables
Tips to avoid EMI
Use armored electrical cables
Use armored or screened signal/telephone/communication
cables
Keep electrical cables & signal/telephone/communication
cables at least 0.33m away from each other
If electrical cables & signal/telephone/communication cables
are running parallel then they should not run parallel for
more than 5m 147
Proper glands (metal for armored & PVC for
unarmored cables) should be used for cable‐entry in
panels/DBs
Burying Cables
Depth of cables should be 0.5m
If the cables are crossing a road, they should be laid
1m deep
All buried cables should be drawn in conduits
148
Bending of Cables
Bending radius of cables:‐
Flexible cables ‐ 6 times the outer diameter of the
cable
Armored cables ‐ 8 times the outer diameter of the
cable
Cables should be properly tied on both sides of the
bend, within a distance of 0.5m from the bend
149
Terminations of Cables
All terminations should be appropriately tight
Preferably torque‐spanner should be used for
critical terminations
Note:‐ Required torque is generally specified by the
manufacturer of the equipment concerned. (e.g.:
11Nm for battery terminals)
150
Cables Inside a room
If it is necessary to lay cables below the ground, it
should through metal conduits
or
Metal duct such that the ends of the conduits or
ducts are open‐able
151
If cables are fully enclosed (as in a duct or
trench)
Only 60% cross‐section of duct/trench should be
filled with cables
There should be a gap between any two cables
equal to the outer diameter of the cables (of
bigger cable if they are of different sizes).
152
Maintenance check‐points for cables
Cable, along its entire routing, should be checked
monthly for:‐
Any hot spots
Any damage to insulation
Loosening of cable‐tie/support
Pressure‐points (sharp edges, corners, acute bends....)
Hot spots at terminations & cable heating near
terminations
Status of insulation tape on lugs (whether its intact or
has changed color or is peeling off)
Measure current flowing thru each cable. NO cable
should be over‐loaded
Note: If any of the above points is found during routine
inspection, remedial action taken immediately
153
Summary‐ Module
154
Weekly Fault Tracker
&
Fault Analysis
156
Weekly Fault Tracker
Weekly Fault
Tracker
157
Fault Analysis
• Special grouping of faults
Number of faults on 1 site
Number of faults in 1 equipment
Same fault at multiple sites
Same fault in equipment of same manufacturer at multiple
sites
Number of fault in equipment of same manufacturer at
multiple sites
Recurring faults (same fault recurring in same equipment
at same site)
Fault limited to one geographical area (town / cluster / etc)
Fault Analysis
Special grouping of faults Comments Action responsibility
Number of faults on 1 site CI (with help of ZOM if required)
ZOM to be involved in deciding
Number of faults in 1 RCA from vendor is
the action to be taken to avoid
equipment critical
faults in future
Same fault at multiple sites CI (with help of ZOM if required)
If sites are more than 50 then
IM also to be involved.
Fault Analysis
Same fault in equipment of ZOM to be involved in deciding
RCA from vendor is
same manufacturer at the action to be taken to avoid
critical
multiple sites faults in future.
If sites are more than 25 then IM,
along with concerned ZOMs, also
to be involved.
Number of fault in
ZOM to be involved in deciding
equipment of same RCA from vendor is
the action to be taken to avoid
manufacturer at multiple critical
faults in future.
sites
to be involved.
Fault Analysis
Recurring faults (same fault ZOM to be involved in deciding
RCA from vendor is
recurring in same equipment the action to be taken to avoid
critical
at same site) faults in future
Fault limited to one ZOM to be involved in deciding
geographical area (town / the action to be taken to avoid
cluster / etc) faults in future.
to be involved.
Energy Analysis
162
Let’s understand the Energy Analysis
that a CI should do!!
163
Cluster In‐Charge’s (CI) Analysis
• Which document is required by CI to do the analysis?
Log‐cards of the current fortnight
• What all CI calculates from this data?
Averages
fuel consumption per site
Actual CPH
DG run Hrs per day
EB run Hrs per day
BB run Hrs per day
EB cost per site
Load per site
DG capacity of the cluster
EB units consumed for the month
Approx EB bill for the month
164
Cluster In‐Charge’s Analysis
• Check‐points for the parameters which CI calculates –
Total of Average DG, EB, BB run Hrs per day should be
nearly 24.
Average CPH should be near to the agreement value for
the Average DG Capacity.
Average EB cost per site should vary only according to
EB unit cost
EB run hrs
average load
Average Fuel consumption should vary only according to
average DG run hrs
average Load
average DG capacity
165
Cluster In‐Charge’s Analysis
• What is the frequency to do the analysis?
Every Fortnight
• Always remember:
Variances in any parameter with respect to the
previous fortnight should be computed
Any major variance from the average of previous 4
fortnights should be investigated & explained
166
Let’s understand the Energy Analysis
that a ZOM should do!!
167
Zonal Operations Manager’s (ZOM) Analysis
• What is the basic requirement of ZOM to do the
analysis?
Analysis done by CI
• What is the frequency of analysis?
Every fortnight
168
• What all points ZOM analyses from the collected data?
Total of Average DG, EB, BB run Hrs per day should be
nearly 24.
Average CPH should be near to the agreement value for
the Average DG Capacity.
Average EB cost per site should vary only according to
EB unit cost
EB run hrs
average load
Average Fuel consumption should vary only according to
average DG run hrs
average Load
average DG capacity
169
• Always remember:
ZOM Grades his cluster as per the
performance of that cluster
ZOM prepares action plan for his circle on
the basis of analysis
170
Summary‐ Module
171
Warranty & AMCs
172
Table of Content
Equipments covered under Warranty & AMC are:
• DC DG
• DG
• AC
• PIU/PMS
Equipments covered only under Warranty are:
• Battery
• SMPS & DC‐DC Convertors (including modules)
• SMPS & DC‐DC Convertors Modules
• ITPU/IPMS
• Battery Chiller
Equipment & Make wise warranty chart
173
Let us read about the Inclusions & Exclusions
in Warranty & AMC equipment‐wise!!!
174
Warranty & AMC Status of DC DG
Main Supplier: ACME
Make All Makes for other than variances mentioned in other columns
Warranty Start Date 24 Months from date of Commissioning/26 Months from date
of Invoice /dispatch except for AMF, Battery & Electrical
Components (1200 Hrs and 12 Months)
Scope of Warranty Warranty against replacement of Parts at site
Exclusions of Damage, Sabotage, Non Genuine Spares, Overloading, Diesel
Warranty Adultration
AMC Start Date Date of Commissioning
Exclusions Top Overhauling, Major Overhauling, Alternator rewinding &
Repair, Replacement of Engine, Alternator, Canopy, Base
Frame, DG Battery, Repair and replacement of FIP, Failure due
to Sabotage, Damage, Natural Calmities, Non Genuine Parts
175
Warranty & AMC Status of DG
Main Supplier: M&M/TMTL/KOEL
Warranty Start Date For M&M : ‐ 24 Months. from date of Commissioning/26 Months from date of

Invoice/dispatch except for AMF, Battery & Electrical Components (1200 Hrs & 12
Months) For TMTL/KOEL : ‐ 24 Months from date of Commissioning/26
Months from date of Invoice/dispatch except for AMF, Battery & Electrical
Components (1000 Hrs and 12 Months)
Exclusions of Damage, Sabotage, Non Genuine Spares, Overloading, Diesel
Warranty Adulteration
AMC Start Date Date of Commissioning
Exclusions Top Overhauling, Major Overhauling, Alternator rewinding &
Repair, Replacement of Engine, Alternator, Canopy, Base
Frame, DG Battery, Repair and replacement of FIP, Failure due
to Sabotage, Damage, Natural Calmities, Non Genuine Parts.
176
Warranty & AMC Status of AC
Main Supplier: ACME/Blue Star/Synergy/Hitachi
Warranty Start Date From Date of Invoice/dispatch
Exclusions of
Warranty Damage, Sabotage, Non Genuine Spares
AMC Start Date After Warranty Ends
Exclusions For Acme/Synergy : ‐ MCB, Drain Pipes, Damage, Sabotage,

Non Genuine Parts, Natural Calamities
For Blue Star/Hitachi : ‐ All Plastic Parts, Voltage Stabliser,
Control Panel and outer casing, Condenser and colling coils,
Damage, Sabotage, Non Genuine Parts, Natural Calamities
177
Warranty & AMC Status of PIU/PMS
Main Supplier: ACME/Pace/Zamil/Synergy
Warranty Start Date Date of Invoice/dispatch (Pace)
Date of Receipt at warehouse (Zamil)
Exclusions of 1. Replacement of Power Transformer.
Warranty 2. Damage, Sabotage, Non Genuine Spares.
AMC Start Date After Warranty Ends
Exclusions Damage, Sabotage, Non Genuine Spares, Natural Calamities
178
Let us read about the Inclusions & Exclusions
in Warranty & AMC equipment‐wise, for
equipment covered under warranty only!!!
179
Warranty Status of Battery
Main Supplier: HBL/Amararaja/Exide/Chinese
Exclusions of
Damage, Sabotage, Non Genuine Spares
Warranty
180
Warranty Status of SMPS & DC‐DC
Convertors (including modules)
Main Supplier: Delta/Emerson/Eltek/Lineage
Exclusions of 1. Surge Protection Devices, Fuses, MCBs
Warranty 2. Damage, Sabotage, Non Genuine Spares
181
Warranty Status of SMPS & DC‐DC Convertors
Main Supplier: Delta/Emerson/Eltek/Lineage
Scope of Warranty Warranty against replacement of Parts at vendor's specified
location
Exclusions of 1. Surge Protection Devices, Fuses, MCBs
Warranty 2. Damage, Sabotage, Non Genuine Spares
182
Warranty Status of ITPU/IPMS
Main Supplier: Exicom
Warranty Start Date Date of Receipt at warehouse
Exclusions of
Warranty
183
Warranty Status of Battery Chiller
Main Supplier: ACME/Blue Star
Exclusions of
Warranty
184
Summary‐ Module
185
Network Management System
(NMS)
186
Network Management System
(NMS)
What is the responsibility of NMS?
• NMS is responsible for the monitoring, alerting & reporting of
different sites to server
What dose NMS do?
• NMS collects the information of hardware and software
Note: Hardware & Software Component is installed at sites and
data transmitted would show current status of sites
187
NMS Contents
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
Central Monitoring System (CMS)
Energy Meters
Alarm Box ( Multiplexer)
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) –
Installed RTU with SIM Card at every site with appropriate Interface.
Central Monitoring System (CMS)‐
Installed in server computer with SQL server data base.
Energy Meters –
Installed at every site for Energy monitoring with appropriate Interface.
Alarm Box (Multiplexer)–
Multiplexer splits alarm into two paths: 1. for NMS & 2. for DDF
188
NMS Functions
• Provide Information to field Engineer
• Complete Data Transfer to Central Server ‐ help the operator
in
Outage Management
Energy Management
Alarm Management
Performance Management
189
NMS Flow Chart
NMS/IO
STRING STRING
POOLING
1 2
3
PIU / Alarm Box AC/DC EM
GPRS STRING
YES NO
SEND THE CONNECTING SEND SMS
STRING SERVER TO CMS
190
Layout of NMS with RTU
Internet Digital inputs dedicated
For AC & SMPS
PIU
RS 232 Port ACEM1
RS 485
Port ACEM2
RTU
DCEM1
Gateway
DCEM2
Digital outputs Analog inputs Dedicated
for temperature
D‐ I/O
NOC SPARE
191
NMS – communicating agents
1. NMS Communicates either by GPRS or Through SMS
192
SMS and GPRS Based NMS
NMS used is enabled to communicate on GPRS/ SMS
1. Firstly, NMS tries to send data through GPRS if the
GPRS communication fails than the data is send by
SMS
2. Engineer receives sms for actionables based on
priority and seveiority
193
Overview of the GPRS & SMS based NMS Network Connectivity
Telecom site 1 GP
PIU RS
Diesel Generator /SM
NMS (RTU) S
GSM
All parameters of site network GP
RS
/S
Generator M
S
alarms
SMS
194
Working of NMS
Explain Step by Step working of NMS
1. NMS works on Event and Scheduler basis
2. If any event occur at any site, NMS pools data from PIU and
AC/DC Energy meters
3. After pooling it stores all the data in the NMS buffer memory
4. The stored data is received at server with the help of GPRS
and SMS depends connectivity avaialble
5. NMS gives data at Schedule basis
– Schedule time can be set and changed accordingly
– It can also be change by SMS command
– By default we have scheduler of 24 hrs
195
Features of RTU Terminal
1. Remote Monitoring
2. Remote Control
3. Automation
4. Data Acquisition
5. Data Updating
196
Remote Monitoring
• Get alert message from equipments for every change
of state
• Get the status of machines/equipments from any
remote location by sending an SMS
• Get the status of telecom sites status on CMS server
• Escalate alerts based on the criticality
• Get reading from metering device remotely by
sending a SMS
197
Remote Control
• Switch ON/OFF Machines Remotely from
any Place : Optional
• Switch ON/OFF Machines Remotely for
Definite Period of Time : Optional Configure
site parameter remotely.
• Secure the system by authorized numbers
and password
• Send the warning Messages to Supervisory
users when the valid commands are received
from un‐authorized numbers
198
Data Acquisition
• Collect the data from Different device through
RS 485 Mod Bus protocol
• Communicate data to Central server from
remote machines / equipments
• Use any of the available GSM bearer ( Data /
GPRS / SMS) for Communication
• Collect and communicate data on predefined
intervals
199
NMS Digital Input Faults
1. Door Alarm
2. DG Fuel Level Low
3. Rectifier fail
4. Battery Fuse Fail
5. Load Fuse Fail
6. AC Faulty
7. Both AC Faulty
200
PIU Alarms
• Mains Fail
• DG Fault Status (All DG Alarms)
• Site on Battery
• Fire/Smoke
• High Temperature
• Low Battery Voltage
201
What is CMS?
• Web–based Software to Monitor, Diagnose and
Troubleshoot the network
What are the functionalities of CMS?
• Access Control
• Status viewing
• Trending
202
• Access Control :
Users allocated to groups, have pre defined Add, read & Modify access
privileges to the parameters in the system
Often same access privileges to specific product functionality
• Status viewing :
Attractive and informative GUI display for various equipment status and
parameters
• Trending :
Parameters to be trended in a specific chart can be predefined or defined
on‐line real‐time and historical trending
Generally in the same chart historical trending is not possible
For any archived parameter zooming and scrolling functions are provided
203
Alarm handling
• Based on Limit and Status checking and performed in
the data servers
• Complicated expressions (using arithmetic or logical
expressions) can be developed by creating derived
parameters
• Based on complicated expressions, status or limit
checking is performed
• The alarms are logically handled centrally, i.e., the
information only exists in one place and all users see the
same status
(e.g., the acknowledgement)
204
• Multiple alarm priority levels (in general many
more than 3 such levels) are supported
• It is generally possible to group alarms and to
handle these as an entity
(typically filtering on group or acknowledgement
of all alarms in a group)
• It is possible to suppress alarms either
individually or as a complete group
• The filtering of alarms seen on the alarm page or
when viewing the alarm log is also possible at
least on priority, time and group
205
Now let’s learn…..
How NMS front end user Application works?
206
Let’s learn about NETCOOL!!
207
NETCOOL Login Page
Enter this
URL in Enter Username & Password
address Press LOGIN
bar
This will
appear
on your
screen
208
NETCOOL Home Page
209
NETCOOL Home Page
Open the
dropdown &
select
WEBTOP
DESKTOP
210
NETCOOL Circles Page
Open
Maps
tab
Click the Circle on
the map for
which you want
to check the
events/alarms
211
NETCOOL Information Page
Different tab colors indicates the severity
Digits mentioned in the column
reflects the numbers of type of
cases
Clear (Event Clear) Minor Event Major Critical
212
Click any of the column of the row to check the details of respective event
This window will open with the detail information of respective
event. Increase the size of window by clicking the icon.
213
NETCOOL Alert Status Page
Click on Summary
Detail of Summary
214
Let’s understand how to Add Filters
in NETCOOL!!
• NETCOOL filters helps users to track events/alarms for a
particular fault like DG fail to start or Mains low.
• User can customize the view of NETCOOL after applying filters
215
Click on Edit
current filters
216
NETCOOL Filter Page
Click on New
Filters
217
NETCOOL Filter Creation Page
Enter Filter Name
in Filter Name field
NETCOOL field name e.g.: Comparator
Value to look for
•Alarms source (=,>, < etc)
•Alarms code
•Asset
218
NETCOOL Filter Creation Page
219
NETCOOL Filter Selection Page
Now select the filter
from Drop down which
is Mains
220
221
Configuration Management
• NMS hardware component is same for PIU
and Non PIU solutions, for all clients
• Two way communication for changing the
configuration of RTU
• Example – Editing of server DNS by SMS
command by master group number
• Example – Changing scheduler time, by
default it is 24 hrs (1440 mins)
222
NMS Application
• Data acquisition
• Event information
• Critical alarm handling
• Track of diesel theft
• Data base management of telecom sites
• On demand information collection
• Remotely controlled various parameters
223
Summary‐ Module
224
NOC
225
Role of NOC
Role of NOC in delivering the business need
Identification of alarms & ensure technicians get to know the

faults Immediately so that 100% site Uptime can be maintained
Gathering information of energy consumption at site for diesel

billing so that correct energy billing to it’s customers can be
maintained
NOC verifies if
( Consumption is within Norms
( Checks for likely Frauds
(Proactively informs CI / ZOM of any issue, via TT ( Trouble Tickets ) to Ensure
reduction in operating expenditure for the site through good maintenance practice
226
Expectations
Provide NOC team with all data on asset at site – Forms to fill as
part of TOS
Your will :‐
( Use the NOC Applications to see faults in your area, check
uptime, technician performance, energy consumption
( Provide NOC with faults in your area & Closures
What’s
Expected
from you? Provide data of technicians like:‐
• Mobile Numbers,
• Site responsible for
• Automated MIS reporting
227
NOC (Network Operating Center)
228
Objectives
Objective
229
Content
230
Content
231
232
NOC Organizational chart
COO
(Chief Operating Officer)
O&M Head
NOC Head
NOC NOC NOC NOC NOC NOC

Engineer 1 Engineer 2 Engineer 3 Engineer 4 Engineer 5 Special MIS 1 MIS 2
Projects
NOC NOC NOC

Operator 1 Operator 2 Operator 3
233
NOC Process Overview
( Let’s understand how NOC works?
234
NOC Process Overview
Alarm Info sent from
site to NOC
Metering Info sent
from site to NOC
To & Fro comments
Exchanged VIA SMS
235
To Start
TSRM Employee
Master Screen (Link)
236
To maintain NOC Operations
237
Alarm & There Sources
• In this session we will understand
238
Sources & Flow Of Alarms
S. No. ALARM NAME
1 DOOR OPEN
2 MAINS FAIL
3 DG ON
4 DG FAILED TO START
5
Various Assets
DG FAILED TO STOP
6 at site form
DG LOW FUEL LEVEL
7 whichRECTIFIER FAIL
the alarms
8 are generated
SITE ON BATTERY
9 BATTERY FUSE FAIL
List of Alarms
10 LOAD FUSE FAIL
being generated 11 HIGH TEMPERATURE
All the alarms
from the various 12 FIRE & SMOKE
coming fromassets
the at site
various assets are 13 LOW BATTERY VOLTAGE
14 AC FAULTY
then routed to
NMS
alarm panel which
15 BOTH AC FAULTY
16 DG FAULTY
then forwards 17 DG LLOP
these alarms to 18 BTS DOWN
NMS 19 BTS DOWN – OPCO‐2
20 BTS DOWN – OPCO‐3
21 BTS DOWN – OPCO‐4
22 SITE DOWN
23 PIUCOMM. FAILURE
24 I/O COMM. FAILURE
25 DCEM1 COMM. FAILURE
Alarm Panel 26 DCEM2 COMM. FAILURE
29 ACEM1 COMM. FAILURE
30 ACEM2 COMM. FAILURE
31 MANUAL MODE 239
32 MAINS LOW
Sources & Flow Of Metering Information
NMS
Various Energy meters
installed at sites which
Various BTS’s of All this data is
collect metering
operators at site RS 485 RS 232 collected from the
information specific to
below listed
an operator
energy meters at
OPCO‐ 4 BTS DCEM ‐ 4 the site and then
O/P Voltpassed on to NOC
48/24 DC
via NMS
OPCO‐ 3 BTS DCEM ‐ 3 This Energy
This Energy meter
collects data of SMPS
Battery meter collects
Bank data of the site
the site as for how DCEM ‐ 2
OPCO‐
long the 2 BTS
site has
as for how
long the site
run on DG when
has been on
the mains was not
OPCO‐ 1 BTS DCEM ‐ 1
Main Power
available
I/P Volt
230 AC
PIU EB Metering
DG
ACEM ‐ 2 ACEM ‐ 1 Panel
240
Transmission Of Alarms & Metering Data To NOC
Energy meters installed SMS is used as a

Energy Meters at the site are recording backup
SMS Network to GPRS
the energy consumption incase of GPRS
SMSC and run hours of each connectivity not
NMS equipment (BTS) in KWh available in 3
and their reading in attempts by modem
GPRS NW Digital GGSN values isMPLS
and also incase of
transmitted to NOC
Alarm Sensors arenon availability of the
Alarm Panel
GPRS Network installed at the siteservice for GPRS
recording the various
alarms being generated
at as site which is
DDF transmitted to NOC
BSC TRC MSC

BTS Alarm Information will be
transferred via OSS feed
OSS
from each and every site
parallel to NMS
OSS Network
241
NOC’s To Do With The Alarm Feed
S.N. Alarms category

1 MAINS FAIL Event
2 Both AC Faulty Dependent Alarms
3 DG ON Event
4 LOW BATTERY VOLT. Dependent Alarms
5 The Categorization of alarms is done in order to identify
E.g. Mains Fail is an Event which does not require any
RECTIFIER FAIL Dependent Alarms
SITE ONDependant Alarm:‐ Dependant alarms are ideally
6 E.g. –
that if it’s a:‐
BATTERY
Both AC faulty alarm can be generated if the AC
Dependent Alarms
action but DG fail to start is an Alarm which requires an
E.g. Door open is and independent alarm as it is not
An Independent alarm does not depend on any activity or
7 Event: ‐
AC Faulty Any change in site Status which is captured /
dependant on other assets or activity in order to be
Independent Alarms
8 controller is faulty or both the AC stops functioning.
•Event
BATTERY FUSE FAIL Independent Alarms
action to be performed. Mains fail (Event) is required to
dependant on any other asset.
asset in order to generate an alarm
9 monitored through signaling is called Event.
generated.
DG Failed to start Independent Alarms
10 •Dependent Alarm
be stored in the data for analyzing how many times mains
DG Failed to stop Independent Alarms
11 Independent Alarms
12
•Independent Alarm
DG FAULT
fail happened
DG FUEL LEVEL LOW Independent Alarms
13 Door Open Independent Alarms
14 FIRE & SMOKE Independent Alarms
15 HIGH TEMPERATURE Independent Alarms
16 LOAD FUSE FAIL Independent Alarms 242
Priority
• Priority ‐ Each alarm also has a level of priority. An alarm’s priority
indicates the precedence in which the users should handle alarms.
Priority level can help the users to prioritize their work, especially if
there are many alarms at the same time.
Let’s see a table list to understand the levels of priority for alarms
S.
Type Of Site Priority
No
1 MSC Sites 1
2 BSC Sites 2
3 Hub Sites ( Small Dependency ) 3
4 Key Sites / Hub Sites ( Large Dependency ) 4
5 Emergency Event (Cricket, Festival etc.) Sites 5
6 Shared Sites 6
7 Regular / Normal Site 7
8 Micro 8
9 IBS 9 243
Severity
• Severity ‐ Each alarm event has a level of severity known as the
alarm's "Severity." An alarm's severity indicates the order in which
users should handle that event relative to alarms of other
severities.
• Levels of severity can help the users to prioritize their work,
especially if there are many alarms at the same time. Table 1 lists
the standard levels of severity for alarms
Major Alarm A1
Minor Alarm A2
244
Let’ See
Microsoft Office
Excel Worksheet
Microsoft Office
Excel Worksheet
245
What Next?
246
SMS String & Data Dictionary
247
248
Metering Data Collected
249
What Report Are Available For Metering Data
• CI / ZOM can view complete power availability
report for the sites in the BO report module
• CI / ZOM can use these reports to check excess
consumption of diesel
250
BO Reports
251
Objectives
• In this module we will understand the various level of reports
Objective
252
Login Screen
Ente
r Use
rnam
e & P
assw
o rd, C
lick
L ogin
253
How to get energy meter report
After logging in the Infratel Portal window will open
In the Infratel Portal you have to select the Netcool Option.
254
How to get energy meter report
•Under Netcool you have to select the
Power Availability Report.
255
Front page of the energy meter report
•The following report opens up after clicking the power availability report icon the
following screenshot shows the Circle specific information
256
Different parts of energy meter report
This column shows the total
This column shows the total
number of sites of a circle
The other columns show the various meter details and their reading like :‐
number of sites which are
•DG start and end reading metered
•Various energy meter reading
•Battery start and end time
One can see
the List of
circle
257
To View Specific Detail (Drill Down)
To View Circle
specific
Information
Click on Circle
Name
258
Drill Down Screen 2
Upon Clicking
Assam Its shows
the circle name
and the Zones
under the Circle
259
Drill Down Cluster
Upon Clicking
One can see the
Zone it will
various Sites
lead to the site
available in a
available in a
cluster
particular
zone
260
Specific Interval reports
When you will click
on the Refresh All
button following
screen will open. In
this screen you have
to specify the two
dates for which you
want to generate
If one wants to generate the Power Availability Report for specific
the report. After
selecting the dates
intervals of time then we have to click on the Refresh All button
of yours choices
then you have to
click on the Run
Query button
261
How to save energy meter report
To save a energy meter report click on
document Select Save All and save file to the desired
format like‐
•Excel
•Word
•PDF
262
Various Alarms Types
Click respective button to Open the Information about particular alarm
Door Open Mains Fail DG On DG Fail to Start
DG Fail to Stop DG Low Fuel Level Rectifier Fail Site on Battery
Battery Fuse Fail Load Fuse Fail High Temperature Fire & Smoke
Low Battery Voltage AC Faulty Both AC Faulty DG Faulty
DG LLOP Site Down OPCO 1 OPCO 2
OPCO 3 OPCO 4 PIU Comm. Failure I/O PIU Comm. Failure
DCEM 1 Comm. Failure DCEM 2 Comm. Failure DCEM 3 Comm. Failure DCEM 3 Comm. Failure
ACME 1 Comm. Failure ACME 2 Comm. Failure Manual Mode Mains Low

263
Let’s understand Other Applications
used in NMS!!!
264
Other Applications
• GIS application for Site down
• Alarm History
• Energy Management Portal
• Image Upload Portal
265
Let’s understand GIS Application for
Site Down!!!
266
GIS Application for Site Down
Enter/Paste this URL in the address bar
Note: No UserID & Password is required for this site.
267
GIS Application for Site Down
Enter the
Circle Name
for which
information is
required
268
GIS Application for Site Down – Optional Way
Optional way to check the Site Down OPCO & Circle wise :‐
Legend provides
information about:‐
Click the Tab Name = Infratel ID/TT Number/ Other OPCO
•Uptime
•Category
• BSC
• SINGLE
• SHARED
• HUB
269
Let’s understand Alarm History!!!
This application helps in checking alarms for a particular site with in specific time
270
Alarm History Home Page
r a
s b
es
dr
ad
in
RL
U
his
t t

er
Ins
271
Alarm History Main Page
Fill Infratel Site ID
Fill Site ID
Fill Date From & To
Fill Source (SMS/GPRS & Oss)
272
Alarm History Information Page
273
Let’s understand Energy Management
Portal!!!
This application helps in monitoring Energy management of all the circles for
activities like DG RUN live, DG Runs more then 24 hours, DG Abnormal Behavior,
Battery Run < 4 hours etc..
274
Energy Management Portal Home Page
bar
s
r es
add
i n
R L
U
this
Fi ll
275
Energy Management Portal Information Page
Fill Circle
Fill CRITERIA
276
Let’s understand Image Upload
Portal!!!
This application helps in monitoring basic hygiene of Tower Site.
277
Image Upload Portal Login Page
Enter Login & Password
Press Login
bar
s
r es
add
i n
R L
U
this
Fi ll
278
Image Upload Portal Home Page
279
Image Upload Portal Image Upload Page
Select the Item
from the list for Upload the
which you want to image by
upload the picture clicking the
browse
button &
enter the
To s comments in
a ve T
the o prev
clic upilm
i ew adjacent box
k on dged cl the up
o a
(if required)
SAV iim cka o load
E g n
e VIE ed
W
280
Now let’s see the Reports We use in
NOC!!!
281
Reports Used in NOC
Category A report Operation Support

Report
Up-time Report
Energy report
282
Undesired Alarms
One should not remove the Sim from the NMS as it will
Door Alarm can simply be prevented by keeping in mind
lead to non communication of various alarms to NOC
PIU should not be on Manual mode because –
•Close the door while entering & exiting the site
• If on Manual it will not communicate with
•If door not closed the it can lead tovarious assets at site
•Theft • E.g. – If PIU on manual mode then it will not
•Temperature Increase instruct automatically the DG to start in case
of a power failure.
283
Synopsis
At the end of this module you have learnt about
284
Assets Under Care of CI / ZOM
Dimensions of Equipments
286
Asset Types and Attributes
The table below lists the different asset types and their attributes.
287
Tower
Maintenance
288
Before we start!!!
¾ Technician & CI’s should do visual inspection only
¾ Other checks should be done by a contractor
identified at corporate or circle level
289
Maintenance Of Towers
• What do you do to maintain a tower?
Inspection of Tower
Check the Missing Tower Spares
Check the Condition of Tower Spares
Paint the Towers
Check Condition of Foundation
Check level of Foundation Plates
Appropriate arrangement of Earthing
Security of foundation bolts & check‐nuts
Verticality Check of the Tower
Check Light Arrester
Survey of Existing Buildings – RTT Sites
290
Now let’s understand these points in
detail!!
291
Types of Tower Inspection
Regular inspection
Inspection after Natural calamity
• Regular inspection:‐
should be done at least every 2 years
including distortion of members
checking of nuts & bolts and their tightening through Torque
wrench
• Inspection after Natural calamity:‐
Example are cyclone, earthquake, floods etc.
Inspection shall be carried out immediately after such incident
292
Check the Missing Tower Spares
• Which all Tower Spares are checked?
Nuts
Bolts
Washers
Check‐nuts
• What is the corrective action if any spare is missing?
Identified spare is immediately replaced
293
Check Condition of Tower Material
• What all Tower Material are checked?
Nuts
Bolts
Washers
Check‐nuts
• What is checked in Tower Material?
Tower Material is checked for rust
• What is the corrective action if any material is rusting?
Suitable remedial action is taken
294
Paint the Towers
Towers located in normal location
Towers located in highly saline environment
• Towers located in normal location:‐
Shall be painted once in 5 years
• Towers located in highly saline environment
e.g. within 15 kms. from coast‐line
Shall be painted every year
295
Check Condition of Tower Foundation
• What is the frequency to check Tower Foundation?
Foundation is checked yearly
• What is the criteria to check Tower Foundation?
Previously fixed datum (say local or differential)
• When any remedial action is required for Tower Foundation?
If the foundation soil has been eroded
296
Check level of Foundation Plates
• What is the criteria to check the level of Foundation Plates?
Foundation plates level is checked with respect to stem levels
• When is corrective action required for Foundation Stems?
If the foundations stems are found to crushed
• Give an example of corrective action if Foundation Stems are
crushed?
Filling of gaps between foundation plate and stem by “High
strength fillers” using epoxy based grouting
297
Security of foundation bolts & Check‐nuts
• Explain step by step process of security of foundation
bolts & Check‐nuts.
Step 1: brick wall (e.g. 30 cm high above stem levels) all
around stems/tower legs should be constructed
Step 2: Bolts/checks‐nut, after tightening by “Torque
Wrench”, should be properly greased
Step 3: Cover bolts/checks‐nut with thick polythene sheets
Step 4: Fill sand over bolts/ nuts and finally the top
surface to be covered with normal C.C flooring
298
Appropriate Arrangement for Earthing
• Point to be checked during Earthing arrangement
Maintain proper earth resistance within prescribed range
• What is the frequency to check the earth resistance?
The earth resistance should be checked periodically every year
299
Check Verticality of the Tower
• What is the minimum number of perpendicular faces required
to check the tilt?
At least two perpendicular faces to be checked
• Name the equipment required to check the Verticality?
Theodolite is used to ascertain tilt
Did you know?
300
Check Light Arrester
• Where Light Arrestor is located?
It is located at the top of the tower. It should be of adequate height
• Why Light Arrestor is hosted at Tower?
Lighting Arrestor is hosted on tower for protection of protruding
antennas which hoisted on the tower within its conical safety zone
• What is the frequency of periodical check of Light Arrestor ?
Light Arrester should be checked done at least once in year
• Why periodical check of Light Arrestor is required?
Proper connectivity to the tower earthing arrangement
301
Check Aviation Warning Lights
• Where Aviation Warning Lights is hosted on Tower?
Aviation warning lights are installed at the top of the tower as well
as at the specified corners of the tower
• What is the frequency to check Aviation Warning Lights?
Aviation Warning Lights should be checked regularly for good
operating condition
Did you know?
302
Site Survey of Existing Buildings – RTT Sites
• List the points to be considered at the time of survey
Lighting existing buildings must be designed in accordance
with seismic codes
Periodical Survey of all buildings shall be carried out once
in 3 years
Buildings are checked as per BIS Codes
Based on the field observations retrofitting works for all
physically distressed buildings is done
303
Site Survey of Existing Buildings – RTT Sites
• Criteria for Building Design
Design should be as per the requirement of IS 1893‐
Part 1 : 2002
The structure shall be designed and checked for
stability for 5 times the design horizontal seismic
coefficients
304
Summary‐ Module
305
Critical KPIs
306
Critical KPI’s for CI & ZOM
Microsoft Office
cel 97-2003 Workshe
Summary‐ Day 1
308
Thank You
309

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Technical

• The choice of Earthing system depends on

OF CHARCOL & SALT

FIXED IN ADDITION TO BRAZING

5. If the value of earth resistance found more than 2 Ohm then soil resistivity is

Dos & Don'ts for

One Core of 12.5 sq mm One Core of 8 sq mm

Copper Conductors Insulation

MF for Cu 1.06 0.94 0.87 0.79 0.71 0.61 0.5 0.35

Special grouping of faults Comments Action responsibility

Special grouping of faults Comments Action responsibility

Special grouping of faults Comments Action responsibility

Warranty Start Date For M&M : ‐ 24 Months. from date of Commissioning/26 Months from date of

Exclusions For Acme/Synergy : ‐ MCB, Drain Pipes, Damage, Sabotage,

Clear (Event Clear) Minor Event Major Critical

Role of NOC in delivering the business need

Identification of alarms & ensure technicians get to know the

Gathering information of energy consumption at site for diesel

NOC NOC NOC NOC NOC NOC

NOC NOC NOC

Energy meters installed SMS is used as a

BSC TRC MSC

S.N. Alarms category

Door Open Mains Fail DG On DG Fail to Start

DG Fail to Stop DG Low Fuel Level Rectifier Fail Site on Battery

Battery Fuse Fail Load Fuse Fail High Temperature Fire & Smoke

Low Battery Voltage AC Faulty Both AC Faulty DG Faulty

DG LLOP Site Down OPCO 1 OPCO 2

OPCO 3 OPCO 4 PIU Comm. Failure I/O PIU Comm. Failure

DCEM 1 Comm. Failure DCEM 2 Comm. Failure DCEM 3 Comm. Failure DCEM 3 Comm. Failure

ACME 1 Comm. Failure ACME 2 Comm. Failure Manual Mode Mains Low

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Category A report Operation Support

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