ANIMAL SHELTER

INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY
An animal hospital is an institution designed, built, equipped and staffed to render modern A TYPICAL KENNEL SPACE REQUIREMENTS
veterinary care to animals. An animal shelter is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or
DOG SHELTER CORE SPACE
•BARRIRE FREE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE ANIMALS: To study the level of
surrendered animals. medical facilities in treatment of small practice and large practice animals by
studying the necessities of veterinary hospital incorporate into our building.
FOR DOGS ACCORDING TO SIZE •DOG SPACES
▪ Rescue stray animals and find them a new home.
•Dog Holding Space
• Animals need their own space to rest and run. Dog Length(in) Sq.Ft Needed Dog Length(in) Sq.Ft Needed Dog Length(in) Sq.Ft Needed
•Isolation Space
• Animal environment and housing should be considered. -
•Outdoor Area for Dogs Free Living
▪ The project comprises of three elements pertaining to all necessary veterinary requirements
7 1.17 19 4.34 31 9.51 •Environment
for companion animals. Identification of aim and objectives
8 1.36 20 4.69 32 10.03 •Training area
1. Veterinary Hospital
•Foster and Adoption Area
2. Pet Spa and grooming centre + Boarding 9 1.56 21 5.06 33 10.56
•Breeding Area
3. Animal shelter DATA COLLECTION 10 1.78 22 5.44 34 11.11
Research and gather data from articles, •Hostel
researches, journals and survey. 11 2.01 23 5.84 36 12.25 •Euthanasia Area
12 2.25 24 6.25 38 13.44 •MEDICAL SPACES
13 2.51 25 6.67 40 14.69 •Clinic
Studying about their problems. Come up with new ideas for the design •Pharmacy and Laboratory
14 2.78 26 7.11 42 16.00
Analyze the problems with the present similar
structures.
and plan of the structure with the help •Surgery
of standard and norms, interviews,
surveys and case studies.
15 3.06 27 7.56 44 17.36
•Radiology
16 3.36 28 8.03 46 18.78 •Wards
17 3.67 29 8.51 48 20.25 •OT
LITERATURE STUDY CASE STUDY
•Design •Evolution of refined data 18 4.00 30 9.00
AIM •Need of Animal shelter •Analyze the gathered data
•Assistive technology •Site Study
To study the level of medical facilities in treatment of small practice and large practice animals •Standards and Norms •Investigate how buildings are
Timesavers and Neufert currently occupied. TYPES OF HOUSING Size of Dogs Exercise Area Minimum Fence Height
Small Dogs (less than 7 12’x 8’ for one dog (4’ 6’
by studying the necessities of veterinary hospital. •Interview and Surveys. •Individual Quarantine Kennel Kg, E.g.:- Toy Breeds) each dog way added to
•Group Housing each additional allowed to
OBJECTIVES exercise in that area.)

1. To study the animal behavior pattern and understand spatial requirements of animals.
Medium Dogs ( 7-20 Kg, 12’ x 12’ for one Dog 8’
2. Studying the requirements of a veterinary hospitals. E.g.:- Cocker spaniels ,
Formulate an architecture solution and apply it in Shetland sheep Dogs )
3. To understand how veterinary hospitals function and develop a fear free environment for the design of school. Formulate conclusions. Give Large Dogs (20-40 Kg, Eg:- 16’ x 16’ for one Dog 8’
proposals and planning strategies. Labradors)
patients. -
Extra Large Dogs (Greater 20’ x 20’ for one Dog 8’
4. To study the current situation of existing veterinary hospital in India and understanding the than 40 Kg, E.g.:- Great
scope of improvement through international Danes)

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

1. Providing a fear free environment for treatment of small and large practice animals. DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR CATTLES CATTLE SHELTER CORE SPACE
▪ COW SHED
2. Small practice animals include pet animals such as dogs and cats.
➢ Surface slip resistant and free of edges or
3. Large practice animals include cattle and livestock animals. fittings that may cause injury.
➢ A Slope of 1 in 20 is used.
NEED OF STUDY DESIGN CONSIDERATION ▪ CUBICLES
1. Current scenario of veterinary facilities are lacking basic things such as good ventilation , healthy and
The design of the hospital is important and many ▪ more cubicles than animals in the group to the
healing environment , proper handling and execution of medical procedures. Etc.
factors should be considered to create a suitable reduce bullying and lying times.
2. As far as the hospital is concerned, the problem lies at the design of the facility itself. Improper
segregation of species causes unnecessary stress and fear among animals which in turn creates an environment. Some of the main points are listed below: ▪ CALVING PEN
aversion towards the hospital. Complete disregard to how the actual user of the building(the dogs and ➢ Pen of 3m x 4m (12m2).
cats) interact with it. Environmental Conditions ➢ Number of calving pen – 10% of the number of
3. On the other hand, Animal shelters face a completely different set of issues. Dog overpopulation is Function breed able stock in the farm.
one of the main issues in the country as of now. It is illegal to kill stray dogs and so most of these TYPES OF HOUSING ▪ ISOLATION SHED
dogs end up overcrowding the shelters. Layout
Loose Housing – Kept loose in an open paddock ➢ Separation of sick animals from apparently
4. There is no control over stray dogs breeding as the Animal Birth Control system is not being followed Circulation except at the time of milking and treatment. healthy animals.
efficiently either. Conventional Barn – Confined together on a ▪ QURANTINE SHED
5. The ABC(Animal Birth Control) rules 2001, AWBI(Animal Welfare Board of India) states that all stray DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR DOGS platform and secured at neck by stanchions or ➢ Located at the entrance of the shelter.
dogs must be routinely picked up and sent to Veterinary hospitals to undergo Castration and must be neck chain. ➢ Newly brought animals- for a minimum period
brought back to where it was taken from. But this system is not being followed in most of the states
• Kennels should have room to move normally. of 30 to 40 days.
which leads to over population of stray dogs.
6. This not only poses a threat to the capacity of existing shelters but also to the lives of thousands of • Minimum area of 4’x4 per Dog. TOTAL LENGTH OF BED (M)
stray dogs that die of car accidents every year . • At least 6” higher than the head of the Dog. WEIGHT OF COW (KG) OPEN CLOSED HEAD TO
FRONT FRONT HEAD
7. The life of overcrowded shelter dogs is an unfortunate misery. Most of the shelters have very poor 550 2.10 2.40 4.2
770 2.50 2.55 4.6
hygiene , poor maintenance and bad ventilation. This not only affects the physical wellbeing of the 600 2.46 2.70 4.8
animal but also the mental wellbeing.
8. Dogs that have been rescued from accidents, drowning in wells, mistreated by owners and so on, are
taken to a safe place by some animal lover and their wounds are treated and they’re sent to the
shelter with a second opportunity to live . But is the shelter an ideal home for a stray? Could it ever
be? If it had to be, what needs to be changed?

PRACHI KUKREJA 16025006035

ANIMAL SHELTER

COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS

PRACHI KUKREJA 16025006035

ANIMAL SHELTER

DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR ANIMAL SHELTER ACOUSTIC AND OLFACTORY ENVIRONMENT AREA REQUIREMENTS (DERIVED FROM CASE
• Dogs from cats
• Infectious from healthy animals.
STUDIES)
ODOUR CONTROL • Exam room for small animals (dogs, cats) – 12 sqm
• Aggressive animals from all others • Nursing mothers and their young from all others • Newly arrived
owner relinquished and stray from adoptable animals ➢ 12 air changes per hour, with a minimum • Exam room for large animals (cattle and livestock) – 50 sqm
• Recently recovered or mildly ill animals from seriously ill, infectious animals ➢ Exhaust fan capacity of 500 cubic feet • Research / examination lab 15 sqm
• Animals with respiratory illness separate from those with skin (such as ringworm) or gastrointestinal ➢ Per minute (CFM) and enough fans to provide 50 CFM per dog. • PRE-OPERATION AREA – 15 sqm
illness ▪ Operation theatre (small animals) – 20-30 sqm (2-3 animals at
once)
▪ Operation theatre (large animals) – 35-45 sqm (1-2 animals at
KENNEL DESIGN: once)
Provide enough space for the animal to move around and be comfortable EMERGENCY ROOM
Do NOT use double or triple decker cages for animals as they are difficult to clean and also pose a • 60 sqm (scrub, equipment, circulation included)
danger to kennel staff when animals need to be placed in or removed from the cage • Isolation wards (small animals) – 70 sqm (for 10 animals)
• Isolation wards (large animals – 70 sqm (for 5 animals)
• ICU (small animals) – 30-40 sqm
• ICU (large animals) – 50-60 sqm
KENNEL
NOISE CONTROL • Isolation ward – 100 sqm for 10 dogs
• Puppy ward – 250 sqm for 20-25 puppies
1. Noise produced by a barking dog--60 to 110 db. • General ward – 450 sqm for 40 dogs
2. Noise produced by a cattle--52 to 79 db. • CATTERY
• METHODS OF COMBATING NOISE POLLUTION: • Isolation ward – 30 sqm for 7-10 cats
FLOORING: 1. Absorption: Carpet, drapery, foam rubber, • General ward – 150 sqm for 25-30 cats with litter
Appropriate flooring materials are vital to maintaining a clean facility in which microorganisms 2. Acoustic ceiling tile, and sprayed-on fibres CATTLE
and odours are minimized. Poured floors with a minimum of seams are best. 3. Having a high NRC. • Cattle shed – 350 sqm for 10-20 cows with calves
Ceramic tile is not a good choice for kennel or housing areas because grout is permeable and • COOP
4. Isolation: Resilient clips; Ceiling
therefore impossible to clean adequately. • Coop – 120-150 for 10-15 chickens
Sheet vinyl (for kennels) - durable, easy to maintain -exposed concrete (for corridors and utility 5. Isolators; Foam Spacer, Barium FOREIGN SCENARIO
areas) • The facilities are well known for good quality, highly hygienic, well
maintained environments.
LIGHTING: • Handling capacity is less when compared to the area allocated for
Lighting fixtures in kennels should be placed over dog runs rather than down the middle of the outdoor activities.
aisle separating facing runs.
This makes it easier for visitors and staff to view the animals.
MATERIAL SELECTION CRITERIA
The perfect surface would have these characteristics:
Positioning the fixtures in this way should allow sufficient light to spill over to the walkways so
that no safety hazard is created for the public or staff. • Pleasing visual impact.
• Durable.
PLUMBING: • Easily cleanable.
The drainage system must be designed so that waste from one kennel never contaminates • Resilient.
another. Drain openings should be at least 4" in diameter. • Nonabsorbent to liquids and odors.
ANALYSIS CONCLUSION AND PROBLEMS • Prevents microbial growth.
Lead-away pipes should be at least 6" in diameter. Drain covers should be of stainless steel
or other non-corrosive and easily cleanable material. After scrutinizing and analyzing the topic the study include:- • Sound absorbent.
These should be easily removable for cleaning but otherwise kept in place to prevent 1. Animal shelters face a completely different set of issues. Dog overpopulation is one
PLACES OF APPLICATION MATERIALS THAT CAN BE APPLIED
puppies, other small animals, the public, or staff from falling or slipping into them. of the main issues in the country as of now. Humans are also facing some diseases
Drain Traps should also be installed and cleaned on a regular basis. from animals so we need to maintain a division between both humans and animals.
2. Habitat of animals(Shelter) and humans(Home) are different but still they live in the FLOORS

MATERIAL: The perfect surface would have these characteristics: same ecosystem. Public areas Tiles

• Pleasing visual impact. 3. Lack of smart space utilization. Clinical areas Epoxy or vinyl sheet

• Durable. 4. Overcrowding Shelters making uneasy environment for the animals.

• Easily cleanable. So, we need to give free fear environment to animals. WALLS
• Resilient. Public areas Any feasible covering
• Non-absorbent to liquids and odours. RECOMENDATIONS Clinical areas Vinyl covering, laminates
• Prevents microbial growth.
• Sound absorbent As per the study I recommend
CEILINGS Hard ceilings that are washable are preferred
We should give free fear environment to animals by giving:-
Interior Wall Finishes: 1. Open spaces
Epoxy paint (animal holding, high maintenance areas, high moisture areas) -ceramic tile (for 2. Segregation between animals and humans and also between the
animals.
HOW COLORS HELPS IN CREATING A FEAR FREE ENVIRONMENT
backsplash areas)
Vinyl wall covering (decorative areas and client areas) -kydex acrylic PVC sheet (heavy duty 3. Large run areas.
• Dogs have dichromatic vision, see better in low light than humans can, and can see into the
areas) 4. Meet and greet area for adoption.
5. Landscaping ultraviolet UVB spectrum. Cats also see into the UVB spectrum and in low-light situations.

• Cattle lack the red retina receptor and can only see yellow, green, blue, and violet colors.

• “fear free” colors for dogs and cats include hues in the soft yellow to violet range, avoiding oranges
and reds, and dark colors. Because dogs and cats do not see well in low light, using lighter colors in
darker areas are likely to make them feel more at ease, as dark colors make it harder to see and
comprehend their surroundings.
PRACHI KUKREJA 16025006035