‘As per the latest Curriculum prescribed by Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi A Textbook of Information Technology eM yaa ee] For Class 10 LibreOffice MS Office By ———+ Sayan Banerjee Rashi Bansal OpenOffice BTech. (Computer Science) MCA ‘swati Goel Prof. (Dr.) Shalini Verma MTech. (Computer Science) Communications Coach, isting Professor — IIMs & TAMPI, Manipal Edited by Hema Dhingra Prembala Dutt Sanskrti School, New Delhi G.D. Goenka Public School, New Dethi x. Nibha NPS, New Delhi Scan, Watch & Learn Scan the QR code given alongside the topic of wateh the video through the MERIT BOX Android Mobile App. @ GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHANAhmedabad : Chennai Guveahati Hyderabad: Kochi Kolkata Bengaluru Bhopal Lucknow Patna Nagpur + Pair Heavens, H.No. 52-278, Shine Road, Vit Ravi GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS Sales & Registered Office + 11/1903, Chuna Mandi, Paharganj, New Delhi ~ 110055 Post Box : $720, Phones : 43551877 & 43861877 E-mail: info goyal-books.com Website: wansgoyal-books.com Administrative Office : D.231, Sector 63, Noida-201301 (U.P) Phone : 0120-4655855 Showrooms : YV.10, Dev Castle Complex Opp. Radhekrishan Villa, Jaymala-Govindwadi Road Isanpur, Ahmedabad-282443 (Gujarat) Tel : 09925004030 + No, $0/39 Ground Floor, Five Furlong Road Guindy, Chennai-600 032 (Tamil Nad) Tel 44-29852776, Fax + O44-22552767 + Plot No. 1179, KRB Road, Bharalumukih, nar Post Office, Railway Gate No Guwahati ~ 781001 (Assam), Phone : 0361-2735337 F-7/8/41, First Floor, Agarwal Chambers 59-1121, King Kothi Road, Hyderabad ~ 500001 Telefax : 23211332 Emakulam - 682019 (Kerala) Phone : 0484-2308288 + No. 203, 2nd Floor, Fomra Towers, 84-A, Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Road, Kolkata ~ 700014 Phone : 033-22262683 1681/54, Ground Floor, 3rd Main Ramamobanapuram, [Bengal - S60 021, Phone : 080-23320655 + Plot No. 203, Zone-II, MP. Naat, Bhopal-462 O11 (MP), Telefax : 07554271371 + BAIS, Sector-B, Mahanagar, Opposite P.A.C Main Gate, Lucknow - 226 006, Phone : 0522-2320841 Kiran Apartment, Flat No. 2-A, Second flor, Near Water Pumping Staion, Pani Tanki Lane, Pinmohani, Patna ~ 00003 Thakkar Villa, House No, 436 Joshiwad Phone : 9823658077 (Ce buy our books online log on to www.goyakbooks.com _) © Reserved Revised Edition : February, 2021 Price : 2495 ible, Nagpur ~ 440012 ‘Decimer + Alle bron, proces and ogo nerd nh book ery anon oe temas of ‘heirrespestneongniatons We a ot nce with ny odio edoreaioned ais bk ‘iboor hpi ob bck hold any eaposilyfrony ies tt nba avery cpt Published & Printed by Roshan Lal Goyal for Goyal Brothers Prakashan, New Delhiudder. = yy and its assovated industries are growing ata fat pace in India, Apart from ‘elated to work given, there are other soft skills that play an important role in Working well with people ako very god ski o have The ability to convene swith your eliemts in important, This book titled A. fulfils all the necds of Information Technology with Video Lectures for class 10 [Subject code : 402] jrements of the latest syllabus and examination pattern, and examination pattern prescribed by Central Board of Secondary + The book i divided int three sections PART A deals with the Employability Skills with chapter names Communication Skills-II, Self-management Skills-Il, Basic ICT Skills-t1, Entrepreneurial Skills-II and Green Skils-IL PART B deals with Subject Specific Skills with chapters on Digital Documentation (Advanced), Electronic Spreadsheet (Advameed), Database Management System and Web Applications and Security ‘© Part B has been giv nt software suites. Schools Teachers may use either LibreOfice, MS Office or Opent 's per their convenience. us LibreOffice 6.2 has been used with Writer, Cale and Base of the LibreOffice 6.2 suite. 4 MS Office 2010 has been used with Word, Excel and Access of the MS Office 2010 suite « OpenOffice has been used with Writer, Calc and Base of the OpenOffice 4.1.7 suite. ‘© Part C contains the Latest CBSE Sample Paper and four Model Test Papers. The chapters from Part A and Part 8 has been divided into the following parts: (a) Introduction: It introduces you to the topic of the chapter. It also tells you what you will lam through the various topics eovered in the chapter. (b) Sessions: It contains relevant information on the session headings. The knowledge developed through sessions will enable you to perform certain activites (© Self Assessments: At the end of all topics under a session heading, self assessment is included t0 evaluate the knowledge of the leamers. It comprises multiple choice questions, answer the following ‘questions and practical work. (d) Exercises: At the end of each chapter, exercises are included to test the understanding of the matter read over the various topics. This section consists of MCQ's, short answer questions (1) short answer questions (I), long answer questions and practical work, Video Lectures ‘+ Chapter-wise and session-wise video lectures are provided in the book, + In order to access videos, visit study.goyalsonline.com or Download Merit Box PlayStore, Scan the QR code given alongside the topic to Android Mobile App. We hope that this book will meet the needs and requirements ofthe student as laid down in the syllabus, Any suggestion for further improvement of the book will be aagout LibreOffice 6.2 ‘This book contains chapters on three software belonging to the LibreOffice suite. The three chapters are the Digital Documentation (Advanced) based on LibreOfice Writer and Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced) based on LibreOffice Cale and Database Management System (based on LibreOffice Base) LibreOfice is a frce and open source software suite, The group that develops this software is known as the Document Foundation. LibreOffice comprises programs for word processing, the ereation and editing of spreadsheets, slideshows, diagrams and drawings, working with databases and composing mathematical formulae. It is available in 115 languages. LibreOftice is available for a variety of computing platforms, including Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux (including a LibreOflice Viewer for Android). Below are the steps to download and install the LibreOfice 6.2 suite 1. Browse to the web page www.libreoffice.ory/download/dowaload, 2 ‘The web page opens with the link Download as visible, 3. Choose your operating system, sey Windows x86_64 and click on Download. ‘The Executable file gets downloaded into your computer. Double-click the installer file and the suite _gets installed on the computer. The installer for Windows x86. 64, has the name LibeeOtfice 6.2.8 Win x64 Additionally, you might want a link forthe tutorial to each ofthe software in the suite, For that, go to the same link as step 1 above. On the page, click on Documentation link. The page that opens up has the documentation for Weiter application. Just below that, the links for other software viz. Cale (spreadsheet) Impress (presentation), Draw (diagrams and drawings), te. can be seem. Click on any one and download the requisite tutorial or guide for further use. asouT MS Office 2010 This book contains chapters on te sofware belonging to the MS Office 2010 suite, The three chapters are the Digital Documentation (Advanced) bused on MS Word 2010, Bleetronie Spreadsheet (Advanced) based on MS Excel 2010 and Database Management System (based on MS Access 2010), Its proprietary and paid software. It is @ product of Microsoft. Ths sofware does not come with the standard installation of Microsoft Windows OS. ‘The software is sold in the form of a CD. Inserting the CD into a computer running Windows will install it. Office 2010 is no longer supported, However, if you stil want to install it, you will need an office 2010 installation disk and product Key for the version you are trying to instal, asouT OpenOffice 4.1.7 ‘This book contains chapters on thee software belonging to the OpenOifice 4.1.7 suite. The three chapters are the Digital Documentation (Advanced) based on OpenOice Writer, Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced) based on OpenOifice Cale and Database Management System (based on OpenOffice Base). It is an open source software, ‘You may download the setup file from www.openofiice.org/download. On this page, there is a“Download Full installation” link which you need to click. There are options for OS used, language pack and version ‘number to download.SYLLABUS SCHEME OF UNITS ‘Theory 50 ‘Total Marks: 100 Practical 50 ‘ommunication Skills-It c___ UMD: Sanger Se 0 S__ | Unlt3< Information and Communication to to = Technology Silt Px | Unie 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-11 1s ‘Unit: Green Skills. 05 50 10 Dit 1 Distt Dosimension (Advaneed) v ug § a + Bletronic 2 Unit 2: Flan Srendsot s a o £ (advanced) EE nie 3: Database Management Sytem 1 n 2 ‘Unit 4: Web Application and Security 15 2 10 © Practical Examination EL Written Test 10 s Viva Voce 10 Practical File! Studemt Portfolio Viva Voce os “Total 1s PartDeee cea Unie: Communication kills 10 2 | Unit 2: Sel Management Skill 10 3. Unit Information and Communication Tetnology Skils-I 10 4 Unita: Eowepreneuril Skil Is 5. Unit S: Groen Still os ‘Total Duration 0 Unit 1 : Communication Skills ~ It 1. Demonsinte knowledge cof various methods of “Methods of communication Verbal = Non-verbal Visual 1. Writing pros and eons of writen, verbal trad non-verbl communesion 2. Listing do's and don'ts for avoiding common body language mistakes 2. Provide descipive and specitic Feedback ‘Communication cycle and importance of feedback Meaning and importance of feedback Descripive feedback - written comments Specific and now spect feedback 1 Constructing sentences for providing Aescipive and specifi feedback 3. Apply measures to overcome barriers in communication Barer to effective communication — types and factors “Measures to overvome batts in fective 1 Enlsting baer oetestive 2. Applying measures to overcome buries “4. Apply principles of Principles of effective communication 7 Caf effective communication 1 Constructing sentences that convey al facts quired by the receiver 2. Expressing va manner that shows respect to the receiver ofthe mersage 3, Exercises andl games on applying 1Cs of fective communication 5, Demonstrate bass writing sill Writing skills tothe following: Sentence Phrase Kinds of Sentences - Pats of Sentence Registor onthe platform & REDEEM VOUCHER CODE voucher val 131 August 2021 9319552211 support@brighttutee.com & www.brighttutee.comCONTENTS 4. COMMUNICATION SKILLS ~ I 222 “U1 Various Methods of Communication Session 1: Verbal Communicaton 2 Sossion 2 Nonerbal Communication 3 Session $ Visual Communication 5 ‘= Summary 1 Saif Assessment 412 Provide Descriptive and Specific Feedback Session 1: Gommuniatien Cyelo and Importance of Feodback 7 Session 2 Meaning and Importance of Feedback 8 Session 3: Desctpive Feacback ~ Writon Comments oF Conversations 8 Session & Specie and Non-Specttc Feedback ° ‘= Summary ‘Self Assessment 413 Measures to Overcome Barriers in Communication SSoesion 1: Barons to Effacive Communication - Types and Factors 0 ‘Session 2: Mansures to Overcome Earsers in Conmunicaton 2 ‘© Summary "Self Assessment 414 Principles of Communication Session 1: Panos of Efecive Communication 2 Session 2: TCs of Efectve Communcation « ‘© Summary "Self Assessment 1.5 Basic Writing Skills Session 42 Writing Stil 6 Session 2: Sentence 6 Session 2: Phrase 6 SSoesion 4: Kinds of Sentences 7 Session §: Parte of Sentence 8 Session 6: Pans of Speeen 1% Session 7: Aftilas » Session 8: Gonstmucton af @ Paragraph 2 ‘© Summary "Self Assessment + Exercises, 2. SELF-MANAGEMENT SKILLS ~ I 23-30 24 Stross Management Techniques Session 1: Meaning and Importance of Stress Management a Sossion 2: Steas Management Techniques ~ Physical Exereo, Yoga, Meditation 24 Session 3: Enjoying, Going to Vocations and Holidays with Family and Fronds 26 Session 4 Taking Nature Walks 2 ‘= Summary 1 Saif Assessment 22 Ablity To Work Independenty Session {: Importance of Ability to Werk Independently n Session 2: Typos of SolkAwaraness 2 Session 3: SaltMotwation and Sef Region 2 ‘© Summary 1 Solf Assessment + Exercises, 3. BASIC ICT SKILLS - I woe 31683, 3.4 Distinguish Botweon Different Operating Systems Session 1: Operating System a” Session 2: Whdowa 7 and Its DesKop = 1» Summery "Self Assessment 32 Working with Files and Folders Session 1 Flos and Follers fn Windows 6 Session 2: Widows Expl ‘= Summary 1 Sol Assessment "32 Apply Basie Skils for Care and Maintenance of Computer SSeosion 1: Thveata that Afact a Computer Sytem “1 Session 2; Sofware Saoty, Socury and Care “4 Session 3: Unity Tels of Windows 4 = Summary 1 Self Assessment + Exerciaes 4, ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS - II oe 5460 44 List the Characteristics of a Successful Entrepreneur Session 1: Enrepreneurstip and Sooty st Session 2 Qualites and Functions of a Suscesst Envepreneu 5 Session 3: Role and Sigiiearcolmporance of Enteprenours 36 Session 4: Myths about Enoprenourship 38 Session 5: Entrepreneurship as a Caroar Option 38 ‘Summary ‘Self Assessment + xercoes, 5. GREEN SKILLS ~ II acs ans SBIR) ‘51, Demonstrate the Knowledge of Importance, Problems and Solutions Related to Sustainable Development Session 1: Meaning and Defniton of Sussinabie Development 61 Session 2: Impertance of Sustainable Development ez Protioms Related to Sustainable Developmont Solulons Related 1 Sustainable Development ‘Summary "Self Assessment * Exercise Pre Dear ee) 6. DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION (ADVANCED) 70-105 Session 1: Apply les inthe Document 75 Session 2: art and Usa Images in 8 Document 79 Create and Use Template 38 Greate and Customize Table of Coatents 96 Implement Mall Merge 100 © Summary ‘Self Assessment + Exercises, 7. ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET (ADVANCED) ceo 106-143, ‘Analyse Data Using Sconaios art Goal Sook Unk Spreadsheet Data ‘Share and Review a Document Use Macros in Spreadsheet «Self Assessment + Exercises, 8. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ono 1180 ‘Appeciao tho Concopt af Database Managomont Syston a8 Create Table Using Table Weare “ar Perform Operations on Ta 153 FRotieve Data Using Query 167 Create Fores and Roports Using Wrzard 164 Understand and use SOL and ODL Commands ws "Self Assessment Exercins, PART B: SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS (Based on MS Office 2010) 6. DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION (ADVANCED) 182-209 Session 1: Apply Ses inthe Document 407 Session 2: inert and Use Images in a Document 401 Session 3: Create and Use Template +98 Sossion 4: Gate and Customize Table of Contents 201 Session 5: implement Mal Merge 203 = Summary 1 Self Assessment + Exercise7. ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET (ADVANCED) 210-233 ‘Session 1» Anase Data Using Sconarios and Goal Seok 215 Session 2: Link Speeadshedt Data 228 Session 3: Share and Review a Document 228 Session 4 Use Macros in Spreadsneet ar ‘© Summary ‘Sel Assessment + Exercives, 8. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM oon 234-264 ‘Session 1: Apprecate the Concept of Database Management System au Session 2: Great and Eat Tables Using Wizard and SOL Commands 2a Session 3: Perform Operations on Table 246 Session 4: Retove Data Usng Query 250 Session 5: Greate Forms and Reports Using Ward 256 ‘= Summary "= Sol Assessment + Exorcios PUT eae eee a) 6. DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION (ADVANCED) oo 266-269 Session 4+ Appiy Sls in the Document 209 Session 2: Insert and Use Images in Document 2a Session 3: Cresta and Use Template on Session 4: Cresta and Customize Tale of Contents 200 Session 5: Implement Mall Merge 22 ‘= Summary ‘Sol Assessment = xercisos 7. ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET (ADVANCED) oo 290-321 ‘Session 1: Anaize Data Using Sconaios and Goal Seok 296 Session 2: Link Data and Spreadsheet 200 Session 2: Shaee and Review @ Spreadsnest 209 Session 4 Create and Use Macros in Spreadsheet 319 ‘= Summary 1+ Sol Assessment = Exorcios 8. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM eo 922-354 Session 1: Concept of Database Management System a2 ‘Session 2° Great a Table Using Table Wears 325 Session 3: Performing Operations on Table 331 Session 4: Revieve Daia Using Query 335 Session §: Cresta Forms and Reports Using Wizard 200 Session 6: SL and DDL Commands 350 = Summary 1 Sol Assessment + Exercises 9. WEB APPLICATIONS AND SECURITY* ow owe 356-408 Wrking with Accessbilty Options 386 Understand Networking Fundamentts 362 Inoducton to Instant Messagng 369 CChating with 8 Contact ~ Google Hangouts 370 Creating and Publishing Web Pages ~ Blog an Using Offre Blog Eilts 276 Online Transactons an Intemet Securty 37 Mainain Viorklace Safety 309 Prevent Accienis and Emergencies aa Protect Heath and Safety at Work 402 Pics ae ‘¢ CBSE SAMPLE PAPER (with Marking Scheme) wm 410-414 © MODEL TEST PAPERS (1 - 4) oo 415-430 ‘This capi Appears and Secu) an essensl pat oF Sujet Speate ‘Sts ard has be amt along win the coolers 6.7 and 8EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS \ / 1, Communication Skills ~ If 2, Self-Management Skills ~It 3. Basic ICT Skills ~ II wy | 4, Entrepreneurial Skills~ IL v 5. Green Skills Il Vf ee ly . / * . \ iid /\ ~~ * oe =eCommunication Skills - II PENT) 1.1 VARIOUS METHODS OF COMMUNICATION INTRODUCTION ‘As discussed in the previous grade, we human beings are bestowed with the quality to communicate Communication allows us to express our needs, wants, and other things to humans or animals. ‘Communication can be carried out by auditory means, such as speaking, singing, and sometimes tone of voice, and non-verbal, physical means, such as body language. sign language, paralanguage, touch, eye contact, or the use of writing (only with another literate person). Human beings communicate with other humans, in different mediums —vocally (using voice), written (using printed or digital media such as books, magazines, websites or emails), visually (using logos, maps, charts, ‘or graphs) of non-verbally (using body language, gestures and the tone and pitch of voice). ‘Whatever be the medium, communication still means that some message 1s being transferred from one source Gender of the message) to the chosen target Geceiver of the message). The question arses, whether the message transmitted from the source to the target is received and interpreted correctly or misinterpreted. Since ages ‘communication experts and social scientists have been fascinated by the process of communication, which is not limited to human beings, or even all living creatures, but may also be caried out between machines or parts ‘of machines; some seek communication with beings from other planets or exerateresrial life: or the religious ‘communication that is perceived to take place between beings in the spiritual world and even God! “SESSION 1 VERBAL COMMUNICATION Verbal communication enables us to share our thoughts with others by using words in a mutually ‘understandable language such as English, Hindi, Urdu, Chinese, French, Spanish, etc. Language plays «2an important role in verbal communication. In simple words, language is a syntactically organised system of signals, such as voice sounds, Intonations or pitch, gestures or written symbols Thinks which help in communicating our thoughts or feelings. Our peaks | verbal communication can be done either in a written or oral ef mode. The spoken and writlen languages that we use as part of our day-to-day activities can be described as a system of symbols also known as /exemes and the grammars (rules) by Which the symbols are manipulated, In fat, language learning i normal in human childhood. Most human languages use pattems of sound ot gesture for symbols which enable communication, MG! OUR BRAIN FIST THINKS: with others around them WEACTUMIIY SPEAK OR WRITE ANYTHING In spite of various advantages of language based verbal communication, including weitien and oral communication, one of its disadvantages ts that it is NOT an independent mode as it always depends on words of a common language for information shared between the sender and the receiver Components that make verbal communication effective are—language competency, vocabulary, general ss, domain knowledge (in your ease Information Technology) and listening, See figure 12. + Listening: It is the most important of all the ve ening ‘iaering components mentioned above. In fac. listening 18 & psa key component of our learning, process. Conner (Vocabulary + Language competency: Language competency. 2S eat 8 ‘ncuding grammar, is an indicator of our comfort “communication Uterine level with the language you use to express our ~~ Domain General thoughts snoutedge -anoreness| Ustering Ustening ‘Vocabulary: It reflects how comfortable you are with your working language. It helps in the usages of suitable words in different contexts. FIG. 12: COMPONENTS THAT MAKE VERBAL ‘COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVE ‘+ General awareness: It is your awareness about your surroundings including latest events in the world around you, It gives you the confidence to communicate with conviction ‘+ Domain knowledge: It is your expertise in your chosen area ~ arts, commerce, science etc. Being ‘well informed about the latest happenings helps you to communicate with confidence |SESSION 2) NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Non-verbal communication enables us to share our thoughts with others by using anything other than ‘words. Hence, this non-word or non-verbal communication is an act of imparting or interchanging thoughts, posture, opinions, or information without the use of words, using gestures, sign language, facial expressions, and body language, etc. This may also include ‘object communication’ or ‘symbolic communication of objects’ such as colour, clothing, hairstyles, smell, time, ambience and even architecture (of the place ‘where communication takes place). Interestingly, your speech may also contain non-verbal elements stich as paralanguage, including voice modulation, pace, pitch, emotion and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation and stress. Similarly, written texts too have non-verbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the use of emoticons 3)‘Components that make non-verbal communication effective are -body language, proxemics, kinesics, haptics, vocalics (including silence and pauses), chromatics, chronemics and olfactics. See figure 1.3. IG, 13: COMPONENTS THAT MAKE NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVE ‘+ Body Language: It is a complex mixture of gestures, movement, posture, and tone of voice. + Kinesics: It refers to the interpretation of the movement of the body or is separate parts which may be culture bound. + Proxemics: It refers to how we use physical space in our day-to-day interaction with others. ‘+ Haptics: It refers to communicating our emotions through touch such as formal. handshake, affectionate hug, angry slap or frivolous peck through which people achieve a sense of connection + Paralinguisties: It refers to the conscious or unconscious use of vocal sounds such as intonation, accent, pitch, pace, pause, silence, noise, and voluntary or involuntary actions (such as laughter and yawning) that we use while communication through ee ‘spoken method. CK ouatom >) + Chronemics: It refers to the use of time in a disciplined ee manner. Some cultures are very strict towards the use of one's avin as well as other's time + Chromatics: It refers to the use of colours and the meanings they convey. Colours are perceived differently in different cultures. + Olfactis: It refers to our sense of smell. Different types of smells impact our brains in different manners. FIG, L4: YOUR BODY LANGUAGE SPEAKS IT ALL! In spite of various advantages of non-verbal communication, one of its disadvantages is that it is NOT an absolute language that can be interpreted same by both the sender and the receiver. It is highly subjective and dependent on the context and culture that sometimes may not be same for the sender and the receiver. For example, the three colours used in our National flag—deep saffron (Kesari) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom, represents strength and courage of the county (Saffron colour); the white middle band indicates peace and truth with Dharma Chakra; and the green colour shows the fertility, growth and auspiciousness of our motherland. iy Non-verbal communication is also very important in the context of _ ith ¥ inter-cultural communication. Taking into account the differences In interpretation of different events, items, or words, sometimes —§ —x Becomes a sensve issue and. may result In cross-cultural === ‘communication bartiers. ‘This is because objects or things that "0 «4 LS: HAND GESTURES MEAN DIFFERENT THINGS IN DIFFERENT CULTURES,are seen as neutral and inoffensive in one culture can be a taboo or offensive in others. For example, the ‘thumbs-up gesture is commonly used in many cultures to signify a job well done. However, if it is used In Australia, Greece, or the Middle East — especially if it thrust up as a typical hitchhiking gesture, it ‘would be taken as an obscene gesture. |SESSION 3 VISUAL COMMUNICATION ‘Visual communication (also known. as graphic communication) enables visual presentation of the information. It fas often been sald that a picture is worth a thousand words. ‘This Is true of graphs, charts and other graphic and visual aids. This method of communication depends heavily on one’s vision, This third type of communication method, may make use of both verbal and non-verbal communication. It takes place with the aid of visual elements. ‘There are many forms of visual communication. Some commonly used visual communication forms are: public signs, visual symbols, tables, chars, graphs, maps, icons and emoticons. ‘The very fact that visual matters or subjects make a permanent effect in the mind of an audience, visual ‘communication is widely used for its added advantage. AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAA‘The reasons why this method of communication is so popular these days are 1. It supports our information by backing up what we say. It brings receiver's attention to the {information we are sharing 2. It clarifies the meaning of our discussion, oral or written, by providing its visuals, which immediately registers in the receiver's brai 3. It allows gain and regain of our audience's attention because graphic or visual aids can break the ‘monotony that might have crept in due to listening or reading for an extended period, 4. I adds variety to our written or oral presentation, Listening (0 the same voice or reading long pages of text can be very boring. In spite of various advantages of visual communication methods, some of its disadvantages are: 1, Limited Scope: All topies or subject matters cannot be presented through visual communi policy, systems, rules, order and recommendation of an organisation cannot be produced in terms of visual communication, 2. Too Brief: A complete and detailed information cannot be displayed through this communication method. 3. Not Easy to Understand: Drawing, graphs, charts or symbols may not convey any messaue to people ‘who don't have specialised knowledge of the subject matter. Special knowledge and efficiency are required to deal with visual communication. For example, drawing of a building or a sketch of a bridge may not be clear to general people but engineers, architects and technical persons can easily deal with such situation, 4. Not Cost Effective: To use graphs, pictures, charts, drawing, cartoons and sketch is not cost effective Al these require various tools and techniques which are costly. 5. Prone to Misinterpretation: Sometimes, information displayed in terms of icons, emoticons, graphs, charts or tables may be in wrong order. Decisions taken on the basis of such information may lead to ineffective outputs oF fruitless results Sis ‘© Communication allows us to express our needs, wants, and other things to humans or animals. ‘© The three most commonly used methods of communication are: (1) verbal communication, (2) non- verbal communication and (3) visual communication. ‘= Verbal communication enables us to share our thoughts with others by using words in a mutually understandable language. ‘© Our verbal communication can be done either in a written or oral mode, '* Non-verbal communication enables us to share our thoughts with others by using anything other than words. ‘© Non-verbal communication is an act of imparting or interchanging thoughts, posture, opinions, or information without the use of words, using gestures, sign language, facial expressions, and body language etc. It may also include ‘object communication’ or ‘symbolic communication of objects’ such as colour, clothing, hairstyles, smell, time, ambience and even architecture (of the place where communication takes place). '* Visual communication (also known as graphic communication) enables visual presentation of the information. It has often been said that a picture is worth a thousand words. «s