ACADEMIC WRITING VS.

PROFESSIONAL WRITING

ACADEMIC- it takes the formal paper that follows specific standards such as the use of formal language,
referencing where sources are given credit, and specific grammatical patterns, organization and
argument

PROFESSIONAL – is a formal communication with specific stndards used in a particular workplace/fiels,

just like resumes and letters.

ACADEMIC-use facts and issues, formal, 3 rd person, long stences are alright

PROFESSIONAL – but not overly formal, ccan use any point of view, opinions, shorter and simpler
sentences.

COMMON FORMATS

ACADEMIC – abstract, book report, thesis, essay, research paper,

PROFFESIONAL – letters, memos, business email, executive summaries, resume

WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINE

Is the research study of specialized literature forms and practices within academic disciplines.

Disciplines differ from one another in their writing practices. Local circumstances influence how these
texts appear and how they are used in individual cases.
DISCIPLINES HAVE

1. Developed specialized
2. Conventions
3. Styles
4. Genres
5. Criteria of judgement
6. Forums(e.g conferences and journals)
7. Uses for texts
8. Intertextual systems

11 SENTENCE PARAGRAPH

INTRODUCTION

THREE MAIN IDEAS

TWO DETAILED SUPPORTING SENTENCES FOR EACH MAIN IDEA

CONCLUSION SENTENCE

All paragraphs need an introduction to begin it. This introduction

lis called the topic sentence.

The topic sentence is what allows the reader to know what they are
going to read about.

The main ideas are the important points that you are writing

about. 

Each main idea of the paragraph needs supporting

details.

The conclusion sentence is where the writer wraps up the 11 sentence

paragraph.

This sentence should be a summary of the information that is an

original sentence.
SUMMARIZING A TEXT

Defined as taking a lot of information and creating condensed version that coversthe main points; and to
express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form.

Summarizing is used to support an argument, provide context for a paper’s thesis, write literature
reviews and annotate a biblography

APPROACHES TO LITERATURE

CRITICAL APPROACHES – are different perspectives we consider when looking at a piece of literature.

CRITICAL APPROACHES TO CONSIDER:

1. READER-RESPONSE CRITICISM
how do we feel at the beginning and end
experience not on object
2. FORMALIST CRITICISM
fixed meaning
timeless and universal
3. PSYCHOLOGICAL CRITICISM
focuses on the hidden motivations of literary characters
4. SOCIOLOGICAL
reflection of society
norms standard society
a. FEMINIST – gender biased
b. MARXIST – social condition
 5. BIOGRAPHICAL
Author’s life and background
6. NEW HISTORICIST
A timeline and history

THESIS STATEMENT

Is a complete sentence that contains one main idea. A thS contains subpoints that also helps a
reader know how the essay will be organized.

TOPIC SENTENCE

In a body paragraph in an essay supports the the. It explains why the author assumes his or her
position in the ths.

KEY FEATURES:

1. States the main idea of the essay in a complete sentence, not in a question
2. Is usually at the end of an introduction
3. States an opinion or attitude on a topic. It doesn’t just state the topic, itself
4. Often lists subtopics
5. Does not directly announce your main topic.

FIVE PARAGRAPH ESSAY