Chapter 3

Chapter 3 deals with the importance or purposes, characteristics, and

sources of related literature and studies.

Related literature- composed of discussions of facts and principles to

which the present study is related. These materials are usually printed
and found in books, encyclopedias, professional journals, magazines,
newspapers, and other publications.

These materials are classified as:

Local- printed in the Philippines, and

Foreign- printed in other lands

Related studies- studies, inquiries, or investigations already conducted to
which the present proposed study is related or has some bearing or
similarity. They are usually unpublished materials such as manuscripts,
theses, and dissertations.

They may be classified as:

Local- if the inquiry was conducted in the Philippines; and
Foreign- if conducted in foreign lands

A survey or review of related literature and studies is very

important because such reviewed literature and studies serve as a
foundation of the proposed study. This is because related literature and
studies guide the researcher in pursuing his research venture. Reviewed
literature and studies help or guide the researcher in the following ways.

1. They help or guide the researcher in searching for or selecting a

better research problem or topic. (Replication is the study of a
research problem already conducted but in another place.)
2. They help the investigator understand his topic for research better.
3. They ensure that there will be no duplication of other studies.
 4. They help and guide the researcher in locating more sources of
related information.
5. They help and guide the researcher in making his research design.
6. They help and guide the researcher in making comparison
between his findings with the findings of other researchers on
similar studies with the end in view of formulating generalizations
or principles which are the contributions of the study to the fund of
knowledge.

1. The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible.

2. Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased.
3. Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study.
4. Surveyed materials must have been based upon genuinely original
and true facts or data to make them valid and reliable.
5. Reviewed materials must not be too few nor too many.

1. Books, encyclopedias, almanacs, journals, magazines,

periodicals, newspapers, and other publications
2. Articles published in professional journals, magazines, periodicals,
newspapers, and other publications
3. Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters, and diaries
4. Unpublished theses and dissertations
5. The Constitution, and laws and statutes of the land
6. Bulletins, circulars, and orders emanating from the government
officers and departments, especially from the Office of the
President of the Philippines and the Department of Education,
Culture and Sports
7. Records of schools, public and private, especially reports of their
activities
8. Reports from seminars, educational or otherwise
9. Official reports of all kinds, educational, social, economic,
scientific, technological, political, etc. from the government and
other entities
1. Libraries
2. Government and private offices
3. The National Library
4. The Library of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports