Chapt

er 3
Chapter 3 deals with the importance or purposes,
characteristics, and sources of related literature and studies.

RELATED LITERATURE AND

STUDIES
Related literature- composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the
present study is related. These materials are usually printed and found in books,
encyclopedias, professional journals, magazines, newspapers, and other publications.
These materials are classified as:
Local- printed in the Philippines, and
Foreign- printed in other lands
Related studies- studies, inquiries, or investigations already conducted to which the
present proposed study is related or has some bearing or similarity. They are usually
unpublished materials such as manuscripts, theses, and dissertations.
They may be classified as:
Local- if the inquiry was conducted in the Philippines; and
Foreign- if conducted in foreign lands

IMPORTANCE, PURPOSES, AND FUCTIONS

OF RL AND STUDIES
A survey or review of related literature and studies is very important because
such reviewed literature and studies serve as a foundation of the proposed study. This is
because related literature and studies guide the researcher in pursuing his research
venture. Reviewed literature and studies help or guide the researcher in the following
ways.
1. They help or guide the researcher in searching for or selecting a better
research problem or topic. (Replication is the study of a research problem
already conducted but in another place.)
2. They help the investigator understand his topic for research better.
3. They ensure that there will be no duplication of other studies.
 4. They help and guide the researcher in locating more sources of related
information.
5. They help and guide the researcher in making his research design.
6. They help and guide the researcher in making comparison between his
findings with the findings of other researchers on similar studies with the
end in view of formulating generalizations or principles which are the
contributions of the study to the fund of knowledge.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RL AND
STUDIES
1. The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible.
2. Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased.
3. Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study.
4. Surveyed materials must have been based upon genuinely original and true
facts or data to make them valid and reliable.
5. Reviewed materials must not be too few nor too many.

SOURCES OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES
1. Books, encyclopedias, almanacs, journals, magazines, periodicals,
newspapers, and other publications
2. Articles published in professional journals, magazines, periodicals,
newspapers, and other publications
3. Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters, and diaries
4. Unpublished theses and dissertations
5. The Constitution, and laws and statutes of the land
6. Bulletins, circulars, and orders emanating from the government officers
and departments, especially from the Office of the President of the
Philippines and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports
7. Records of schools, public and private, especially reports of their activities
8. Reports from seminars, educational or otherwise
9. Official reports of all kinds, educational, social, economic, scientific,
technological, political, etc. from the government and other entities
WHERE TO LOCATE THE SOURCES
1. Libraries
2. Government and private offices
3. The National Library
4. The Library of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports