CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)

Type 1: Real conditional sentences (câu điều kiện có thật)

If Clause Main Clause
If + S + V(simple present) S + will/can/may/must + Vo
S + Vs/es
Be= is, am, are
Main clause :Có thể là câu mệnh lệnh
Ex: If I have the money, I will be a new car.
* Exercise:
1. If you put on the kettle I (make) ………………………the tea.
2. If he (go ) …………………on telling lies nobody will believe a word he says.
3. If you come late, they (not let) ………………………..you in.
4. Ih he (be)……………………….. late, we’ll go without him.
5. If you (not like) ……………………………… this one, I’ll bring you another.
6. Unless I have a quiet room, I (not able)……………………….. to do anything.
7. She won’t open the door unless she (know) ……………………..who it is.
8. I’ll (be) …………….very angry if he (make) ……………………any mistakes.
9. If you (not believe) …………………………..what I say, ask your mother.
10. We’ll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) ………………….any higher.
Type 2: Present unreal conditional sentences (câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)
If Clause Main Clause
If + S + Vsimple past S + would/could/ might/ had to + V
(be àwere)
Ex: I don’t have free time, so we can’t go to the beach with you
* Exercises:
1. If he knew that it was dangerous he (not) come………………….
2. If I (win) ……………….a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
3. If you slept under a mosquito net you (not be)…………………bitten so often.
4. If you (paint) ………………………the wall white, the room would be much brighter.
5. If he worked more slowly, he (not make)…………………………. so many mistakes.
6. He might get fat if he (stop) …………………smoking.
7. I could get a job easily if I (have)………………….. a degree.
8. He (look ) ……………………………a lot better if he shaved more often.
9. What……. you (do) ……………………..if you found a burglar in your house?
10. He could get a job eacily if he (have) …………………. a degree..
Type 3: Past unreal conditional sentences (câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)
If Clause Main Clause
If + S + had + pp(Ved/V3) S + would/could/might + have + P.P
(V3/ed)
Ex: I didn’t know that you were there, so I didn’t write you a letter.
à If I had known that you were there, I would have written you a letter.
F Unless = If …not
Ex: If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
  = Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
G Câu điều kiện kết hợp loại 2 và loại 3
Ex: 1. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now.
Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences.
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1. They _____________ angry if you didn’t visit them.
A. would be B. should be C. would D. should
2. What would you do if you _____________ a million dollars?
A. win B. won C. had won D. will win
3. What will happen if the air _____________?
A. was polluted B. be polluted C. is polluted D. has polluted
4. He wouldn’t have had an accident if he _____________ more carefully.
A. drives B. drove C. had driven D. was driving
5. If you _____________ better last night, you wouldn’t have been so tired.
A. sleep B. had slept C. was sleeping D. slept
6. If I had noticed him, I _____________ hello to him .
A. say B. said C. would say D. would h
8. If I____________ his address, I would give it to you.
A know B. would known C. knew D. had known
9. If you____________ time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
10. I shouldn’t go there at night if I ____________ you.
A. am B. was C. be D. were
11. If I ____________ get a pole, I will go fishing.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
12. If you had the chance, ____________ you go fishing?
A. did B. may C. would D. do
13. If you ____________ a choice, which country would you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
14. Trees won’t grow____________ there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
15. ____________ she agreed, you would have done it.
A. if B. had C. should D. would
16. If I had taken that English course, I____________ much progress.
A. had made B. would have made C. made D.
would make
17. If I were in your place, I____________ a trip to England.
A. will make B. had made C. would make D. made
18. You ____________disappointed if there ____________no snow for this winter
holiday?
A. Would be / was B. will be / is C. will be / are D. could be / is
19. If she ____________yesterday, she would come here with us tomorrow night.
A. finished it B. finishes it C. had finished it D. has finished it
20. If I ____________for an accounting firm, I would be working in a post-office.
A. wasn't working B. worked C. hadn't worked D. weren't working
21. What would you have done if you ____________a lot of money?
A. had B. will C. had had D. have had
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22. If we had known that you were there, we____________ you a letter.
A. would write B. would have write C. would have
written D. had written
23. If we had checked the petrol before we started, we ____________here.
A. wouldn't stop B. wouldn't have stopped C. would have stopped D.
would stop
24. “Did he study yesterday?” “No, but if he _______, he would have done better on
today’s test.”
A. had B. has C. will study D. had done
25. My sister ____________you the technique of weaving if you ask her.
A. would show B. shows C. will show D. showed
26. She would be happy if we ____________her a bunch of flowers.
A. had sent B. sent C. would send D. send
27. If you don’t feel well, you_____________ better take a rest.
A. are B. would C. had D. have
28. What would you have done if you _____________ a lot of money?
A. had B. had had C. have had D. have
29. I’ll be very disappointed if you _____________ the exam.
A. don’t pass B. won’t pass C. aren’t passing D. wouldn’t pass
30. If he _____________ harder, the results would be better.
A. has worked B. works C. will work D. worked
31. If I had had free time, I _____________ shopping.
A. would have gone B. can go C. will go D. will have gone
32. _____________ if you take the map with you.
A. You will get lost B. You won’t get lost C. You get lost
D. You got lost
33. If you had come to the party, you _____________ her.
A. would meet B. had met C. would have met D. met
34. I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn’t sleep if I _____________ to bed
now.
A. go B. went C. had gone D. would go
35. If I were you, I _____________ that shirt. It’s much too expensive.
A. won’t buy B. don’t buy C. am not going to buy D. wouldn’t
buy
36. I decided to stay at home last night. I would have gone out if I _____________ so
tired .
A. wasn’t B. weren’t C. wouldn’t have been D. hadn’t
been
37. What will I do if no one _____________ me at the airport?
A. meet B. will meet C. meets D. met
38. Jean gets very agitated if her daughter _____________ her once a week.
A. doesn't ring B. didn't ring C. not ring D. don't ring
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39. If the train is late, we_____________ to the office.
A. walk B. will walk C. would walk D. walks
40. She _____________if she has time.
A. calls B. would call C. will call D. calling
41. If it _____________too much, I will buy the smaller one.
A. costs B. will cost C. would cost D. cost
42. If the class _____________full, we will find another one.
A. are B. will be C. were D. is
43. What will we do if the taxi_____________?
A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. doesn’t come D. had not come
44. If it snowed this summer, we _____________skiing.
A. goes B. will go C. would go D. go
45. If you drove more carefully, you _____________so many accidents.
A. would not have B. will not have C. wouldn’t have had D. has
46. If he_____________ up earlier, he’d get to work on time.
A. gets B. will get C. got D. had got
47. I would tell you more about it if we _____________more time.
A. has B. will have C. have D. had
48. If I _____________you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
A. am B. be C. were D. had been
49. If you _____________any money, I’d give you some.
A. hadn’t had B. haven’t had C. don’t have D. didn’t have
50. You’d earn more money if you _____________more products.
A. to sell B. sell C. sold D. will sell

Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences.

1. If I _____________so busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
A. were not B. wasn’t C. aren’t D. hadn’t been
2. If you had seen the film, you_____________ it.
A. will enjoy B. would have enjoyed C. would enjoy D. enjoyed
3. She would have gone to the university if she_____________ the opportunity.
A. has B. will have C. had had D. had
4. If he had been more careful, he _____________an accident.
A. would not have had B. will not have C. does not have D. would not have
5. If you’d stayed at home, there _____________any trouble.
A. would not be B. will not be C. is not D. would not have
been
6. What would you do if he_____________ tomorrow?
A. resigned B. will resign C. resigns D. to resign
7. I’ll do it if he_____________ me.
A. asking B. will ask C. asked D. asks
8. If you_____________ for the car, we’d be able to sell it.
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 A. look B. looks C. looked D. had looked
9. Unless he _____________more, he won’t get much commission.
A. sell B. sells C. sold D. selling
10. If he _____________hard today, _____________a holiday tomorrow?
A. worked/ can he have B. work/ he can have C. works/ can he
have D. had worked/ he can have
11. Ice_____________ into water unless you heat it.
A. don’t turn B. doesn’t turn C. would turn D. would have
turned
12. If you_____________ this one, I’ll bring you another.
A. doesn’t like B. will not like C. don’t like D. didn’t like
13. Unless you _____________ more careful, you _____________an accident.
A. are/ will have B. were/ will have C. had been/ would have D. be/ have
14. If I tell you a secret, _____________you promise not to tell it to anyone else?
A. would B. did C. will D. have
15. If you _____________what I say, ask your mother.
A. not believe B. not to believe C. didn’t believe D. don’t believe
16. Unless I _____________a quiet room, I _____________not be able to do any work.
A. had/ will B. have/ will C. has/ would have D. had had/ would
have
17. She _____________not open the door unless she _____________who it was.
A. will/ knew B. will/ knows C. would/ knew D. does/ knows
18. If I _____________ a typewriter now, I_____________ this contract by myself.
A. have/ would type B. have/ will type C. had/ would type
D. had had/ would have typed
19. Unless I _____________his address, I’d give it to you.
A. didn’t know/ will give B. don’t know/ would have given C.
knew/ would give D. know/ will give
20. Unless he worked more slowly, he _____________so many mistakes.
A. would make B. will make C. wouldn’t make D. won’t make
21. I wouldn’t drink that wine if I _____________you.
A. were B. am C. had been D. be
22. If you _____________your car into the river, you _____________able to get out.
A. drive/ weren’t B. drove/ wouldn’t be C. drove/ will be D. drive/ wouldn’t
be
23. If you _____________to a union, you couldn’t get a job.
A. don’t belong B. are belonging C. had belong D. didn’t belong
24. What _____________ if you found a burglar in your house?
A. do you do B. you do C. would you do D. you would do
25. He might get fat unless he _________smoking.
A. kept on B. stopped C. accepted D. addicted
26. If you __________someone drowning what would you do?
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 A. see B. seen C. had seen D. saw
27. I___________ ruined her if I bought her everything she asked for.
A. were B. will be C. would have been D. would be
28. I___________ a job easily if I __________a degree.
A. could get/ have B. can get/ had C. could get/ had D. can get/ had had
29. I’d go and see him more often if he ___________on a bus route.
A. lives B. lived C. had lived D. living
30. What would you have done if the lift _____________struck between two floors at
that time.
A. had got B. got C. gets D. getting
31. I’d climb over the wall if there __________so much broken glass on top of it.
A. were B. had been C. are D. is
32. Unless I had known that you were in hospital, I ___________you.
A. will visit B. would have visited C. visit D. don’t visit
33. You would have seen my garden at its best if you ___________here last week.
A. were B. are C. had been D. be
34. I shouldn’t have believed it if I ___________it with my own eyes.
A. had seen B. saw C. hadn’t seen D. didn’t see
35. If I ___________a map, I __________the way to the Post Office.
A. had had/ would have lost B. had had/ wouldn’t have lost
C. had/ won’t lose D. have/ wouldn’t have
36. If I___________ that you were coming, I’d have baked a cake.
A. know B. knew C. had known D. didn’t know
PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in to the correct forms:
1. If he (eat)......................................... all that, he will be ill.
2. She could give us some advice if she (be)............................................ here now.
3. What (happen)........................................... if my parachute does not open?
4. The baby (wake) ....................................... up if you spoke louder.
5. If I (know) ..............................................the answer, I would tell you.
6. You (not have).............................. so many accidents if you drove more carefully.
7. If Peter (ask)............................................ me, I’ll help him with all my ability.
8. If she studied harder, she (get)................................................... better grades.
9. If I (be)................................. you, I (tell) ....................................... them the truth.
10. Lee will go to a Disneyland if he (save) ………………………… enough money.
11. If you (do)........................... as I told you, you (succeed).......................................
12. I (not go).......................................... to his house unless you go with me.
13. We could have a drink if it............................................. (not be) so late.
14. Please don’t disturb him if he (be).............................................. busy.
15. If ice (be)........................ heavier than water, it (not float)....................................
16. They would be glad if the rain (stop)………………………soon.
17. If she (not get)................. married young, she wouldn’t have had many children.
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18. If Jack (come) ……………………….to my party, I would have danced with him.
19. It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be) ……..here, she (know) …….. what to do.
II/ Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses.
1. If she (read) __________________in bad light, she’ll ruin her eyes.
2. He’ll be late for the bus if he (not start)________________________ at once.
3. If you have enough time, please (paint) _______________________the chair before you leave.
4. I (accept)___________________ if they invite me to the party.
5. If you come here in Spring, you (have) a chance to go to the village fair.
6. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) _____________________more slowly.
7. We could go for drive if today (be)_____________________ Sunday.
8. If your mother (buy) _________________that motorcycle for you, will you be happy?
9. We’re going to play tennis this afternoon if it (stop) __________________raining.
10. If he (come)________________, please (tell)_________________ me.
11. If you (go) _____________to Paris, where (you/ stay)___________________?
12. She won’t open the door unless she (know) _________________who it is.
13. If you (must)______________ go abroad now, what (you/ do)___________________?
14. If I ( speak ) two languages last year, I (get)__________________________ a good job.
15. If there (be)_________________ no sunshine, we all (die)_____________________ soon.
16. You shouldn’t believe it if you (not see)______________-__________ it with your own eyes.
17. I (not do)___________________ that if I (be)__________________________ you.
18. What (you/ do)__________________ if you (be)___________________ in my situation?
19. If I finish my research before Friday, I (send) ______________________it to my teacher.
20. I don’t have money now. If I (have) money, I (lend) you some.
III/ Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses.
1. If I made a promise, I (keep)_______________________ it.
2. If I spoke English, my job (be )_____________ a lot easier.
3. If I (have) ___________ enough money, I would buy a house.
4. If I (be)____________ in your place, I would accept Mr. Anderson’s invitation.
5. If I (be)____________ you, I ( tell)__________ the truth.
6. If I had enough time now, I (write) ___________ to my parents.
7. If we (live)____________ in a town, life would be better.
8. If I won the lottery, I ( give)___________ you half the money.
9. It (be )__________a pity if she married Fred.
10. If I were you, I (help ) __________ him.
11. If I knew his address, I (go)________________ round and see him.
12. If she (study)_______________ harder, she (not fail)________________ her exam like that.
13. If I (can) _________________speak Japanese, I (go)_______________ to Japan next year.
14. If you (continue) ____________to interrupt me, I (not say)___________________ anymore.
15. If you have lost your key, you (have)_________________________ to buy another one.
16. If the medicine (be)________________ good, she (be)____________________ well soon.
17. Jim isn’t at hone right now. If he (be)_________ at home, I (visit)__________________ him.
18. If I (know) _____________that there was a test yesterday, I (study)_______________.
19. If I (see) __________-the movie last night, I (tell) ___________you about it..
20. If I (understand)_____________________ my problem, I would have asked for your help.
EXERCISE : Rewrite the following sentences using If clauses.
Model :
a/ My brother will have enough money. He will buy a bicycle.
® If my brother has enough money, he will buy a bicycle.
b/ She can’t speak English. She won’t apply for the job.
® If she could speak English she would apply for the job.
c/ He wasn’t here. He didn’t have a lot of fun.
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® If he had been here, he would have had a lot of fun.
1/ She can’t be employed because she doesn’t have a college degree.
® ______________________________________________
2/ I don’t have enough money. I can’t go on a long holiday this year.
® ______________________________________________
3/ He is very slow, so we won’t give his such an important task.
® ______________________________________________
4/ I’ll have to work this Sunday, so I shan’t join your picnic.
® ______________________________________________
5/ He works overtime to get more money because he has to pay father’s debt.
® ______________________________________________
6/ City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive.
® ______________________________________________
7/ Everything on the earth grows well because the sun always shines.
® ______________________________________________
8/ I don’t have a typewriter. I can’t type it myself.
® ______________________________________________
9/ I’ll buy a new hat. I’ll give it to you.
® ______________________________________________
10/ You’ll ask the teacher. He’ll explain the lesson to you.
® ______________________________________________
11/ Mary doesn’t see the sight. She can’t tell you about that.
® ______________________________________________
12/ I don’t know his address. I can’t give it to you.
® ______________________________________________
13/ He didn’t look a lot better because he didn’t shave more often.
® ______________________________________________
14/ She was ill. She didn’t go to work.
® ______________________________________________
15/ It was raining all morning. We didn’t go out.
® ______________________________________________
16/ He was tired. He made a mistake.
® ______________________________________________
17/ Peter didn’t write to me. I didn’t write to him.
® ______________________________________________
18/ You didn’t ask Alice. She didn’t tell you the truth.
® ______________________________________________
EXERCISE : Rewrite the following sentences using If clauses.
1. She is shy, that’s why she doesn’t enjoy party.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. He doesn’t work overtime, so he doesn’t earn as much as I do.
-> ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. My number isn’t in the directory, so people don’t ring me up.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. I live near my office, so I don’t spend much time travelling to work.

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-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. I don’t know his address, so I can’t write to him.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. You work too fast; that’s why you make so many mistakes.
-> ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Please do take a seat and I’ll bring you some coffee.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. Unless you start at once, you’ll be late.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. I don’t have enough money. I don’t buy that dictionary.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
11. I will have a lot of money. I will buy that radio.
-> ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. I’ll get up early. I’ll phone you.
->………………………………………………………………………………………………….
13. Today isn’t Sunday, so the pupils can’t go swimming.
-> ………………………………………………………………………………………
Complete the following sentences so that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution
@ ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Because you speak English unnaturally, they do not understand you.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. We didn’t know your phone number, so we could not contact you.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. John is fat because he eats so many chips.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Bill never does anything if you don’t tell him what to do.
@ Unless………………………………………………………………………………………
9. They don’t have enough time so they cannot do me a favour.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. I must leave now, or I’ll miss the flight.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam.
@ ……………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. He doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have enough qualifications.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. We can’t buy this car because it is very expensive.
@ ……………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Unless he phones her immediately, he won’t get any information
@ If ……………………………………………………………………………………………
16. They don’t find out the remedy. The patient will die.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
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17. Susan felt sick because she ate 4 cream cakes.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.
@ ………………………………………………………………………………………………

CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được giới thiệu bằng:
Although / Though / Even though / Even
Although

Though + Clause (S + V …)
Ex1: He Even
was lazy. He passed the test.
though
-> Although he was lazy, he passed the test.
Ex2: We had a picnic. The weather was bad.
-> We had a picnic though the weather was bad.
2. Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể được rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ bởi các giới
từ : despite , in spite of
+ noun phrase
Despite / In spite of + V.ing
+ the fact that + S + V
Inspite of her sadness, she managed to smiled.
In spite of being sad, she managed to smile.
* Khi cả hai mệnh đề cùng một chủ ngữ ta có thể chuyển mệnh chính về dạng V.ing.
Although there were many people there, they couldn’t rescue him.
Despite many people there, they couldn’t rescue him.
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.
1. _______ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it.
A. As B .Though C. Since D. Despite
2. He is a very intelligent boy, _______he is very lazy
A. but B. and C. or D. so
3. _______I moved house, I haven’t had much contact with those friends
A. though B. since C. because of D. so that
4. Last night we came to the show late _______the traffic was terrible.
A. although B. despite C. and D. because
5. Lan couldn’t pass the exam_______she was too lazy.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
6. _______ his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A. because B. because of C. despite D. so
7. _______there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there.
A. despite B. in spite of C. becacuse of D. though
8. _______ the weather, we went sailing.
A. despite B. in spite of C. although D. A and B
9. _______Hudson led early, he lost the race.
A. though B. although C. Even though D. all are correct
10. _____it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. However D. Although
11. _____he wasn’t feeling very well; Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual.
A. Although B. However C. Therefore D. Still
12. He was offered the job______his qualifications were poor.
A. despite B. in spite of C. even though D. Whereas

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13. ______ we were in town, we often met him.
A. For B. Although C. So D. When
14. She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications.
A. because B. although C. so D. but
15. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry.
A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. in spite the fact that
16. In pite _____, the baseball game was not cancelled.
A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain
17. ______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although
18. ______, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired
C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired
19. The children slept well, despite _____.
A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy
20. She left him __________ she still loved him.
A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite
21. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. In spite B. Even though C. in spite of D. despite of
22. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like.
A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of
Exercise1 : Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses
1. She has plenty of money, but she is very mean. (although)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. They have a car, but they rarely use it. (though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3. He was innocent, but he was sent to prison. (although)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them (even though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy. (even though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6.The keyboard wasn’t working well. She tried to finish the letter (although)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7.The forecast said it would rain. It turned out to be a beautiful day. (although)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8.I’m no better. I’ve taken the bill. (even though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
9. The traffic was bad. I arrived at the airport on time. (though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
10. I didn’t get the job. I had all necessary qualifications. (though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
11. We enjoyed the vacation. It rained a lot. (although)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
12. She felt sick. She went to work. (though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
13. I was really tired. I couldn’t sleep. (even though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
14. He is very rich. He isn’t happy. (although)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
15. She couldn’t answer the question. She is very intelligent. (though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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16. He tried. He was not successful. (though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
17. His life is hard. He tried to study well. (although)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
18. He was wise and experienced. He was not taken in. (though)
=> ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences with the word given.
1. Although he has a very important job, he isn’t particularly well-paid.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3. She wasn’t wearing the coat although it was quite cold.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. We thought we’d better invite them to the party although we don’t like them very much.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6. Although the heat was on, the room wasn’t warm.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7. I didn’t recognize her although I’d met her twice before.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8. We’re not very good friends although we’ve known each other a long time.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
9. Although Minh was ill, he still came to the meeting.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
10. Although he promised that he wouldn’t be late, he didn’t arrive until 9 o’clock.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
11. Although the salary was low, he accepted the job.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
12. In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.
=> Though .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
13. In spite of the bad weather, they went out for dinner.
=> Although .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
14. In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.
=> Even though ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
15. In spite of his hard work, Ba he failed his exam.
=> Though .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
16. In spite of the heavy rain, we decided to go to see the match.
=> Although .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
17. Although they lost, the home team played very well.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
18. Even though it was raining, I still went to school on time.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
19. Although she isn’t brilliant, she studies quite well.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
20. She isn’t brilliant but she studies quite well.
=> Although .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences with the word given.
1. The house isn’t nice, but I like the garden.
=> Even though ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. It was raining, but we went out.
=> Though .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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3. Everyone likes Bob even though he talkative.
=> Even though ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. Though I had an umbrella, I got very wet in the rain.
=> Though .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. We enjoyed the vacation although it rained a lot.
=> In spite of ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
6. I didn’t get the job even though I was extremely qualified.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7. Although she doesn’t earn much money, she spends like a millionaire.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8. Tom will not pass the examination although he studies well.
=> In spite of ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
9. He is still fat though he has been on a diet for 2 years.
=> In spite of ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
10. Although Judy was severely disabled, she participated in many sports.
=> Despite............................................................................................................................
11. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
12. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
13. We did the test well though it was difficult.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
14. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
15. The plane took off though the weather was bad.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
16. Though his English was good, he wasn’t chosen.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
17. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive in this city.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
18. Mr Pike doesn’t wear glasses though he is over sixty.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
19. He ate the chocolate cake even though he was on diet.
=>In spite of .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
20. He studies very well though his life was hard at that time.
=> Despite ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................

TO-INFINITIVES - GERUNDS - OR BARE-INFINITIVES?

VERBS + GERUND VERBS + GERUNDS
enjoy(thích) risk(lieàu)
admit(nhaän, nhìn nhaän) appreciate(ñaùnh giaù cao)
avoid(traùnh) consider(xem xeùt)
deny(choái, phuû nhaän) practise(thöïc haønh)
finish(hoaøn thaønh) regret(tieác, laáy laøm tieác)
quit(boû, töø boû) stop(döøng)
mind(quan taâm, phieàn) suggest(ñeà nghò)
imagine(töôûng töôïng) in volve(goàm)
miss(boû lôõ) postpone(trì hoaõn)
fancy(cho raèng/töôûng mention(ñeà caäp ñeán)
töôïng) escape(troán thoaùt, thoaùt)
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 continue(tieáp tuïc)
BE LIKELY + TO-INF. Ex: It isn’t likely to rain.
(Khoâng chaéc gì trôøi möa)
WORDS + GERUND
worth(ñaùng, ñaùng ñöôïc) – busy (baän roän) – near (gaàn)
- to have difficulty= to have a hard time (gaëp khoù khaên)
Ex: He is busy writing / She was near dying.
IDIOMS + GERUND
cannot bear/stand(khoâng chòu ñöôïc) – cannot help(khoâng traùnh/nhòn ñöôïc)there
is(coù) – there is no– there is much– there is little – it is no use(khoâng coù ích lôïi gì)
– it is no good(Chaúng toát, chaúng ích gì)..
Ex: I cannot help laughing at him.
There is talking in the next room / It is no use saying that.
VERBS + GERUND ( passive meaning )
need(caàn) – want(caàn) require(caàn)
Ex: My shoes want repairing. / The house needs painting.
BARE - INFINITIVES
WOULD RATHER / HAD BETTER + BARE-INF
Ex: You had better not go swimming today.
S + V + O + BARE-INF.
Verbs: make(laøm cho) – let(ñeå) h ave(nhôø)...
Ex: We let him go. / She had a boy repair her bike.
VERBS + GERUND OR TO-INF.(without much difference of meaning
HELP + TO-INF./ BARE-INF.( without difference of meaning)
Ex: I’ll help you carry / to carry your bag.
* Stop + gerund - I stopped smoking. ( Toâi döøng vieäc huùt thu
* Stop + to-inf. - I stopped to smoke. ( Toâi döøng vieäc gì ñeå huùt thuoác.)
* Try + gerund : thöû... Try phoning his home number. * Try + to-inf. : coá gaéng I
try not to laugh..

TO – INFINITIVES, BARE – INFINITIVES, OR GERUNDS?

1. I hate (work) …………………………… at weekends.
2. Would you like (come) …………………………… to a disco this evening?
3. Can I help you (move) …………………………… your things?
4. I had hoped (see) ……………… the musical Rainbow, but I couldn’t (get) ……………
any tickets.
5. Stop (make) …………………………… so much noise. People are trying (sleep)
……………………
6. Would you like something (drink) ……………………………?
7. You should (try) ……………… to avoid (drive) ……………through the citycenter at
the rush hour.
8. I want a few days (think) ………………about their offer before ( make) ………………
a decision.
9. What time do you need (leave) ……………………(catch) …………………………
your bus?
10. It’s unusal for him(be) …………………………… ill.
11. My family expected me (work) ……………seven days a week.
12. Do you prefer (ski) …………………………to (ice-skate) ……………………………?

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13. I’m very fond of (walk) …………………………… by the sea.
14. I rang the door bell, but no one seemed (be) …………………………… at home.
15. It was good of you (explain) …………………………… everything to me.
B. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form (gerund or to-infinitive).
1. Don't forget …………. your mother, (phone)
2. I love …… on my own and …………,, to music, (be/listen)
3. Do you want …………. tonight? (go out)
4. Would you like………….. to the beach this afternoon? (go)
5. I remembered…………………. all the doors but I forgot. ….. the lights, (lock/turn
off)
6. Are you planning ………….. on holiday this year? (go)
7. He agreed ………….. me after I wrote him a letter, (see)
8. I enjoy………….. your letters very much, (read)
9. We like………….. here but we miss ………….. to our old friends, (live/talk)
10. I'd like………….. a job with a foreign company, (get)
11. I'm going to learn …………..Spanish before we go to Spain for our holidays next
year, (speak)
12. Matthew suggested………….. for a meal but I wanted………….. at home, (go
out/stay)
13. I don't like …………..violent films, (watch)
14. When I was a child, I hated………….. in the dark, (sleep)
15. She finished………….. the book but then she decided………….. another one.
(write/start)
16. We're hoping…………..………….. the house next week, (finish/paint)
17. Do you miss………….. in the evenings now that you have children? (go/out)
18. I am hoping ………….. at the factory soon.(stop/work)
19. He's very mean - he never offers …………..for anything, (pay)
20. I tried ……………………..sugar in my tea but I didn't like it. (give up/take)
RELATIVES ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ )
Lesson 1: Introduction
Introduction ( giới thiệu).
Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ trong câu (không thể đứng riêng một mình). Nó bắt
đầu bằng:
a. relative pronouns (đại từ quan hệ) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT.
b relative adverbs (trạng từ liên hệ) : WHERE, WHEN, WHY.
Ex1: A man who dares to do it dares to do anything.
Ex2: We talked to the man who was from Beijing.
II.Use
WHO * Thay cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một chủ từ.
* Lưu ý  “Who” trong cấu trúc:
.... Noun/ pronoun (person) + who + verb .....
Ex1: The man has met your boss.He come from Italy.
                                     S 
→ The man  who comes from Italy has met your boss
                  relative clause

15
Ex2: We have met the girl. She studies in the shool.
→  We have met the girl who studies in the school.    
                                     relative clause
WHOM * Thay cho danh từ/ đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một đối từ.
* Lưu ý: “Whom” trong cấu trúc.
.... Noun / pronoun + whom + subject + verb......
Ex1: We like the man. You talked to him yesterday.
                                            O
We like the man whom you talked to yesterday
                          relative clause
Ex2: Is that the man ?. You have been waiting for him.
                                                             O
Is that the man whom you have been waiting for ?
                            relative clause
WHOSE * Thay thế cho sở hữu cách (possessive cases)
     * Xuất hiện trong hai cấu trúc.
- .... noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + verb
- ..... noun/ pronoun whose + noun + subject + verb
Ex1: The girl looks disappoited. Her examination result its so bad.
The girl whose examination result is so bad looks disappointed.
Ex2: That is the girl. I took her hat by mistake yesterday.
That is the girl whose hat I took by mistake yesterday.
WHICH
* Thay thể cho danh từ, địa từ chỉ vật
* Có thể làm chủ từ hoặc đối từ
*  Lưu ý các cấu trúc.
- ...... noun / pronoun + which + verb ........
- ......noun/ pronoun + which + subject + verb .....
Ex1: She show me the table. It was made by her father.
She shows me the table which was made by her father.
Ex2: Do you like this car ? Mr. Tan bought it last month.
Do you like this car, which Mr.Tan bought last month ?
Note: “Which” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế cho một mệnh đề đứng trước nó (= and this/ and that)
Ex: Tom is so lazy, and this makes Mrs. Green worried.
Tom is so lazy, which makes Mrs. Green worried.
WHERE
* Thay cho trạng từ, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (place) (eg.here, there, in that place.... )
* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc:
...... noun/ pronoun ( = a place) + where + subject + verb ......
Ex:  We visit  the hospital. We were born there/in that hospital
       We visit the hospital where we were born.
WHEN
* Thay cho trạng từ, cum từ chỉ thời gian (time) (on that day, in the year...)
* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc :
16
...... noun / pronoun (= time ) + when + subject + verb ......
   Ex:    She will never forget the day. She first met him on that day
She will never forget the day when she first met him
WHY
* Thay cho cụm từ chỉ lý do ( reason) (for this/ that reason)
* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc.
....... noun/ pronoun ( reason) + why + subject + verb ........
   Ex:    She has just told me the reason. She left the company for that reason.
She has just told me the reason why she left the company.
Notes:
Chúng ta có thể sử dụng: “ Preposition (in/ at / on / from .... ) + “which” để thay cho “where, when hay
why”
Ex1: She has just told me the reason why/ for / which she left the company.
Ex2: We visit the hopital where/ in which we were born.
THAT
- "That" có thể được sử dụng để thay thế cho “who, whom, which, where, when, why” trong mệnh
đề để xác định
Ex: Here is the man whom/that you want to meet.
-That “ thường được sử dụng sau THE FIRST , THE LAST, THE ONLY, THE VERY, TẬP HỢP
GỒM NGƯỜI VÀ VẬT....
Ex1: Tom is the only student that didn’t pass the examination
Ex2: We saw the people and the vehicles that were moving to the market.
B. PRACTICE
Excercise 1: Fill in each space with Who. Which, where, when or whose.
1. What is the name of the girl ............................ ís wearing a white blouse ?
2. I don’t like the food ............................ is very spicy.
3. Last week, my father returned to his home village, .............. he was born.
4. I’ll never forget the day ....................... you gave me a surprise birthday party.
5. He is the man .............................. friends always trust him.
6. My friend Tom.............. sings Western folk songs very well can compose songs.
7. I like reading books ...................... tell about different people and their culture.
8. On my Mom’s birthday my father gave her roses ..................... were very sweet and beautiful.
9. He is the man ................... is wearing a blue shirt.
10. She is the woman ..................... son is a famous singer.
II. Chose one correct answer to complete the following sentences
1. This is the man ______ has asked me to marry him. (who / which / whose / whom)
2. Daisy ______ always well dressed, has won the beauty contest. (that is / who is /
that / who are)
3. He came in and didn’t say anything, _____ worried all of us. (that / whom / whose /
which)
4. Gloves are things ______ you wear on your hands. (whose / who / which / whom)
5. A butcher is someone ______ sells meat. (who / whom / which / whose)
6. I’m in love with Chris, ______ is a wonderful person. (who / that / whom / which)
7. The bus ______ we got are very old. (on that / on which / which on / whose on)
8. I like cars ______ dependable in the winter. (that are / which is / who are / whose
are)
9. I know a man ______ three horses. (who owns / which owns / he owns / that
owning)
10. Documentary films are the films ______ I find most interesting. (who / that /
whose / what)
11. It’s this computer program ______ my father created.(that / whom / who / what)
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 12. Mine is the one ______ has a green luggage bag.(what / whom / who / that)
13. The CD ______ Victor bought is on the table.(whose / that / who / whom)
14. “______ films are you talking about?” “Gone with the wind.”(That / Which / Who /
Whose)
15. The book ______ we discussed was a best-seller. (which / who / whom / whose)
16. How about the shirt ______ you wore Saturday night? (which / whom / who / whose)
17. The person ______ wallet is missing should report to the office. (which / whose /
who / that)
III. Combine these sentences using the words given in brackets.
1) There are some words. They are very difficult to translate. (Using: which)
2) The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night. (Using: whom)
3) His house is big. It is not very far from here.(Which)
4) That is the boy. We took him to the theater last night ( Whom )
5) The student writes well. I’ve read her composition. (nối câu dùng “whose” )
6) We lived in grandfather’s old house . I told you about it . (which )
7) Ba lives on Trang Tien Street . He likes playing the guitar .(who)
8) Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991.It is a volcano in the Philippines. (which)
9) It snows in Lang Son in the winter of 2002.Lang Son is on the Ky Cung River.
10) Venus is a planet.It is closest to the Earth.

RELATIVES ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ )

Lesson 2: Restrictive and non- restrictive.
* Restrictive and non-restrictive clause(Mệnh đề xác định)
1.Định nghĩa chung.Phân loại.
a. Định nghĩa Mệnh đề liên hệ ( Relative clauses) là mệnh đề:
        bắt đầu bằng đại từ liên hệ ( Relative pronouns): who, whom, which, that,
where, when, whose.
        bổ nghĩa cho danh từ trong câu và đi sau ngay danh từ đó.
Ví dụ: - The man who works for my father is my friend’s brother.
                             RELATIVE CLAUSE
             Người đàn ông làm việc cho cha tôi là anh trai của bạn tôi.
  Mệnh đề liên hệ trên bắt đầu bằng “who” bổ nghĩa cho “the man” và đi sau “the man”
 b.Phân loại Mệnh đề liên hệ có hai loại sau:
        Restrictive clause: Mệnh đề giới hạn là mệnh đề cần thiết cho nghĩa của
câu.
Ví dụ: - Women who go out to work have to do both housework and social work.
                          RELATIVE CLAUSE.
          Mệnh đề “who go out to work” bổ nghĩa cho “women”. Câu này có nghĩa là chỉ có
những phụ nữ đi làm mới phải làm công việc nhà và công việc xã hội.
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         Non-restrictive clause: là mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho một danh từ riêng hoặc
danh từ xác định. Nó chỉ thêm nghĩa cho danh từ và có thể bỏ đi mà câu vẫn
đủ nghĩa. Mệnh đề này được tách khỏi mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phảy. (.)
Ví dụ: - Mr. Jones, who is a famous scientist has made a new discovery.
                                         RELATIVE CLAUSE
             Ông Jones, một nhà khoa học lớn, vừa làm một khám phá mới.
          Trong câu này , nếu ta bỏ ” who is a famous scientist” thì câu vẫn đủ nghĩa.
II. Non-restrictive relative clause(Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn)
2. Mệnh đề không giới hạn Có thể  bắt đầu bằng: who, whom,, which, whose,
where...
Ví dụ: - Mr.Cox, who is the manager of the bank, saw the robber.
            Ông Cox, người là giám đốc của nhà băng, đã nhìn thấy tên cướp.
  - Ann, whom I know very well, has just talked to you.
            Ann, người mà tôi biết rất rõ, vừa nói chuyện với bạn
  - The car, which he bought yesterday, crashed this morning.
             Chiếc xe mà anh ta mới mua hôm qua bị tai nạn sáng nay.
- The book is about Dennis Thatcher whose wife became Prime Minister.
            Quyển sách nói về Dennis Thatcher mà vợ ông ấy trở thành thủ tướng.
- They worked in Sydney, where they were born.
             Họ làm việc ở Sydney, nơi họ được sinh ra.
 Lưu ý Đại từ liên hệ THAT có thể thay thế cho các đại từ WHO, WHOM, WHICH...
trong mệnh đề giới hạn nhưng không được dùng trong mệnh đề không giới hạn.
Ví dụ: - The boy who / that plays football very well is my best friend.
            Cậu bé người chơi bóng rất giỏi là bạn thân nhất của tôi.
          - Tom, who plays football very well, is my best friend.
            Tom, người chơi bóng rất giỏi, là bạn thân nhất của tôi.
  - The city which/ that is well-know for its beaches attracts a lot of  tourists.
            Thành phố nổi tiếng nhờ những bãi biển thu hút rất nhiều khách.
         - Vung Tau, which is well-known for its beaches, attracts a lot of tourists.
  Vũng Tàu nổi tiếng nhờ những bãi biển thu hút rất nhiều
II.RELATIVE PRONOUNS & NON-RESTRICTIVE ADJECTIVES

19
         Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-restrictive clause) khi nó mang 
thông tin rất phụ, không ảnh hưởng lớn đến danh từ, hoặc đại từ mà nó bổ nghĩa.
Mệnh đề không xác định được tách ra khỏi mệnh đề chính bởi một hay hai dấu phảy.
        Thông thường một mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định khi:
a. Tiền vị tự ( preceding/antecedent) là một danh từ riêng ( a proper noun)
Ex: Tom, who has just left school, is looking for a job.
b. Tiền vị tự có các từ xác định: THIS,THAT, THESE, THOSE đi phía trước.
Ex: We admire those people, who  are from China.
c. Tiền vị tự là một trường hợp sở hữu cách ( a possessive case)
Ex: My car, which I bought last year, is still in good condition.
d. Tiền vị tự  là cụm danh từ gồm: noun +preposition phrase( eg. The man from Hanoi, the book on the
table...)
Ex: The man form Ha noi, who is very friendly, has told me about the story.
e. Tiền vị tự là một gerund/gerund phrase
Ex: Jogging, which thousands of people practise everyday, is very good exercise.
Có lẽ bạn không ngạc nhiên khi biết mệnh đề liên hệ (Relative Clauses) còn được gọi là
mệnh đề tính từ (Adjective Clauses) vì nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ trong câu. Suy ra, Non-
Restrictive Adjectives chính là Non-Restrictive Relative Clause (Mệnh đề liên hệ không
giới hạn).
Ví dụ:  Paul O’Gray, who died two years ago , was a kind and loving man.
Mệnh đề không giới hạn (Non-Restrictive Clause) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ xác định. Những
mệnh đề loại này chỉ
thêm thông tin cho câu và có thể  bỏ đi mà câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Chúng được tách ra khỏi
mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phảy (,) và phổ biến trong văn viết hơn là văn nói.
          Thế nào là danh từ xác định ? Danh từ xác định có thể là:
- danh từ riêng: tên người, tên thành phố, quốc gia...
- đi sau các tính từ chỉ định (Demonstives): this, that, these, those...
- đi sau các tính từ sở hữu (Possessives): my, your, his, her, their...
- đi sau các  thuộc từ (Attributes) thường là cụm từ bắt đầu bằng một giới từ, (in this class,
of the school ... )
 Ví dụ: - Bogota, which is the capital of Colombia, is a big city.
  Bogota, thủ đô của Colombia, là một thành phố lớn.
-This village, where we spent our childhood, has changed a lot.
- My friend, who understands all difficult lesson, is always ready to help us.
- The flood in the Sound of VietNam, which caused a lot of damage, is now over.
PAPER 1 READING AND WRITING (approximately 35 minutes)
I. Choose the correct option A, B, C, or D for each gap in the passage. (1.5 points)
Well, I think (1)______ some ways to keep fit. Firstly, we should eat (2)______. Don’t eat too
much fast food. Some people have a big hamburger and a soft drink (3)______ lunch. It isn’t a
good idea (4)______ that meal doesn’t include any vegetables. Instead, if they want to have a
quick healthy lunch, they (5)______ buy some avocado sushi. Secondly, we shouldn’t deep-fry

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food. We should steam it. (6)______ dishes don’t use any fat. If you like, you can also stew lean
meat with vegetables. It’s healthy and nutritious.
1. A. there is              B. there are                  C. it is                           D. they are
2. A. healthy              B. healthily                   C. unhealthy                 D. unhealthily
3. A. at                      B. with                          C. for                             D. on
4. A. as                     B. because                   C. since                         D. All of them
5. A. should              B. ought                        C. has to                       D. had to
6. A. steam              B. steaming                   C. steamed                    D. steams
II. Fill each blank with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (0.75 point)
1. I (not/ practice) _______________ my Russian for a long time.
2. She (make) _______________ some pancakes at the moment.
3. I (go) _______________to Paris last summer and I picked up the basics.
III. Fill each blank with the correct form of the words in brackets. (0.75 point)
1. My English is a bit ____________. I haven’t used it for years. (RUST)
2. My brother trained to be a teacher, but then he decided to become a tour ____________.
(GUIDANCE)
3. Due to the____________, an English word can operate as a noun, a verb and an adjective.
(FLEXIBLE)
III. Complete the passage below. Fill in each gap with ONE word. (1.5 points)
If you don’t know __________ a word means, try to guess the meaning, or look __________ the
word in your dictionary. All foreign speakers have an __________, but that doesn’t matter. To
make your pronunciation __________, listen to English speakers and try to imitate them. Don’t
worry if you __________ mistakes or don’t try to correct a mistake – that’s normal! It’s often
useful to translate words __________ one language to the other, but it’s best when you can
start to think in the new language.
IV. Read the following text and choose the best answer. (1.5 points)
Son Doong Cave has become more famous after the American Broadcasting Company (ABC)
aired a live programme featuring its magnificence on ‘Good Morning America’ in May 2015.
Located in Quang Binh Province, Son Doong Cave was discovered by a local man named Ho
Khanh in 1991, and became known internationally in 2009 thanks to British cavers, led by
Howard Limbert. The cave was formed about 2 to 5 million years ago by river water eroding
away the limestone underneath the mountain. It contains some of the tallest known stalagmites
in the world - up to 70 metres tall. The cave is more than 200 metres wide, 150 metres high,
and nearly 9 kilometres long, with caverns big enough to fit an entire street inside  them. Son
Doong Cave is recognised as the largest cave in the world by BCRA (British Cave Research
Association) and selected as one of the most beautiful on earth by the BBC (British
Broadcasting Corporation).
In August 2013, the first tourist group explored the cave on a guided tour. Permits are now
required to access the cave and are made available on a limited basis. Only 500 permits were
issued for the 2015 season, which runs from February to August. After August, heavy rains
cause river levels to rise and make the cave largely inaccessible.
1. Son Doong Cave was discovered in ______.
A. 2015                               B. 2013 C. 2009                               D. 1991
2. What happened to Son Doong Cave in May 2015?
A. It was discovered by a local man named Ho Khanh.
B. A live programme featuring its magnificence was broadcast on ‘Good Morning America’ by
the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).
C. It became known internationally thanks to British cavers, led by Howard Limbert.
D. It was explored by the first tourist group.
3. Which statement is NOT true about Son Doong Cave?
A. Tourists can explore Son Doong Cave daily throughout the year.
B. The cave was formed about 2 to 5 million years ago.
C. It was formed by river water eroding away the limestone underneath the mountain.
D. Some of the stalagmites in Son Doong Cave are about 70 metres tall.
4. The word “them” refers to ______.
A. British cavers                              B. stalagmites

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C. kilometers                                    D. caverns
5. The word “inaccessible” in the passage probably means ______.
A. should not be accessed                B. need to be careful
C. cannot be reached                        D. may be flooded
6. From the passage, we know that ______.
A. there is a street inside Son Doong Cave
B. the cave is always covered with rain water
C. few tourists want to come to the cave
D. tourists need permission to explore the cave
V. Finish the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the words in capitals. Do not
use more than five words. (0.75 point)
1. Minh can’t go to the party because he has a lot of English homework. (COULD)
- If Minh didn’t have a lot of English homework, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the party.
2. The dishes are so hot. My mother has cooked them. (WHICH)
- The dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . are so hot.
3. I can speak enough German for holidays. (GET)
- I can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . on holiday.
VII. Make meaningful sentences using the words or phrases given. (0.75 point)
1. He/ be/ English teacher/ at our school.
- He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. If/ he/ like/ spicy food/ might/ add more pepper.
- If he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. What/ beautiful/ day!
- What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART 2: LISTENING. (2.5 points)
I. Listen to four different people talking about speaking and learning languages. Match the summaries (A-
E) to each speaker. There is one extra summary. (1 point)
1. She had to learn English because she works for a multinational company.
2. He decided to learn English properly after a holiday in England.
3. A friend advised her to come to England to learn English.
4. She can speak Spanish, French, and English fluently.
5. The reason why he is good at German is that he lives near the border.
Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3
       
II. You will hear a woman asking about a tour of a castle. Listen and complete questions from 1 – 6. (1,5
points)
Castle Tours
Time of first tour: (1) ………………………………………………..
Tour takes: (2) ……………………….………………minutes
Price of a family ticket: (3) £ ……………………………………..………
Ticket includes: (4) soft drink or ……………..…………………..
Name of gardens: (5) ……………………………………..………..
What to see in gardens: (6) 800-year-old ……………………...…………

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