Chapter 2

1.

Mobile Human Airbag System for Fall Protection Using MEMS Sensors and
Embedded SVM Classifier

2.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4806274/
https://www.ieee-nems.org/ftp/papers/ieee-sensors-2009-lhchau.pdf

A project designed by Shi, et al. (2009) was a mobile human airbag system for
fall protection for the elderly. The design is built with a Micro Inertial
Measurement Unit (IMU) of 56mm 23mm 15mm in size. It is consist of three
dimensional Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers,
gyroscopes, a Bluetooth module and a MicroController Unit(MCU). The unit
records human motion information and analysis of falls with the use of a high
speed cameras, with the aid of gyro threshold lateral fall can be determined.
The unit includes a human motion database that contains falls and other
normal motions (walking, running, etc.) is set up. The design has a support
vector machine (SVM) filter and use a SVM training process that classify falls
and other normal motions successfully. An embedded digital signal processing
(DSP) system is developed for real-time fall detection based on the SVM filter.
The unit has a finalized smart mechanical airbag deployment system. . The
response time for the mechanical trigger is 0.133 s, which is an enough time
for compressed air to be released before a person falls to the ground.

1.

Automatic waist airbag drowning prevention system based on

underwater time-lapse and motion information measured by
smartphone's pressure sensor and accelerometer

2.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6486891/

A project proposed by Kharrat, Wakuda, Koshizuka, and

Zakamura (2013) was an automatic airbag system that helps an evacuating
swimmer who is motionless or has already spent long time underwater. The
automatic airbag system is composed of a customized waist airbag and
Smartphone equipped with pressure sensor and accelerometer. The
smartphone application defines the accurate position of the swimmer’s head
whether it is underwater or not by comparing the real-time measured pressure
to an estimated value of the water surface pressure. A device alarm will be
triggered and a signal is sent to the servo motor that is connected to the
deflation system of the airbag to trigger it when the time-lapse spent by the
swimmer exceeds the predefined maximum threshold or the accelerometer
information shows that there is no motion for a long period of time underwater.

1.

A Wearable Airbag to Prevent Fall Injuries

2.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5290145/

A project developed by Tamura, Yoshimura, Sekine, Uchida, and

Tanaka (2009) was a wearable airbag that incorporates a fall-detection system
that uses both acceleration and angular velocity signals to trigger inflation of
the airbag. The accelerometer and gyro sensor provide a fall detection
algorithm using a threshold technique. There were sixteen subjects in which
mimicked falls and their acceleration waveforms were monitored. The
researchers developed a fall-detection algorithm that can detect signals 300
ms. before the fall. The signal was used as a trigger to inflate the airbag to a
capacity of 2.4L.

1.

Fall detection sensor for fall protection airbag

2.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1195434/

According to Fukaya (2002), a fall detection sensor for fall protection

airbag was investigated to evaluate the airbag system. There were several
methods to determine the fall: contact to the ground and the detection of free
fall. The airbag system was consist of a jacket, a fall detection sensor, an
inflator and an airbag. The inflator extends the airbag by compressed gas in
case of fall. There was a tape type compression switch that was installed in
the shoes and a fall detection test can be carried out.
 1.

Wireless Black Box for Using MEMS Accelerometer and GPS Tracking for
Accidental Monitoring of Vehicles

2.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6211718/

Another work related to this project, is a study made by N.

Watthanawisuth, T. Lomas and A.Tuantranont, of the National Electronics and
Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) – a Wireless Black Box for
accidental monitoring of vehicles. Their system consist of an accelerometer for
detecting and determining the instance of a vehicular accident, a
microcontroller unit that analyzes and process the input signals from the
accelerometer, a GPS device that indicates the location of the vehicle, and a
GSM module that sends mobile short messages to emergency medical
service (EMS) indicating the position of the vehicle that took an accident.

1.

The Powered Two Wheelers fall detection using Multivariate CUmulative SUM
(MCUSUM) control charts*

2.