CAD of Geneva Mechanism

Abstract:
In this assignment we design CAD of Geneva mechanism in solid works.There are
three main parts in a Geneva Mechanism,the base,wheel and the mover.Using Geneva
mechanisms, a continuous circular motion was employed to produce an output
intermittent circular motion. It has the option of having a rest period in the output link
between movement. This work aims to offer the geometric resolution of these
methods based on the number of steps and output link diameter. The method is
theoretical and does not account for tolerances.Using Geneva mechanisms, a
continuous circular motion was employed to produce an output intermittent circular
motion. It has the option of having a rest period in the output link between movement.
This work aims to offer the geometric resolution of these methods based on the
number of steps and output link diameter. The method is theoretical and does not
account for tolerances.

Objective:
The main objective of this assignment is as fallows
1. To design the Geneva Mechanism in solid works.
2. To generate the 2d drawing of different views of model.
3. To get understanding of different tools paths for designing our model.

Introduction:

When an intermittent motion is required, the Geneva mechanism is frequently used.

When the wheel must rotate in the same direction as the crank, the Inverse Geneva
mechanism, a modification of the Geneva mechanism, is utilized. It takes up less
radial area, and the locking mechanism can be a circular section attached to the crank
that locks by wiping against a built-up resistance on the periphery of the wheel.
Because there are no unusually curved profiles on any of the components other than
straight lines and circular arcs, the design and fabrication of a traditional Geneva
mechanism is often straightforward and affordable. The disadvantage of utilizing a
standard Geneva mechanism is the large effect when driving because of the
discontinuity of acceleration at the beginning and finish positions.

Figure No:1
Background of the invention:
Geneva Mechanisms are commonly utilised in motion picture film projectors to
advance film through a film gate with a projection aperture on an intermittent basis. A
Geneva Mechanism (also known as a "Maltese Cross") moves or advances the film
until an image frame aligns with the projection aperture. The film is then held still for a
set amount of time, during which light passes through it.the aperture, film frame,
projection lens, and onto a screen.The Geneva Mechanism, which consists of one
continuous rotating portion, the driver, and a second intermittent rotating piece, the star
wheel, allows for this intermittent frame-by-frame motion of the film.The star wheel in
a motion picture projector shares its centre shaft with a sprocket, whose teeth engage
with perforations in the film. As a result, when the driver rotates the star wheel, the film
and the star wheel both undergo intermittent motion.Other mechanisms, such as servo
motors and the Mitchell Movement, have been used to intermittently drive film through
a gate, but the Geneva Mechanism has proven to be particularly well suited to
accurately driving a load (the film) in an intermittent manner when the time allowed for
motion of the load is minimal over the past century.For example, motion picture film is
normally projected at a rate of 24 frames per second, which means that every fraction
(1/24) second, or approximately 42 milliseconds, a new film frame is positioned in the
projection aperture. The Geneva Mechanism of a conventional projector indexes a film
frame into the projection aperture in one-fourth of the frame duration, or around 10.5
milliseconds.

Working:
The Geneva drive, often known as the Maltese cross, is a gear that converts
continuous rotational motion into intermittent rotary motion.The rotating drive wheel
normally has a pin that reaches into a slot in the other wheel (driven wheel) and
moves it forward one step at a time. A raised circular blocking disc on the drive wheel
"locks" the rotating driven wheel in place.

Procedure/Explanation:
The steps that are performed to design the 3d model of Geneva Mechanism are given
below.
1) First of all you need to open the Solid works.
2) After that we need to install HSM works on our computer.Basically HSM Works is a
CNC machining package manufactured by Auto desk.After that we need to integrate it
into Solid Works.In this way we can prepare parts for a variety of machining operations.

Figure No:2
3) After that we need to add HSM Works in our tool bar from the solid works adds on,and
we must launch it from Apps Anywhere. It will not show up if you just launch the local
version of Solid Works (SW). After that we need to deselect SOLIDWORKS CAM
2019(both Active and Start UP) and also check that HSM Works is selected (both
Active and Start UP)

Figure No:3

4) First of all we will design the base of our Geneva Mechanism.For this we need to
select the top plane and select sketch.After that we need to sketch a square with
given dimensions.After that we need to fillet our square from edges with
appropriate radius.
5) After that we need to extrude our sketch with appropriate depth.After this we
need to fillet the sides of our model.
6) After performing this we need to drill holes in our base model.This can be done
by simply sketching two circle on the top plane and than extrude cutting it.This
can also be done by HMS tools.
7) After that we need to save our file and name it as base.
8) After this lets we will design the mover.First of all we need to sketch front plane
and sketch circle with appropriate dimensions.After this we need to extrude our
circle with appropriate depth.

9) After doing this we need to sketch top plane of our model and draw another circle
at center with appropriate radius and after this we need to extrude it with
appropriate depth.After this we need to sketch that extrude circle and draw
another circle on it and extrude cut it up to previous circle.

10) After this we need to add one more circle on the side appropriate location on the
previous circle and extrude it with appropriate depth.

11) After this we need to design the wheel of our Geneva Mechanism.For this
purpose we need to sketch the front plane and draw a circle.After this we need to
extrude our circle with appropriate dimensions.After this we need to sketch
appropriate design using spline tool and extrude cut it as shown in the figure.
 Figure No:4

Figure No:5

Figure No:6

12) After this we need to save our file and go for the assembly.
13) After this we will open all the three parts in our assembly and using appropriate mates assemble
our parts.
Advantages of Geneva Mechanism:
The advantages of Geneva Mechanism are listed below:-
i. Of all the intermittent motion devices, the Geneva mechanism may be the
simplest and least expensive.
ii. They are available in a wide range of sizes, from those used in instruments to
those used in machine machines to index spindle carriers that weigh several
tonnes. Of all the intermittent motion devices, the Geneva mechanism may be the
simplest and least expensive.
iii. When compared to ratchets, they have superior motion curve characteristics, but
they have more "jerk" or sudden change in acceleration than superior cam
systems.
iv. Because it is equipped with locking ring surfaces, Geneva maintains superb load
management at all times.

Disadvantages of Geneva Mechanism:

Like any other thing Geneva Mechanism also has some of its disadvantages:
1) The Geneva is not a versatile mechanism.
2) Once the number of dwells per revolution has been chosen, the dwell period to motion ratio is
also determined.
3) Once the number of dwells per revolution has been chosen, the dwell period to motion ratio is
also determined.
4) All Geneva acceleration curves start and end With finite acceleration & deceleration.
5) This means they produce jerk.

Applications and use of Geneva Mechanism:

The Geneva Mechanism has a vast applications from a small scale industry to the bulk
industrial level.Some of the applications of the Geneva Mechanism are listed below.
➢ Stepper
➢ Mechanical Watches
➢ Plotters
➢ CNC Machine
➢ Iron ring clock
➢ Modern film projectors may additionally include an electronically controlled
indexing mechanism or a stepper motor that allows the film to be fast-forwarded.
➢ Geneva wheels with the shape of a driven wheel were also employed in
mechanical clocks, but not for driving; rather, they were employed to limit the
tension of the spring, allowing it to operate only within the range where its elastic
force is approximately linear.
➢ Plotter pen replacement mechanisms, as well as automated sampling equipment,
are all part of the Geneva effort.

Conclusions:
After completing this assignment we conclude that we learn how to design Geneva
Mechanism in Solid works.We also come to know about the HMS tools in solid
Works.Geneva mechanism, also called Geneva Stop, one of the most
commonly used devices for producing intermittent rotary motion, characterized by
alternate periods of motion and rest with no reversal in direction. It is also used for
indexing (i.e., rotating a shaft through a prescribed angle).