CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses in detail the research design,location of the study,

respondents and sampling procedure, data gathering procedure, data gathering tools, and

statistical treatment employed in the study.

This study will be conducted in Camalaniugan, Cagayan, which focuses on Small

Scale Businesses who have been impacted by the COVID-19 Pandemic.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In this study, the descriptive in mixed method approach will be utilized to assess

the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small-scale businesses. It will employ a

structured questionnaire as the tool to collect quantitative data, while One-on-One and

phone interviews shall be employed to gather qualitative data. The quantitative method of

using a structured questionnaire is critical for measuring independent variables such as

the Demographic Profile of the Respondents, Profile of the Business and Effects of the

Quarantine Protocols in terms of Competition, while a qualitative method employing

One-on-One interviews and Phone Interviews best suit in analyzing descriptive variables

such as Effect of the Pandemic in terms of Operations, Methods and Strategies dealing

with the Pandemic, Results of Methods and Strategies, and Opportunities Encountered by
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

small-scale businesses in terms of Finance, Management and operation. The outcome

from these approach will provide numerical data that shall be statistically treated using

descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and percentages, as well as producing

qualitative data which will be treated using a narrative analysis. This strategy is well

suited for the goal of the study, which is to gain a better understanding of how COVID-

19 impacted small size businesses and will result in a more efficient and comprehensive

study.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted in the municipality of Camalaniugan, Cagayan.

Camalaniugan is a historical town in the province of Cagayan that houses the oldest bell

in the Far East, known as "Sancta Maria," which was forged in 1595. It is a 4th Class

Agricultural Municipality divided into 28 barangays with a thriving market where local

vendors and consumers from neighboring towns prefer to sell and buy agricultural

products.

RESPONDENTS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE

The target population of this study defined to include the fifteen (15) small scale

businesses around Camalaniugan, Cagayan. Eleven (11) respondents around the

Camalaniugan Public Market, three (3) respondents from Barangay Centro Sur, and one

(1) respondent from Barangay Catotoran Norte.

 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY 3
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

Location Number of Respondents

Camalaniugan Public Market 11

Centro Sur 3

Catotoran Norte 1

TOTAL 15

These small scale business were considered appropriate as population of the study

area because, as stated, they are the most impacted part of the business sector. Most of

them have several years of experience in entrepreneurship and therefore, they are in the

best position to furnish the researcher with the information needed to address the problem

of this study.

Because of the pandemic, researchers chose to use a convenience sampling

method in identifying participants for this study. Convenience sampling is a technique in

which respondents can be easily contacted and reached for a one-on-one or phone

interview, and to answer the questionnaire at their convenience. In addition, it will be

used because, in most situations, testing the whole population is almost impossible due to

the difficulty in reaching them and the pandemic. Furthermore, the technique will be

employed by the researchers to collect factual data rapidly and at a low cost.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY 4
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

The data collection process will begin with a formal request to the Market

Administrators for permission to perform the study in their areas by the researchers.

Following clearance, the researchers will execute the analysis by distributing

questionnaires and conducting interviews in those jurisdictions in line with the COVID –

19 pandemic's health and safety procedures, and further notify the respondents for the

conduct of the above-stated activities, which will be done through phone call or in person

at the respondent's convenience.

The structured questionnaire will consist of a list of categorical questions, which

will be printed in a sequential order on a form, while the interview will consist of sets of

questions, most of which will be open-ended, both of which will be used to collect

information from respondents. This method is employed because it allows respondents to

express their actual sentiments and thoughts while also giving them enough time to think

and react. It also ensures that all respondents are asked the same questions, resulting in

data consistency.

The results of the questionnaire and the interview response will then be tallied and

consolidated. The data will then be statistically treated,evaluated, and summarized in

detail.

DATA GATHERING TOOLS

The researchers will collect data from respondents primarily through structured

questionnaires to gather independent variables and one-on-one and phone call interviews
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

for the open-ended questions. These tools are necessary for more comprehensive and

efficient data collection.

The structured questionnaire has 3 parts:

A. Demographic Profile

This section contains the respondent's personal information, such as their

age, sex, and highest educational attainment.

B. Business Profile

This part outlines the business' demographic profile, which includes the

type and nature of the business, as well as the number of employees, operating

years, location, Category of Business During Pandemic, and Average Monthly

Sales, Earnings, and Expenses before the pandemic.

C. Effects of the Pandemic in business in terms of Competition

This part will concentrate on the Impact of Pandemic in Small Scale

Business in terms of Operation whether the business is still in operation,

recovered from temporary closure, or permanently closed.

Meanwhile, the following variables are to be collected for open-ended

questions using phone calls and one-on-one interviews:

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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

a) Effects of the Pandemic in business amidst Quarantine Orders in terms of

Sales, Expenses and Income.

b) What are the methods and strategies used by Small Scale Businesses to

deal with Pandemic ?

c) Result of the Methods and Strategies Employed?

d) What opportunities does small scale business encounter in terms of:

Finance, Management, and Operation.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The researchers will use the following statistical and non-statistical procedures to

provide a clearer interpretation of the collected data:

Statistical Procedure

1. Frequency Distribution. This statistical method is used to describe independent

variables based on their number of occurrence.

2. Simple Percentage. This statistical procedure is used to describe the respondents'

demographic profile in terms of age, sexual identity, and educational attainment, as well

as the business's demographic profile in terms of Type of Business, Nature of Business,

Operating Years, Location, Number of Employees, and Average Monthly Sales,

Earnings, and Expenses and Effects of Quarantine protocols in terms of competition.

 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY 7
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

The formula using the Simple Percentage is shown below:

P = F / N (100)

Where: P = Computed Simple Percentage

F = Frequency for each class or category

N = Total number of respondents

100 = constant multiplier to change the decimal into percentage value.

Non-Statistical Procedure

1. Narrative Analysis. This statistical approach analyzes data by listening to

respondents' stories about descriptive variables such as the Impact of COVID-19 on their

business operations in terms of Sales, Expenses, and Income, as well as the Methods and

Strategies used to deal with challenges brought about by pandemic, the Results of the

Methods and Strategies, and the Opportunities encountered by the respondents. By

analyzing their stories and how they are told, the researchers will gain insights into how

people deal with and make sense of reality. In addition, narrative analysis entails paying

attention to the stories that people tell – and, more importantly, the manner in which they

tell them. Furthermore, qualitative data will be treated through the use of a narrative

discussion.
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY 8
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY