AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACT IN SONG LYRICK “ MAMMA”

BY

ELISABETH ILI (32170006)

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES
TIMOR UNIVERSITY
KEFAMENANU
2019
 TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study …………………………………………………

1.2 Problem of the Study …………………………………………………….

1.3 Object of the Study ……………………………………………………. .

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERAURE

2.1 Definiion of Discourse Analysis ……………………………………………………. .

2.2 The Approach to Discourse Analysis …………………………………………

2.3 Speech Act Theory ……………………………………………………. .

CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Kind of Speech Act ……………………………………………………. .

3.2 Object of the Study ……………………………………………………. .

3.3 Procedure of Data Collection ……………………………………………………. .

3.4 Instrument ……………………………………………………. .

3.5 Technique of Analysis ……………………………………………………. .

CHAPTER IV : DISCUSSION AND FINDING

4.1 Data ……………………………………………………. .

4.2 Data analysis ……………………………………………………. .

4.3 Discussion ……………………………………………………. .

4.4 Finding ……………………………………………………. .

CHAPTER V : CLOSING

5.1 Conclusion ……………………………………………………. .

5.2 Question-Answer ……………………………………………………. .

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

One way communicating with each other is called language. Language is device
to communicating. In the study of language, what the people saying something is
called speech act. This statement supported by Toolan in (Mudzakir 2013) Speech act
refers to what is done when something is said. Thus, speech act is the study of
language by people saying something.

1.2 Problem of the Study

a) What is the type of act illocutionary of produced in the lyric song?
b) What is the most dominant illocutionary function produced in the lyric
song?

1.3 Object of the Study

The objectives of the research are:
a) To know the type of act illocutionary of produced in the lyric song.
b) To know the most dominant illocutionary function produced in the lyric
song.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATE LITERATURE

2.1 Discourse Analysis

Discourse analysis is an approach o the analysis of written, vocal, or sign language use,
or any significant semiotic event. The object of discourse analysis (discourse, writing,
conversation, communication event) are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of
sciences, propositions, speech, or turn-at-talk. Discourse analysis not only study language use
‘beyond sentence boundary’ but also prefer to analyze ‘naturally occurring’ language use, not
invented examples.

2.2 The Approach to Discourse Analysis

 Speech act theory (Austin 1955, Searle 1969)

It is a logico-philosophic perspective on conversation organization focusing on

interpretation rather than the production of utterances in discourse. I grows from the basic belief
that language is used to perform actions. Based on this theory, every utterance can be analyzed as
the realization of the speaker’s intent (illocutionary force) to achieve a particular purpose. The
focus the analysis is speech act (SA) or illocutionary force (IF). The principal problem faced by
the limguists is the lack of a one-to-one match up between discourse function (IF)and
grammaicalform. This theory provides the insight that the basic unit of conversation analysis
must be functionally motivated rather than formally defined one.

2.3. Speech-Act Theory

Speech-act theory is a subfield of pragmatics. This area of the study is concerned with
the ways in which words can be used not only to present information but also to carry of actions.
It is used in linguistics, psychology, legal and literary theories, and even the development of
artificial intelligence.

Speech act theory was introduced in 1975 by Oxford philosopher J.L Austin in “How to
Do Things With Words” and further developed by American philosopher J.R Searle. It
considers there levels or components of utterances: Illocutionary act (the making of a meaningful
statement, saying something that a hearer understands), illocutionary act (saying something that
causes someone to act), illocutionary speech acts can also be broken down into different families,
grouped together by their intent of usage.
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Kind of Analysis

 Speech Act

According to Austin in Isnawati (2015) that when people say or state something, they
also do something or create an act, it is called speech acts. At this time, people can peform an
action physically. The speaker do not need to do the action physically. The utterances said would
be sufficient to perform an action.

From de definition above, the research has conclusion that speech act is the study of
intention speaker meaning when people use the language performing an act.

According to Verceheren in Altikriti (2011) in performing speech acts, there are three
related acts:

1) Locutionary act (or locution) : The particular sense and reference of an utterance.
2) Illocutionary act ( or illocution) : The act performed in, or by virtue of, the performance
of the illocution; and
3) Perlocutionary act (or perlocution) : The act performed by means of what is said.

According to Searle in Dylgjeri (2017) illocutionary ino five, they are :

1) Directives, it is an attempt by speaker to get hearer o do something. The example of

directives are asking, begging, commanding, ordering, and requesting.
2) Commisives, speaker commits himself or herself to he performance of an action. The
example of commiserate are ordering, promising, swearing, threatening, and vowing.
3) Assertive, speaker represents a state of affairs. The utterances may be judged true or
false because they aim o describe a state of affairs in the world, for example affirming,
reporting, informing, stating, and so on.
4) Expressive, speaker expresses a psychological about the situation. The example are
welcoming, congratulation, thanking,etc.
5) Declaratives, the utterance attempt to change the world by representating it as having
been changed, for example naming, sentencing appointing, etc.
3.2 Object of the Study

The object of this research is a form of act illocutionary functions contained in lyric song.

3.3 Subject of the Study

The subject of this research is child milk advertising on television namely lyric song.

3.4 Procedure of Collecting Data

The writer used the following procedures of collecting data:

1. The writer watched the video and read the script of the lyric song.
2. The writer made a note to identify to know the type of illocutionary act of produced and
dominant illocutionary function produced in the advertising used the lyric song.
3. The writer classified data, choose which include in illocutionary act.
4. The writer analyzed the speech used the lyric song.

3.5 Instrument

The instrument of this research is Television, Handphone, Laptop, book.

3.6 Technique of Analyzing Data

1. The data analyzed by using speech act theory from Searle. It could used to identify the
kinds of illocutionary act produced by the lyric song.
 CHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Data

 Script lyric song “MAMMA”

Mamma

You gave life to me

4.2 Data Analysis

Based on the findings, there are five types of illocutuniory acts expressed by
Searle. They are Declarative, Representative, Expressive, Directives, and Commisive. The data
is summarized in the able below.

Table 1

N SPEECH CLAUSE TOTAL

O ACT
1 Declarative -Goodbye’s the saddest word I’ll ever hear 2
-Goodbye’s the last time I will hold you near
-Cause I know there is no other love like a mother love her child
2 Representative -
3 Expressive - Mamma, you gave life to me turned baby into a lady
- Mamma, you gave love to me turned a young one into a
 women
- And Mamma all I ever needed was a guarantee of you
loving me

- And it hurts so that something so strong someday will be

gone, must say goodbye
.
4 Directives -I’ll be there for you all the way
-I’ll be there your whole life through
-I’ll be there this I promise you, Mamma.

5 Commisive -

4.3 Discussion

After I am analysed illocutionary act of child milk advertising on the television

such as Bebelac 3, Nitrilon Royal 3, and Pediasure, I am get types of illocutionary act.
Based on the table 1 above, I get 2 types of illocutionary act there are Representative and
Expressive. In Representative, I have two sentences. First, “And the answer to all my
dream”, this sentences has a meaning that he can find the way to make his dreams come
true and this sentence gives the statement that the children can find their dreams. Second,
“You’re my sun, my moon, my guiding star”, this sentence has a meaning that their
mother is everything for them and to show they love with lovely words.
However, in Expressive sentence tha is “My kind of wonderful, that’s what you are”, it
means the speaker give the expression of the sentence that his mother is more precious
than anything.

Based on the table 2 above, I get 4 types of illocutionary 4 types of illocutionary

act there are Declarative, Representative, Expressive, and Commisive. In Declarative I
have “ To open my eyes, to be all I can be”, it means the speaker tell us hey have an
action that they can achieve their dreams. Whereas, in Representative, I have 3 sentences.
There are “To travel roads not taken, to meet faced unknow”, “To feel the wind, to touch
he stars”, and “Life is adventure”, it means that three sentences above give the
affirmation, description, and fact o express the sentence that he able o reach out his
dreams easily. The last, is Commissive, I have two sentences. There are two sentence “I
promise to discover myself” and “To chase down and catch every dream”. It means the
 speaker give the promise they can be what they want to be, and they can find and get way
to make they dream be real.

Based on the table 3 above, I gets 3 types of illocutionary act, there are
Representative, Expressive and Commisive. First, I have three sentence hat include in
representative there are “That why pediasure has 25 key nutrients”, “To support height,
weight, and natural defense system”, and “Complete nutrition from growth you can be
sorrow”. From the third statement that include representative about we can know that the
phe ediasure have a lot of nutrients, to make our body ideal and also o make our body
strong, so our body can fight the diseases, and microbe. Second, in expressive, I have
sentence “ She may not be eating well”, it means that the speaker give the statement that
express if we do not drink pediasure may be the children not eating well. And the last
part, I have two sentences in commisive. There are “And can become sickly” and “See
improvement in growth”. It means that if we did not drink the milk in the next may be
our body will get sick, and if we have to drink that milk in the future our body can get the
healthy.

4.4 Finding
The writer presented the findings of speech act kinds according to John Searle theory,
especially classified function of illocutionary act.

So, I found the kinds of communication function in illocutionary act used the child milk
advertising on television namely Lyric Song “MAMMA”

No Lyric song Declara Representative Expressive Directives Commisive

tive
1 3 - 4 3 -
total 3 - 4 3 -

From the analyzed the Illocutionary act is Dominant Expressive =4 , Medium :

expressive, Commisive = -, and Little : Declarative = 3
 CHAPTER V
CLOSING

5.1 Conclusion
In advertisement one, Bebelac 3: medley you are my everthing that is the product extends
the customer can make their children can reach his dream. After being analyzed, we can
find the illocutionary act of the advertisement are two representatives and one expressive.

In advertisement two, Nutrilon Royal 3: Life is Adventure, the song tell to the viewers
that the child must know how the wild world. We can find one declarative, three
representatives, one expressive, and two commisive.

In the last advertisement, Pediasure: See improvement in growth. This advertisement old
that many benefits in that milk can support the growth of the child. After being analyzed,
we can find the illocutionary acts of the advertisement are three representatives, one
expressive, and two commisive.

Thus, from the data above, not all the illocutionary act using in the advertisement but the
most dominance illocutionary act used by the advertisement are representative and
commisive.

5.2 Question-Answer
The type of act illocutionary of produced in the advertising are representative and
commisive.
The most dominant illocutionary function produced in the advertising is
representative.