TOPIC 12

SAFETY SYMBOLS IN THE WORKSHOP

Objectives:
 The students are able to make a conversation regarding the safety symbols
in a workshop.
 The students are able to answer the questions based on the passage given.
 The students are able to answer the questions based on the Announcement
given.
 The students are able to select the best word or phrase to complete the
sentence, especially regarding the infinitive.

1. Listening and Speaking Section

Read the following conversation and write your own conversation regarding the
safety symbols in the workshop.
Jonathan : Is it necessary for each worker in the workplace to know how to
read the symbols on safety signs?
Elisabeth : Of course.
Jonathan : Why can the safety signs be a tricky business?
Elisabeth : Because some have words and a clear message, while many rely
on visual symbols to warn of potential danger.
Jonathan : Is it an effective way to communicate potential hazards if the
workers understand what the symbols mean?
Elisabeth : I think so.
Jonathan : Why should we use safety symbols in the workplace?
Elisabeth : They are universally recognized symbols that transcend language.
No matter where you’re working, you’ll be able to understand the
potential hazards you face simply by looking at the posted
symbols.
2. Reading Section: Safety Symbols and Their Meanings
(https://www.dcmgroup.ca/en/news/safety-symbols-and-their-meanings-
2/#imageModal)

Takeaway: Everyone in the workplace should know how to read the symbols on

safety signs.
Safety signs can be a tricky business. Some have words and a clear
message, while many rely on visual symbols to warn of potential danger. This is
also an effective way to communicate potential hazards – as long as workers
understand what the symbols mean.
There are two different types of safety symbols: one refers to general
safety protocols, while the other is used specifically for labelling chemicals that
may be hazardous. Since most workplaces have a combination of both, it’s
important to understand each of them.

Why Use Safety Symbols?

These pictures may not say a thousand words, but they are universally
recognized symbols that transcend language. No matter where you’re working,
you’ll be able to understand the potential hazards you face simply by looking at
the posted symbols.
 The best occupational health and safety programs use a series of signs and
symbols to convey a complete message. For example, a hazardous gas symbol
may alert workers to the potential presence of a harmful gas. But an
accompanying sign mandating the use of a gas mask takes it a step further by
telling workers how to handle the hazard.
Signs and symbols are no substitute for training, but they do serve as
important reminders. They can be particularly helpful for workers who are not
familiar with a specific area or process. A simple sign with a safety symbol allows
workers to efficiently identify the potential hazard and make an immediate
decision.

Four Key Types of Safety Symbols

Most safety signs and symbols fall into one of four categories: Prohibition,
Warning, Mandatory, and Emergency.

Each category has its own specific color and sign shape that remains
consistent around the world as per safety regulations.
 By getting to know the key characteristics of each type of symbol, you’ll
be able to easily identify whether a sign is asking you to stop doing something,
start doing something, take precautions, or advising you of emergency equipment
or facilities.
Hazardous Chemicals Communication Standard
Canada’s Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)
and OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) align with and draw on
the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
(GHS). Using this international system helps ensure consistency in the
classification of chemicals and the communication of hazard information on labels
and safety data sheets.
 The system uses pictograms on labels to alert users of the chemical
hazards they may be exposed to. Every symbol consists of a black pictogram on a
white background, framed by a red border. There are nine different pictograms,
each representing a different chemical hazard classification.

Which Signs and Symbols Are Appropriate for Your Workplace?

To know what symbols should be in your workplace, you’ll need to
perform a comprehensive risk assessment. Assessments should be conducted for
each activity and at each designated workspace to make sure you identify all
potential hazards. Once you have that information, you’ll know where workers
will need safety reminders.
Note, however, that you might want to make sure the signs can be moved.
After a while, workers become so familiar with the safety signs that they start to
just be part of the background. To avoid this “sign blindness,” safety experts
recommend switching up the location of your signs every so often to keep the
safety message top of mind.
Safety signs and symbols exist to make identifying potential hazards
easier. Keep things simple by spreading signs out within an area to avoid
clustering them. Too many signs crammed together overwhelms workers with
information and makes it less likely that they pay careful attention.
And remember that safety signs only work if everyone understands them.
Conduct regular refresher training to ensure that every worker is familiar with the
symbols and their meanings.

Questions:
3. Why do we use Safety Symbols?
-Thats pictures may not say a thousand words, but they are universally
recognized symbols that transcend language. No matter where you’re
working, you’ll be able to understand the potential hazards you face
simply by looking at the posted symbols.
4. What do the best occupational health and safety programs use to convey a
complete message?
- The best occupational health and safety programs use a series of signs
and symbols to convey a complete message. For example, a hazardous gas
symbol may alert workers to the potential presence of a harmful gas. But
an accompanying sign mandating the use of a gas mask takes it a step
further by telling workers how to handle the hazard.

5. What is the function of a hazardous gas symbol?

-Serves to notify the potential dangers that exist so that we are more
vigilant in places that have the symbol for the dangerous gas

6. What is the function of a sign mandating the use of a gas mask?

-To avoid inhalation of harmful gases

7. What does a simple sign with a safety symbol allows?

- A simple sign with a safety symbol allows workers to efficiently identify
the potential hazard and make an immediate decision.

8. Mention the four categories of safety signs and symbols!

-Prohibition, Warning, Mandatory, and Emergency

9. Why should we understand the key characteristics of each type of symbol?

- By getting to know the key characteristics of each type of symbol, we'll
be able to easily identify whether a sign is asking you to stop doing
something, start doing something, take precautions, or advising you of
emergency equipment or facilities.

10. What is the color of prohibition signs and symbols?

-Red
11. What information/instruction do the prohibition signs deliver?
- Dangerous behaviour,stop,shutdown,emergency cut-out devices,evacuate

12. What are the examples of prohibition signs?

- Do not touch,no acces for unauthorized person,do not enter

13. What is the color of warning signs and symbols?

-Yellow

14. What information/instruction do the warning signs deliver?

-Be careful,Take precautions,hazard nearby

15. What are the examples of warning signs?

-Electric shock,Magnetic field,biological hazard,general warning

16. What is the color of mandatory signs and symbols?

-Blue

17. What information/instruction do the mandatory signs deliver?

-Specific behaviour or action

18. What are the examples of mandatory signs?

-Wear safety glasses,wash hand,use safety harness

19. What is the color of emergency signs and symbols?

-Green

20. What information/instruction do the emergency signs deliver?

-Doors,exits,escape routes,equipment and facilities
 21. What are the examples of emergency signs?
-Emergency exit/escape route,eyewash station,first aid kit

22. What do the WHMIS and HCS align with and draw on?
- align with and draw on the Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

23. What is the GHS?

- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of
Chemicals

3. Writing Section: Announcement

Announcement is used to tell everyone related with the content. Usually,
it tells something really important. It can be a task or a rule. Most of the time, it is
found in formal form.

The following questions refer to the following announcement.

(Source: Barron’s TOEIC 7th Edition)

ATTENTION
On this coming holiday, we will have a speech competition
Prepare yourself for this great event.
The competition will be held on 24th of December 2020.
Registration will start on 1st of December 2020 and will last on 20th of
Dec. 2020.
The coaching clinic will be held on 22nd of December 2020.
Place of registration: Room 21
Free Registration
For More Information, please contact:
081368075233 (Rena)

1. What great event will be conducted in the near future?

a. Debate competition
c. Singing competition
2. When will the competition be held?
a. 24th of December 2020
c. 20th of December 2020
3. When will the registration start?
a. 24th of December 2020
c. 20th of December 2020
4. When will the coaching clinic be held?
a. 24th of December 2020
c. 20th of December 2020
b. Speech competition
d. Dancing competition
b. 1st of December 2020
d. 22nd of December 2020
b. 1st of December 2020
d. 22nd of December 2020
b. 1st of December 2020
d. 22nd of December 2020

4. Structure and Grammar Section: Infinitives

(https://www.ef.co.id/panduan-bahasa-inggris/tata-bahasa-inggris/infinitive/)
 To-infinitive Zero infinitive

to sit sit

to eat eat

to have have

to remember remember

The following are examples of Negative infinitive 

 I decided not to go to London.
 I'd like you not to sing so loudly.
 I'd rather not eat meat.
 I might not come.

The following are examples of to-infinitive to show the purpose:

 She came to collect her pay cheque.
 The three bears went to find firewood.
 You sister has gone to finish her homework.

The following are examples of to-infinitive as a subject:

 To be or not to be, that is the question.
 To know her is to love her.
 To understand statistics, that is our aim.

The following are examples of to-infinitive to show the use of something

 The children need a garden to play in.
 I would like a sandwich to eat.
 Would you like something to drink?

To-infinitive after adjective

 Subj + to + Adj. (+ for/of + to-inf. (+ rest of
. be someone) sentence)

It is good   to talk.  

It is good of you to talk to me.

It is important   to be patient.  

It is important for Jake to be patient with his little

brother.

The is naughty   to destroy our couch.

dog

Subj. + to be + noun phrase + to-infinitive

It was a stupid place to park.

That is a dangerous way to behave.

What you said was a rude thing to say.

Those were the wrong kind of to buy.

eggs

Jim is the best person to hire.

The following are examples of to-infinitive with adverb

 There's too much sugar to put in this bowl.
 I had too many books to carry.
 This soup is too hot to eat.
 She was too tired to work.
 I've had enough food to eat.
 She's old enough to make up her own mind.
 There isn't enough snow to ski on.
  You're not old enough to have grand-children!

The following are examples of to-infinitive with question word

 She asked me how to use the washing machine.
 Do you understand what to do?
 I've forgotten where to put this little screw.
 I'm not sure I know who to call.

The following are examples of zero infinitive after auxiliary

 She can't speak to you.
 He should give her some money.
 Shall I talk to him?
 Would you like a cup of coffee?
 They must leave before 10.00 a.m.

The following are examples of Zero infinitive after the verb of senses
 He saw her fall from the cliff.
 They saw us walk toward the lake.
 She felt the spider crawl up her leg.

The following are examples of zero infinitive after the verb of 'make' and 'let'
 Her parents let her stay out late.
 Let's go to the cinema tonight.
 Don't make me study that boring grammar book!

The following are examples of zero infinitive after 'had better'

 We had better take some warm clothing.
 We had better reserve a room in the hotel.
 You'd better give me your address.
 They had better work harder on their homework.
The following are examples of zero infinitive with "why"
 Why wait until tomorrow?
 Why not ask him now?
 Why walk when we can go in the car?
 Why not buy a new bed?

Questions: Choose the correct answer!

1. He asked me ……. (not to be / to be not) late.
2. I am calling ……... (ask / to ask) you about dad.
3. (To visit / visit) ……... the Grand Canyon is my life-long dream.
4. I don't have anything ……... (wear / to wear).
5. I am happy ………. (be / to be) here.
6. This is the right thing ……. (to do / do).
7. He arrived too late …………. (see / to see) the actors.
8. Tell me when ……. (press / to press) the button.
9. I might ………… (stay / to stay) another night in the hotel.
10. We heard them ………. (close / to close) the door.
11. You made me ……... (come / to come) with you.
12. She had better ……... (ask / to ask) him not to come.
13. Why ……… (leave / to leave) before the end of the game?