ENGLISH FOR OCCOPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

TASK 1 : "INTERNASIONAL SAFETY SIGN"

COMPILED BY:

FERDINAN ROYNALDO OKTAVIANO SINAGA

221013241167

FACULTY OF HEALTH

OCCOPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY STUDY PROGRAM

UNIVERSITY OF IBNU SINA

2021/2022
 ENGLISH CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background

Occupational safety and health is a thought and effort to ensure the integrity and perfection of
both physical and spiritual. With occupational safety and health, the parties are expected to be
able to carry out their work safely and comfortably. Work is said to be safe if whatever the
worker does, the risks that may arise can be avoided. The work is said to be comfortable if the
workers concerned can do their work comfortably and at home, so they don't get tired easily.
Occupational safety and health is one aspect of labor protection regulated in Law No. 13
of 2003. By implementing occupational safety and health control technology, it is hoped
that the workforce will achieve physical endurance, work power, and a high level of
health. In addition, occupational safety and health can be expected to create work
comfort and high work safety. So, the elements that exist in occupational health and
safety are not fixed on physical factors, but also mental, emotional and psychological.
Although the provisions regarding occupational health and safety have been regulated in such a
way, in practice it is not as expected. There are so many factors in the field that affect
occupational health and safety such as human, environmental and psychological factors. There
are still many companies that do not meet occupational safety and health standards.

B. PROBLEM FORMULATION
From the background, the problem can be formulated as follows:
 What is the definition of occupational health and safety?
 What do the OHS signs include?
 Where is K3 applied?
 If K3 is applied in the Embroidery Lab, what signs should be in the Embroidery Lab?the
place?
 How is ergonomics applied in the lab. Embroidery?
 What potential accidents might occur in the Embroidery Lab?
 What requirements must be met when making K3 signs?

C. PURPOSE AND BENEFITS

The aims of this paper include:
• Knowing the meaning and definition of K3 especially in the workplace
 •Understanding OHS signs
 Chapter II

THEORETICAL STUDY

A. DEFINITION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (K3)

According to Mangkunegara, occupational safety and health is a thought and effort to ensure
the integrity and perfection of both the physical and the spiritual workforce in particular, and
humans in general, the results of work and culture towards a just and prosperous society.

According to Simanjuntak (1994), work safety is a safety condition that is free from the risk of
accidents and damage where we work which includes building conditions, machine
conditions, safety equipment, and worker conditions.

According to Ridley, John (1983), occupational health and safety is a condition in a healthy and
safe job both for the job, the company as well as for the community and the environment
around the factory or workplace.

From a scientific point of view, occupational health and safety is a science and its application in
an effort to prevent the possibility of accidents and occupational diseases in the workplace.
(Then Husni, 2003: 138).

B .DEFINITION OF SAFETY SIGN

Occupational safety and health signs are signs that are installed in the workplace/laboratory, in
order to remind or identify all implementing activities around the place of conditions, risks,
related to occupational safety and health. The benefits of installing signs are:

•Provide clarity of information and provide general direction

•Provide explanations about occupational health and safety
•Indicates a potential hazard that may not be visible

•Remind the implementers where to use personal protective equipment before starting
activities in the workplace.
•Indicates where safety emergency equipment is located.
•Provide alert warnings against certain actions or behaviors that are not allowed.
Signs commonly used in laboratories include pictures/posters, logos/slogans, or symbols. Some
signs must be installed as a required part of occupational health and safety regulations to help
reduce hazardous risks, while posters are explanations that explain an activity in the form of
cause and effect. All of the above is applied in order to remind the importance of procedures,
work processes and work results that are safe and meet the qualification standards that have
been determined based on the applicable work safety laws.

C. KINDS OF SAFETY SIGN

The types of work safety signs that are often encountered include in the form of signs:
a. Prohibition
b. Warning
c. Help
d. Precondition

These four signs are very important to understand when doing work, besides that in their
daily life there is a need for examples before participants enter the workplace. This will
enable participants to carry out work/learning procedures in the workshop responsibly. The
installation of signs must follow the ethical standards of applicable occupational safety and
health signs, and can be achieved internationally, as long as they are installed if we install
them incorrectly. it could be that we wanted to work instead put them in a risk or danger.

Safety signs generally consist of several symbols or codes that state conditions that need
attention for anyone in the location. The classification of signs can be based on color and shape.
The classification of signs based on the background color is as follows:
Red = Prohibition Sign (Fire Extinguisher)
Yellow = Warning/Alert/Risk of Danger
Green = Safe/Help Zone Sign
Blue = Signs Must Be Obeyed/Prerequisite
White = General Information Sign
Orange = Toxic Sign
The colors above are the basic colors as the background, while the image or logo/symbol above
the base color is a contrasting color. According to the standards that apply internationally in the
form of white or black. While the classification of signs based on the form, namely:

ROUND SHAPE
Mandatory sign or it could be as
form of prohibition, namely when
circle with diagonal scribbles

TRIANGLE
The sign is just a warning.
For example, if there is a danger.

RECTANGULAR
Emergency signs, information and signs
Addition.

CHAPTER III
 Discussion

A. EMBROIDERY LABORATORY

Embroidery laboratory is a place that is used specifically to make decorations in the form of
embroidery crafts. This room is separate from the sewing room. because the machine used for
embroidery is different from the sewing machine. The contents of the embroidery room include
an embroidery machine, threads for embroidery, several plugs for electricity, compliments,
dynamos, and other embroidery materials. The embroidery room has air conditioning and
adequate ventilation. There is a television placed in front of the classroom, and it is located
higher up.
The embroidery machine used is an embroidery machine with high speed (high speed). The
materials used for embroidery are placed in a display case. Complementary tools such as a
table to trace embroidery design patterns in which there are neon lights, pins, scissors,
needles, pendedel, and sewing meters.

B. POTENTIAL ACCIDENT WORK IN EMBROIDERY LAB

With condition room which listed on description just now can be taken conclusions about the
potential for accidents that occur in a lab. embroidery.
From a room perspective, for example:

Place/Area and Potential work hazard/accident :

A.High speed embroidery machine
1. got electric shock
2.Fingers/hands hit by needles
3.Machine curled hair
B.material storage
1.Exposed to dust/pollution
2.Material falls and hits the user
C. AC room
1.Stuffy due to lack of ventilation
2.Electric short
3.Fire
D.Lighting
Lack of light causes eye pain
E.Seat
A.Improper seat causes back injury
B.Neck injury

C. ERGONOMICS
Ergonomics is a science that studies good working procedures to optimize the way humans
work, so as to create comfortable work. Ergonomics comes from the Greek, namely Ergon
(work) and Nomos (natural law) meaning that ergonomics is a systematic branch of science to
utilize information about the nature, abilities and limitations of humans to design a work
system so that people can live and work in the system. do it well, which is to achieve the
desired goal through the job effectively, safely, and comfortably. Ergonomics is also concerned
with optimization, efficiency, health, safety and human comfort in the workplace. at home and
in recreational areas

The benefits of applying ergonomics principles in the workplace are:

• Understand the influence of a type of work on workers and employee performance
• Predict the potential effects of work on the worker's body
• Evaluate the suitability of the workplace, work equipment with workers at work
• Increase productivity and efforts to create a match between the capabilities of workers
and job requirements.
• Build knowledge base to encourage workers to increase productivity.
• Prevent and reduce the incidence of occupational diseases
• improvement of work safety factor
• Increased profits, income, health and well-being for individuals and institutions
There are several aspects that affect ergonomics in human survival, namely
a. Anthropometry
Is a part of ergonomics that specifically studies body size which includes linear dimensions, as
well as content and also includes areas of size, strength. speed and other aspects of body
movement. There are two types, namely
(1) dynamic anthropometry, namely body size or body characteristics in a state of movement
or paying attention to movements that may occur when the worker is carrying out activities.
(2) static anthropometry is body size and body characteristics in a static/quiet state for a
predetermined position.

b. Work environment
A work environment that is not conducive to work affects the implementation of one's work
that is being carried out. Aspects of the work environment greatly affect the workers. The work
environment includes working conditions, working time, social environment.

c. Work attitude
The physical work environment includes everything from parking facilities outside the work site
building, the location and design of the company building

f. Working time
Work is said to be efficient if the completion time is short. Measurement Work measurement is
a method of determining the balance between human activities contributed to the unit of
output produced. Standard time is needed especially for planning certain manpower needs
(man power planning), cost estimation for employee wages, production scheduling and
budgeting, system planning, giving bonuses (incentives) for employees who excel, indication of
output that can be produced by a worker.

g. Social

This includes how workers are organized in carrying out their duties, social interactions among
workers, especially when dealing with new technologies. In addition, the work carried out if it is
not in accordance with the abilities and capacities will cause psychological stress and health
problems.
If it is put into the context of work related to sewing/embroidering, it is a manual work, which if
done continuously for a relatively long time will cause fatigue or can also be called occupational
disease. Sewing work that is always repetitive and in a relatively long time can cause
physiological fatigue, which is caused by work activities to maintain the body when working.
Based on the analysis of ergonomics in work related to sewing machines, the authors can
describe several ergonomic problems caused by their work, including:
1. Pain in the legs Pain in the legs can be caused by moving the sewing machine continuously,
so that over time it can cause physiological disorders in the feet, such as aches, cramps, and
poultice on the feet
2. Aches in the arms and wrists. Aches in the arms and wrists can be caused by monotonous
sewing activities, which can cause arm and wrist aches.
3. Back pain and pain in the lower back Back pain and pain in the lower waist are both caused
by sitting too long, which is 15-20 minutes so that the back muscles usually start to get tired.
As a result, you begin to feel pain in the lower back. Pain in the lower back will cause the
muscles of the waist to become tense and can damage the surrounding soft tissue. If this
continues, it will cause pressure on the spinal cord which results in a herniated nucleus
pulposus, where the spinal cord is "pinched" between the two vertebrae, causing pain in the
waist and also a tingling feeling that radiates to the legs to the feet. In fact, when severe, it
can cause paralysis (Diana 2009).
4. Neck pain. It can be caused by a stooped and monotonous sitting position for a long time
when sewing, causing the neck to become sore aches and sick
Based on the problems that may arise, there are efforts that can prevent this from
happening, including:
 Maintain a stable and relaxed posture
 Avoid sitting in the same position for more than 20-30 min
 Stretch every 30-45 minutes
 Perform an upright sitting position to avoid the risk of back pain and low back pain
 Eat nutritious foods
 Maintain visibility so as not to get too close to the machine
D. SAFETY SIGN AT THE LAB. EMBROIDERY

The safety sign is a sign of work safety in a work lab/workspace. Where the contents of the
safety sign are in the form of warnings, orders, or help which are symbolized by the colors and
shapes that have been described in the previous discussion. If it is connected to an embroidery
laboratory, the right safety sign to use is adjusted to the potential for work accidents that
occur.
Therefore, from the identification of potential work accidents in the embroidery lab, the signs
that must exist include:

1. prohibition sign
 Noo smoking sign : Because the embroidery laboratory is an air-conditioned room,
it is forbidden to pollute the room with various pollutants
 Prohibition signs for bringing food and drinks into the room : Because the
embroidery laboratory is a room that deals with materials / fabrics. This prohibition
serves to be vigilant or to prevent food waste in the workplace

2. warning sign
 high voltage : In the embroidery laboratory there are many high speed embroidery
machines that have high voltage. If you are not careful, you can get electrocuted.
 Fire extinguisher:Indicates the location of the gas cylinder, to anticipate the
presence of fire

3. help sign
 first aid : The sign serves to indicate the place of first aid that must be done in the
event of a work accident

4. command sign
 think safety : This sign warns workers in the embroidery lab to always pay attention
to their own safety, so it is necessary to obey all the signs
 protective footwear must be worn : because of the high-voltage machine, when
working, it is required to wear footwear or foot protectors
 wear a work uniform or lab coat : to protect yourself from dirt, thread or dust so
that it doesn't directly hit the clothes you use directly
 notice this your area keep it clean : This command sign is to always keep the room
clean before and after work
 notice please do not litter : it is recommended to dispose of garbage in its place so
that there is no dirt scattered in the workspace
 heart stumble : warning signs to be careful when walking, because in the
embroidery laboratory there are many outlets placed under the work table
 CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION

A. CONCLUSION

The conclusion that occupational health and safety is an effort and effort to create protection
and security from the risk of accidents and physical, mental and emotional hazards to workers,
companies, communities and the environment.
So talking about occupational health and safety is not only about the physical safety of the
workers, but involves various elements and parties. The kinds of K3 signs that are often
encountered include Prohibition, Warning, Help, Prerequisite signs. And the signs that must
exist in the embroidery lab include: No smoking signs, Prohibition signs for bringing food and
drinks into the room, High voltage, Gas cylinders for fire fighting, First aid (first aid kit),
Command to use footwear. Use work uniforms/lab coats, Maintain cleanliness. Dispose of trash
in its place, Be careful of tripping. Potential accidents that occur in a lab. Embroidery.
Ergonomics applied to the embroidery laboratory is not much different from the ergonomics of
sewing, because the context of sewing and embroidery has the same position, among others, as
follows:
 Maintain a stable and relaxed posture
 Avoid sitting in the same position for more than 20-30 min
 Stretch every 30-45 minutes
 Perform an upright sitting position to avoid the risk of back pain and low back pain
 Eat nutritious foods
 Maintain visibility so as not to get too close to the machine

In terms of the room, there can be a potential for work accidents, for example: Electrocution.
Fingers/hands hit by needles, Machine coiled hair, exposed to pollution dust, Materials fall and
hit the user, Stuffy due to lack of ventilation, Electrical short circuit. Fire, Lack of lighting causes
eye pain, Improper seat causes back injury, Neck injury occurs.
In making K3 signs there are no rules for definite sizes. adjust to the room, it's just that the signs
must be clear and visible when viewed from any angle.
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